試題PAGE1試題河北省保定市六校聯考2023-2024學年高一下學期4月期中英語試題一、閱讀理解（本大題共4小題）Parisisoneofthemost-visiteddestinationsintheworld.Therearelotstoexploreandthere’sdeliciousfoodoneverycorner.ArelaxingtriptoParistakesalittlebitofplanning.Herearesometipsforyoutomakeyourtripsmooth.PlanningyourtripHaveavalid(有效的)passportforinternationaltravel.Apassportcosts$110andtakes6~8weekstoarriveafteryouapply.BookingFlightsThecheapestperiodtoflyisduringthespringtime,especiallyifyoucanleaveonthefirstthreedaysoftheweek.You’llsaveevenmoremoneybybookingaround100daysinadvance.Inthesummermonths,ticketswillbemoreexpensivenomatterwhenyoubook.EnjoyingYourTime·VisittheEiffelTower.TheEiffelToweristhemostrecognizablesymbolofParis.Toavoidthecrowds,gototheEiffelTowerearlyinthemorning.Itcosts€25togotothetop,or€10toclimbtothefirst2levelsonfoot.·SeetheNotreDameCathedral.Atpresent,theNotreDameCathedralisnotaccessibletotouristsduetothefirethatruinedpartsofthecathedral.However,youcanstillvisittheoutsideofthecathedral.·GototheLouvretoworld-famousart.TheLouvrehoststheMonaLisaalongwith35,000otherpiecesofart.Ifyou’repressedfortime,visitthehighlights.TheLouvrecosts€15atthemuseumor€17inadvance(toskipmostoftheline).·TakeadaytriptoVersailles.Ifyouhaveadaytospare,headtothepalaceofVersailles,around14milessouthwestofthecity.TakeatourtoseeKingLouisXVI’spalaceandgardens.Itcosts€20tovisitthepalaceandgrounds.1．Howmuchdoesapassportcost?A．$15. B．$17. C．$25. D．$110.2．Whichtouristattractionisnotopentovisitorsatthemoment?A．TheNotreDameCathedral. B．TheEiffelTower.C．TheLouvre. D．Versailles.3．Whichofthefollowingisright?A．Youcangetafreepassportwhenyouapply.B．YoucanonlyseeasmallpartofworksintheLouvre.C．EarlymorningisabettertimetovisittheEiffelTower.D．ThetriptoVersaillescoststhemostmoney.Growingup,Iunderstoodonethingaboutmydad:Hekneweverything.Inmyteenyears,hetaughtmethingsI’dneedtoknowtosurviveintherealworld:howtodriveastickshift,howtocheckthecartyre’s(輪胎)pressure,andthecorrectknifetousetocutacantaloupe.WhenImovedoutonmyown,Icalledhimatleastonceaweek,usuallywhensomethingbrokeinmyapartmentandIneededtoknowhowtofixit:thetoilet,theair-conditioning,thewall,once,whenIthrewashoeataterrifyingspider.Butthen,eventually,Ineededhimless.Igotmarried,andmyhusbandhadmostoftheknowledgeIlackedaboutgutter(排水溝)cleaningandwaterheatersandnondestructiveinsectremoval.Foreverythingelse,wehadGoogle.Ididn’tknowwhenithappened,butourconversationsturnedintosixwordswhenIcalled.Me:“Hi,Dad.”Him:“Hi,sweet.Here’sMom.”Ilovedmydad,ofcourse,butIwonderedattimesifmaybehehadalreadysharedeverythingIneededtoknow.MaybeI’dheardallhisstories.Maybe,afterknowingamanfor40years,there’snothinglefttosay.Then,twosummersago,myhusband,ourfourkidsandImovedinwithmyparentsforthreeweekswhileourhousewasbeingpainted.Theyownedalakehouse,andmydadaskedmetohelphimrebuildthebulkhead(艙壁).Itwasahardandmanualjob.Wegotwetandsandy.Butasweputthenewbulkheadtogetherpiecebypiece,mydadknewexactlywhatwentwhere.Ilookedathim,“Howdoyouknowhowtobuildabulkhead?”“IspentasummerincollegebuildingitontheJerseyShore.”“Youdid?”IthoughtIkneweverythingaboutmydad,butIneverknewthis.Irealizedthatmaybeit’snotthatthere’snothinglefttosay.Maybeit’sjustthatI’vespentmylifeaskinghimthewrongquestions.Thatday,mydadtalkedaboutwhathehadlearnedandwhathecoulddoexcitedly.Wechattedandchattedforalongtime.Afewweekslater,aftermyfamilyandImovedbackintoourpaintedhouse,Icalledmyparents.“Hi,sweets,”hesaid.“Here’sMom.”“Wait,Dad,”Isaid.“Howareyou?”Weendeduptalkingabouteverythinghewasworkingon.Toanyoneelse,itwouldsoundlikeanormalconversationbetweenadadandhisdaughter.Buttome,itwasnovelandanewbeginning.Ispentthefirstpartofmylifeneedingtotalktomydad.NowItalktohimbecauseIwantto.4．Whydidtheauthorfeelthatsheneededtocallherdadbeforeshegotmarried?A．Shecalledtomakesurehewaspleased. B．Shewantedtotalktohimforknowledge.C．Sheknewherparentsmissedhersomuch. D．Shewasaskedtocallhimonceaweek.5．Whyhadn’ttheauthorgotsomethingtotalkwithherfatherbeforeshemovedbacktobewithhim?A．Herfatherwasoldandhedidn’tkeepupwiththeworld.B．Herfatheralwaysthoughthewasrightineverything.C．Shedidn’thavemoretolearnfromhimthanshethought.D．Shespentheryoungeragesaskinghimtoomanyquestions.6．Whatdoesthefather’sanswer“Hi,sweet.Here’sMom.”mean?A．Theauthor’smotherisansweringthephone. B．Theauthor’smotherknowswhathashappened.C．Hewillgivethephonetotheauthor’smother. D．Hefindstheauthor’smothersweetandkind.7．Whichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribethefather?A．Creativeandfaithful. B．Selflessandbrave.C．Inspiringandgenerous. D．Lovingandexperienced.Imaginethis:You’reatamovietheaterfoodstandloadinguponsnacks.Youhaveachoiceofasmall,mediumorlargesoda.Thesmallis$3.50andthelargeis$5.50.It’satoughdecision:Thesmallsizemaynotlastyouthroughthewholemovie,but$5.50forsomesugarydrinkseemsunreasonable.Butthere’sathirdoption(選擇),amediumsodafor$5.25.Themediummightbejustrightforyou,butthelargeonlycostaquartermore.Ifyou’relikethemajorityofpeople,youendupbuyingthelarge.Ifyou’rewonderingwhowouldpurchasethemediumsoda,theanswerisalmostnoone.Actually,there’sagoodchancethatthemarketingdepartmentpurposelypricedthemediumsodaasadecoy(誘餌),makingyoumorelikelytobuythelargesodaratherthanthesmall.IhavewrittenaboutthisuniquehumannaturepreviouslywithmyfriendDanAriely,who,afternoticingpricingforsubscription(訂閱)toTheEconomist,studiedthisphenomenonextensively.Thedigitalsubscriptionwas$59,theprintsubscriptionwas$125,andtheprintplusdigitalsubscriptionwasalso$125.Nooneintheirrightmindwouldbuytheprintsubscriptionwhenyoucouldgetdigitalaswellforthesameprice,sowhywasitevenanoption?Arielyrananexperimentandfoundthatwhenonlythetwo“real”choiceswereoffered,morepeoplechosetheless-expensivedigitalsubscription.However,thebadoptionincreasedpeople’slikelihoodofselectingtheexpensiveprintplusdigitaloption.Brainscientistscallthiseffect“asymmetricdominance”anditmeansthatpeopleareattractedtotheoptionthatisclosesttoanobviouslyinferior(較差的)option.Marketingprofessorscallitthedecoyeffect,whichiscertainlyeasiertoremember.Itworksbecauseofthewayourbrainassignsvaluewhenmakingchoices.Valueisrarelyabsolute;rather,wedecideanobject’svaluerelativetootherchoices.Ifmoreoptionsareintroduced,thevalueequation(方程)changes.8．Whydotheshopsgivethethirdoption—themediumsoda?A．Toofferpeoplemorechoices. B．Togivepeopletherightsizeofsoda.C．Tohelppeoplesavesomemoney. D．Toearnmoremoney.9．WhatdowelearnfromDanAriely’sexperiment?A．TheEconomist’sprinteditionturnsouttosellthebest.B．Morereaderschoosethedigitalovertheprintedition.C．Lower-pricedgoodsattractmorecustomers.D．TheEconomist’spromotionalstrategyworks.10．Fromwhichwebsitewouldyoumostprobablyfindthistext?A．/health B．/localC．/money D．/science11．Howdoweoftenassessthevalueofaproductaccordingtothetext?A．Byconsideringitsusefulness. B．Bycomparingitwithotherchoices.C．Byexaminingitsformervalue. D．Bytakingitslowqualityintoaccount.Plasticiseverywhereinourmodernworld.Itstoughnessmakesitanextremelyusefulmaterialfromhouseholditemstovehicleparts,butthatsametoughnessmakesithardtobreakdownforrecyclingordisposal(處理).However,JapanesescientistsattheUniversityofTokyohavedevelopedanewplasticmaterialthatcanbebrokendownmoreeasilyandcanself-healandrememberpastshapes.Basedonakindofplasticcalledanepoxyresinvitrimer,whichisbrittle(脆性的),thenewplastichasahugerangeofadvantages.Oncescratched(刮劃)withaknife,itcancompletelypatchitselfupafterbeingheatedto150℃forjust60seconds.Whenshapedintotheshapeofacrane,thenflattened,itcanfolditselfbackintothecraneshapebybeingheatedup.Itdoesallofthismuchfasterthanothersofitstype.Thenewplasticcanalsobreakdowneasier.Evenifit’sthrownintotheenvironment,itstillhaslessofaproblemthanotherkindsofplastic,whichtheteamdemonstratedbyplacingitinseawaterfor30days.Itbiodegraded(生物降解)by25%andreleasedsomethingthatiseatableforoceanlife.Thenewplasticismoreresistanttobreaking.Itcanalsorepairitself,andcanrecoveritsoriginalmemorizedshape.Itevenbiodegradessafelyinaoceanenvironment,accordingtoShotaAndo,aresearcherofthestudy.Thematerialcanbeusedinavarietyofapplications.“Buildingmaterialsforroadsandbridgesareoftencomposedofepoxyresinsmixedwithcompounds(化合物)suchasconcreteandcarbon,”saidAndo.“Byusingthenewplastic,thesewouldbeeasiertomaintainastheywouldbestrongerandhealableusingheat.Unlikeconventionalepoxyresins,thisnewmaterialishardbutflexible,soitcouldalsobeexpectedtostronglybondmaterialsofdifferenthardnessandstretch.”12．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingparagraph1?A．Tointroducethetopicofthetext. B．Toshowthedisadvantagesofplastic.C．Tohighlighttheimportanceofplastic. D．Toshowhisviewsonpreviousplastic.13．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“patchitselfup”meaninparagraph2?A．Changeitself. B．Destroyitself. C．Repairitself. D．Burnitself.14．Whatdoweknowaboutthenewplastic?A．Itissafeforanimalsintheocean. B．Itismadeupofconcreteandcarbon.C．Itcanchangeitsshapewhenfrozen. D．Itismorebrittlethanpreviousplastic.15．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．HowtoMakeaNewPlastic B．AnInterestingScientificStudyC．TheWidespreadApplicationofPlastic D．ANewEnvironmentallyFriendlyPlastic二、七選五閱讀（本大題共1小題）Musicexistsalmosteveryhumancultureonearth.Theoldestdiscoveredmusicalinstrumentsdatebackover40,000yearstotheStoneAge.16Itoriginatedalongsidelanguageinearlyhumancommunication.Whydidmusicbecomesowellconnectedintothehumanexperienceoverthelonghistory?Evolutionarypsychologistssayitgavesignificantsurvivaladvantagestoourancestors.Inprehistorictimes,musicpromotedtightersocialbondingbetweengroupmembers.Singinganddrummingtogetherreleasedchemicalslikedopamineandendorphins,inducingpositiveemotionsthatstrengthenedsocialconnections.17Thiscanalsohelptoclaimidentityandterritory(領土).Earlymusiclikelyaidedcommunicationtoo.Rhythmicdrumbeatsandcallsorganizedtheactionsandmovementsofgroupsduringhuntsorbattle.Singingwhileworkingmadelaborlessboring.Mothersmayhavesungprimitivetunestochildrenasanearlyformofemotionalcommunication.18Groupmember’sbeatingdrumsandmakingnoiseduringthenightsignaledthattheywerealert(警覺的)andreadytofightsurpriseenemy.Youngnightwatchmensangtoindicatetheywereawake.Soldiersguardingterritoryusedinstrumentstosendwarningcallsacrosslongerdistances.Inalltheseways,musicincreasedsurvivalchancesinhumanevolution.Naturalselectionthenembedded(嵌入)thecapacityformusicintoourbiology.Supportingthis,scientistshavediscoveredspecificregionsofthebraindevotedtomusicalprocessing.Childrenhaveaninbornabilitytodetectmusicalpatternsanddifferenttonalpitches.19Sonexttimeyoufindyourselfsingingalongtoaneasytune,rememberyouareusinganevolutionaryheritagewhichgoesthroughthousandyears!Musicispartofwhatmakesusuniquehuman.Inthepast,ourStoneAgeancestorssanganddrummedbecauseitincreasedsurvival.20A．Musicalsostrengtheneddefenses.B．Musiccanbringhumansalotofjoy.C．Musicalsohelpedtowinthebattle.D．Butscientistsbelievemusicitselfcouldbemucholderthanthat.E．Weconnectwithmusicnowsimplybecauseweareborntodoso.F．Evenpatientswithseveredementia(癡呆)respondactivelytotheirfavoritechildhoodsongs.G．Thisallowedgroupstocooperatebetterinhunting,children-caringandprotectionagainstoutsidethreats.三、完形填空（本大題共1小題）PreetChandi,anAsianwoman,returnedfromatrek(徒步旅行)acrossGreenlandlastyear.Shehopesto21anunsupportedtrekacrossAntareticatothesouthpolebyherself.The700-milejourneywilltakeabout45days.Shewillfacethe22coldof-50℃whiledraggingasled(拖拽雪橇)weighing95kgaftershe23.PreetChandi24itisatoughjourneybutshefeelswellpreparedafteryearsof25.Inrecentweeksshehasbeen26tyresaroundthestreetsnearherhome.Shehasreceivedanumberofcuriousquestionsfrom27.“Ifyoucomefromacommunitythathasnosenseof28atall,itcanbereallyhard,”shesaid,addingthatanumberofpeoplethoughtshewasto29forSouthall,inwestLondon,nottothesouthpole.“It’sjustbeyondtheir30.”Inthesouthpole,onemay31nothinginfrontfordaysexceptsnow.Itisquiteamental32.Thus,herpartnerhasleftmessagesinsidehertent,whilefriendshave33voicenotesforhertolistentoonthejourney.Whenshereturns,sheplanstoputasidesomemoneyto34morewomentotryoutdooradventures.Sheispleasedtoseechangeinwhathas35beenamale-dominated(主導)area.Whataninspiringwoman!21．A．apply B．design C．complete D．introduce22．A．refreshing B．extreme C．bearable D．slight23．A．fallsdown B．checksout C．setsoff D．turnsup24．A．admits B．doubts C．hopes D．prays25．A．working B．adjustment C．struggle D．training26．A．buying B．dragging C．painting D．collecting27．A．passers-by B．explorers C．visitors D．cyclists28．A．activities B．adventures C．competitions D．sports29．A．push B．run C．head D．look30．A．control B．ability C．reach D．knowledge31．A．make B．taste C．see D．smell32．A．challenge B．trouble C．dilemma D．success33．A．played B．recorded C．presented D．taken34．A．remind B．persuade C．command D．fund35．A．seldom B．morally C．legally D．typically四、語篇填空（本大題共1小題）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。MaMianQun,alsoknownasHorseFaceSkirt,isatraditionalChineseskirtdatingbacktotheHanDynasty.Itshows36uniquestructuraldesignthatcombinespracticalitywithelegance.Traditionally,theHorseFaceSkirtiscomposedoftwopartsofcloththatwrap(包裹)aroundthelowerbodywithaseriesofpleats(褶皺),37(offer)aglimpseofthewearer’sgracewitheverystep.TheHorseFaceSkirtisnotjustapieceofclothing38asymbolofChineseheritage.InChineseculture,silk,39wasthemostrevered(尊崇的)clothinancientChina,40(choose)formakingitinthepast,particularlyfortheupperclassofsociety,whilethecolorsused,suchasredandyellow,were41(deep)tiedtoluckandsocialrankthen.Intoday’sfashionworld,designersfrequentlydraw42(inspire)fromtheHorseFaceSkirt,skillfullyaddingitstraditionalfeatures43theirdesigns,andbroadening44(it)beautytomodernaudience.Now,moreandmoreteenagersareeagertointroducethetraditionaldressingtoallovertheworldby45(wear)itinthepublic.It’sbecomingaworldwidetrend.五、書信寫作（本大題共1小題）46．假定你是李華，你的愛爾蘭筆友Adam熱衷于中國歷史文化和名勝古跡。他計劃今年五一假期來華旅游，希望你給他推薦旅游城市。請你給他寫一封郵件，內容包括：1、表示歡迎；2、推薦旅游城市；3、表達祝愿。注意：1、寫作詞數應為80個左右；2、請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。DearAdam,______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua六、書面表達（本大題共1小題）47．閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。ItwasawarmSunday.16-year-oldStellasettleddownwithabook,enjoyingherquietmomentwhenherfriendBogcameoverwithhis6-year-oldsister.“Stella,please!IneedyoutohelptowatchHazel!Ihavealecturetoattendthisafternoon,”Bogbegged.Stellafrowned,notthrilledwiththeideaofbabysittingalittlegirl.However,Bogdidn’tofferheranyotherchoice.HedroppedHazeloffwithStellaandquicklyranawaybeforeshecouldreact.Withaheavysigh,StellaunwillinglyturnedherattentiontoHazel.“Fine,juststaythereanddon’tcauseanytrouble,”shegrumbled(嘟囔).Tohersurprise,littleHazelsmiledandobedientlysatbythetable,drawingquietlywithoutmakingasinglenoise.Forthenexthour,StellawasquietlyengagedinreadingwithoutbeingdisturbedbyHazel.Gradually,herannoyancedisappearedandshegotaccustomedtothecompanyofHazel.Afterawhile,HazelcautiouslyapproachedStella,holdingapicture.“Look,it’syouandme,”shesaidinalowvoice.Itwasasimpledrawingoftwogirls,handinhand,smiling.Stella’sheartsoftenedasshelookedatthedrawing.ShefeltguiltyabouttreatingHazelimpatiently.Settingherbookaside,Stellasmiledwarmlyandsaid,“Iloveit.Thankyou!”ThenStellabegantojoinHazeltocreateittogether.Justastheywerelostinaworldofcolors,asuddenphoneringingbrokethewarmatmosphere.Itwasaphonecallfromherfriend,remindingheraboutthelong-awaitedplantogoskatingontheicerink(溜冰場).Stella’sheartsankbecauseshehadforgottenallaboutit.ShewastornbetweenthedesiretogoskatingandherdutytolookafterHazel.Shewasalsoworriedthattakinghertoskatewouldpreventherfromenjoyinggliding(滑)freelyontheice.注意：1、續寫詞數應為150個左右；2、請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。AsStellahesitated,Hazellookedupatherwithhopefuleyes.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________HazeladmiringlywatchedStellaandherfriendsglidingontheice.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

參考答案【答案】1．D2．A3．C【分析】這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了到巴黎旅行時一些建議，包括做計劃、訂機票和安排行程等方面。【解析】1．細節理解題。根據Planningyourtrip下的“Apassportcosts$110andtakes6~8weekstoarriveafteryouapply.(護照費用為110美元，申請后需要6~8周才能到達)”可知，辦一本護照要110美元。故選D項。2．細節理解題。根據SeetheNotreDameCathedral.下的“Atpresent,theNotreDameCathedralisnotaccessibletotouristsduetothefirethatruinedpartsofthecathedral.However,youcanstillvisittheoutsideofthecathedral.(目前，由于大火燒毀了大教堂的一部分，巴黎圣母院無法向游客開放。然而，你仍然可以參觀大教堂的外部)”可知，TheNotreDameCathedral目前不對游客開放。故選A項。3．細節理解題。根據VisittheEiffelTower.下的“TheEiffelToweristhemostrecognizablesymbolofParis.Toavoidthecrowds,gototheEiffelTowerearlyinthemorning.(埃菲爾鐵塔是巴黎最著名的標志。為了避開擁擠的人群，早上去埃菲爾鐵塔)”可知，清晨是參觀埃菲爾鐵塔的最佳時間。故選C項。【答案】4．B5．C6．C7．D【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。主要講述的是作者與父親溝通交流的變化過程。【解析】4．細節理解題。根據第二段中的“WhenImovedoutonmyown,Icalledhimatleastonceaweek,usuallywhensomethingbrokeinmyapartmentandIneededtoknowhowtofixit:thetoilet,theair-conditioning,thewall,once,whenIthrewashoeataterrifyingspider.(當我自己搬出去的時候，我每周至少給他打一次電話，通常是在我的公寓里有什么東西壞了，我需要知道如何修理的時候：廁所、空調、墻壁；還有一次，我向一只可怕的蜘蛛扔了一只鞋。)”可知，作者給父親打電話是因為房子東西壞了，需要知道怎么修，家里有蟲子該怎么處理，由此可推斷，作者打電話是向父親尋求知識。故選B。5．細節理解題。根據倒數第三段中的“Ilovedmydad,ofcourse,butIwonderedattimesifmaybehehadalreadysharedeverythingIneededtoknow.MaybeI’dheardallhisstories.Maybe,afterknowingamanfor40years,there’snothinglefttosay.(當然，我愛我的父親，但我有時會想，也許他已經把我需要知道的一切都告訴了我。也許我聽過他所有的故事。也許，在認識一個男人40年之后，就沒什么可說的了。)”可知，作者覺得自己知道了需要知道的，認識父親40年也沒有什么要說的了，由此可知在作者再次搬回父母家里居住前，她覺得與父親沒什么可說的原因是作者認為可向父親學習的東西不多了。故選C。6．詞句猜測題。根據最后一段的“Afewweekslater,aftermyfamilyandImovedbackintoourpaintedhouse,Icalledmyparents.“Hi,sweets,”hesaid.“Here’sMom.”“Wait,Dad,”Isaid.“Howareyou?”Weendeduptalkingabouteverythinghewasworkingon.(幾個星期后，我和家人搬回粉刷過的房子后，我給父母打了電話。“嗨，甜心，”他說。“這是媽媽。“等等，爸爸，”我說。“你好嗎？”我們聊了聊他正在做的事情。)”可知，作者在父母居住幾周回去后，打電話時父親說“你媽媽來了”，要把電話交給媽媽，但這次作者阻止了他，想與他繼續交流，由此可知，劃線部分的意思應為“把電話交給你的母親”。故選C。7．推理判斷題。根據第一段“Inmyteenyears,hetaughtmethingsI’dneedtoknowtosurviveintherealworld:howtodriveastickshift,howtocheckthecartyre’s(輪胎)pressure,andthecorrectknifetousetocutacantaloupe.(在我十幾歲的時候，他教會了我在現實世界中生存所需要知道的事情:如何駕駛手動擋，如何檢查汽車輪胎的壓力，以及如何用正確的刀切哈密瓜。)”可知，作者的爸爸很有經驗，且教會作者這么多生活技能，這是父親愛子女的表現，因此用loving(充滿愛的)和experienced(有經驗的)來描述作者的父親。故選D。【答案】8．D9．D10．C11．B【分析】本文是一篇說明文。本文闡述的是一種誘餌效應：當我們在做出選擇時，受大腦分配價值方式的影響，在有更多選擇的時候，我們會被最接近劣勢的選項所吸引。【解析】8．推理判斷題。根據第二段“Actually,there’sagoodchancethatthemarketingdepartmentpurposelypricedthemediumsodaasadecoy(誘餌),makingyoumorelikelytobuythelargesodaratherthanthesmall.(實際上，很有可能是營銷部門故意給中號蘇打水定價作為誘餌，讓你更有可能買大杯蘇打水而不是小杯。)”可知，商店會提供第三種選擇——中杯蘇打水是為了引導消費者購買更高利潤的大杯汽水，也就是為了賺更多的錢，故選D。9．推理判斷題。根據第三段的“Arielyrananexperimentandfoundthatwhenonlythetwo“real”choiceswereoffered,morepeoplechosetheless-expensivedigitalsubscription.However,thebadoptionincreasedpeople’slikelihoodofselectingtheexpensiveprintplusdigitaloption.(Ariely做了一個實驗，發現當只提供兩種“真實”的選擇時，更多的人選擇了更便宜的數字訂閱。然而，糟糕的選擇增加了人們選擇昂貴的印刷加數字選擇的可能性。)”可知，實驗結果表明，這種促銷的方式應該是見效的。故選D。10．推理判斷題。根據文章首段的具體實例講述的是消費者在面對消費選擇時的最終選擇結果，以及DanAriely所做的實驗內容和最后一段中的“Marketingprofessorscallitthedecoyeffect,whichiscertainlyeasiertoremember.(市場營銷學教授稱之為誘餌效應，這當然更容易記住。)”可知，文章所涉及的信息都與消費者的消費選擇和市場營銷策略有關系，由此可推斷，文章很有可能出現在與消費者相關的網站，因此可能在/money網站上看到這篇文章。故選C。11．細節理解題。根據倒數第二段中的“However,thebadoptionincreasedpeople’slikelihoodofselectingtheexpensiveprintplusdigitaloption.(然而，糟糕的選擇增加了人們選擇昂貴的印刷加數字選擇的可能性。)”和最后一段中的“Valueisrarelyabsolute;rather,wedecideanobject’svaluerelativetootherchoices.Ifmoreoptionsareintroduced,thevalueequation(方程)changes.(價值很少是絕對的；相反，我們決定一個對象相對于其他選擇的價值。如果引入更多選項，則價值方程會發生變化。)”可知，我們通常通過與其他選擇進行比較來評估產品的價值。故選B。【答案】12．A13．C14．A15．D【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了，東京大學的日本科學家開發了一種新型環保塑料材料，這種材料更容易分解，可以自我愈合并記住過去的形狀。【解析】12．推理判斷題。由第一段中“However,JapanesescientistsattheUniversityofTokyohavedevelopedanewplasticmaterialthatcanbebrokendownmoreeasilyandcanself-healandrememberpastshapes.(然而，東京大學的日本科學家開發了一種新的塑料材料，這種材料更容易分解，可以自我愈合并記住過去的形狀)”和下文段落對這種新型環保材料優點的介紹可知，第一段目的在于介紹本文的主題——一種新型環保塑料材料。故選A項。13．詞句猜測題。由第二段中“Oncescratched(刮劃)withaknife,itcancompletelypatchitselfupafterbeingheatedto150℃forjust60seconds.Whenshapedintotheshapeofacrane,thenflattened,itcanfolditselfbackintothecraneshapebybeingheatedup.(一旦用刀刮傷，加熱到150℃只需60秒，它就可以完全patchitselfup。當它被塑造成突兀的形狀，然后被壓平時，它可以通過加熱將自己折疊回鶴的形狀)”和第四段中“Itcanalsorepairitself,andcanrecoveritsoriginalmemorizedshape.(它還可以自我修復，并可以恢復其記憶中的原始形狀)”可知，這種新型環保塑料材料通過加熱能回到之前的形狀，結合選項，可推斷出一旦這種新型環保塑料材料被刀刮傷，加熱到150℃只需60秒，它就可以完全修復，劃線詞意為“自行修復(Repairitself)”。故選C項。14．細節理解題。由第三段中“Itbiodegraded(生物降解)by25%andreleasedsomethingthatiseatableforoceanlife.(它能生物降解25%，并釋放出海洋生物可以食用的東西)”和第四段中“Itevenbiodegradessafelyinaoceanenvironment,accordingtoShotaAndo,aresearcherofthestudy.(該研究的研究員ShotaAndo表示，它甚至在海洋環境中安全地生物降解)”可知，新型環保塑料材料能給海洋生物提供所必需的食物分子，在海洋中安全地生物降解，它對海洋中的動物來說是安全的。故選A項。15．主旨大意題。由第一段中“However,JapanesescientistsattheUniversityofTokyohavedevelopedanewplasticmaterialthatcanbebrokendownmoreeasilyandcanself-healandrememberpastshapes.(然而，東京大學的日本科學家開發了一種新的塑料材料，這種材料更容易分解，可以自我愈合并記住過去的形狀)”和下文段落對這種新型環保材料優點的介紹可知，本文介紹了一種新型環保塑料材料及其優點，D項“一種新型環保塑料”符合文意。故選D項。【答案】16．D17．G18．A19．F20．E【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要探討了音樂的起源、發展以及在人類文化中的重要性，從史前時代到現代社會，音樂如何影響人類生活，并解釋了為什么音樂會成為人類體驗中如此重要的一部分。【解析】16．根據前文“Theoldestdiscoveredmusicalinstrumentsdatebackover40,000yearstotheStoneAge.(發現的最古老的樂器可以追溯到4萬多年前的石器時代)”以及后文“Itoriginatedalongsidelanguageinearlyhumancommunication.Whydidmusicbecomesowellconnectedintothehumanexperienceoverthelonghistory?(它起源于早期人類交流中的語言。為什么在漫長的歷史中，音樂與人類的經歷如此緊密地聯系在一起?)”可知，前句在講樂器，后文開始講述音樂，所以空處應是過渡句，從樂器過渡到音樂，D項“Butscientistsbelievemusicitselfcouldbemucholderthanthat.(但科學家認為，音樂本身可能比這更古老)”符合文意，that代指上文提到的最古老的樂器，承接上文，引出下文。故選D項。17．根據前文“Inprehistorictimes,musicpromotedtightersocialbondingbetweengroupmembers.Singinganddrummingtogetherreleasedchemicalslikedopamineandendorphins,inducingpositiveemotionsthatstrengthenedsocialconnections.(在史前時代，音樂促進了群體成員之間更緊密的社會聯系。一起唱歌和打鼓會釋放多巴胺和內啡肽等化學物質，引發積極的情緒，加強社會聯系)”可知，此處在講述史前時代，音樂對人的好處，所以G項“Thisallowedgroupstocooperatebetterinhunting,children-caringandprotectionagainstoutsidethreats.(這使得群體在狩獵、照顧孩子和抵御外部威脅方面能夠更好地合作)”符合本段主題，是講述前文提到的“加強社會聯系的”所引發的好處。故選G項。18．設空位于段首，為本段中心句。根據后文“Groupmember’sbeatingdrumsandmakingnoiseduringthenightsignaledthattheywerealert(警覺的)andreadytofightsurpriseenemy.Youngnightwatchmensangtoindicatetheywereawake.Soldiersguardingterritoryusedinstrumentstosendwarningcallsacrosslongerdistances.(小組成員在夜間敲鼓和制造噪音，表明他們是警覺的，準備打擊突然的敵人。年輕的守夜人唱歌表明他們醒了。守衛領地的士兵使用儀器遠距離發送警告信號)”可知，本段主要講述了音樂在防御外敵方面的好處，所以A項“Musicalsostrengtheneddefenses.(音樂也加強了防御)”符合主題，為本段中心句。故選A項。19．根據前文“Inalltheseways,musicincreasedsurvivalchancesinhumanevolution.Naturalselectionthenembedded(嵌入)thecapacityformusicintoourbiology.Supportingthis,scientistshavediscoveredspecificregionsofthebraindevotedtomusicalprocessing.Childrenhave