中考英語專題第8講動詞的時態知識講解動詞的時態：初中階段學習的時態有以下八種：一般現在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現在進行時、過去進行時、現在完成時、過去完成時、過去將來時。前六種為?？紩r態，要掌握各時態的構成、用法以及標志性時間狀語。知識點1:一般現在時謂語形式用法例句動詞原形或第三人稱單數形式（do/does）表示經?；蛄晳T性的動作。I

often

go

to

school

at

seven.我經常在七點鐘去上學。表示現在的狀態。It

is

twelve

o’clock

now.現在12點了。表示主語具備的性格、能力、特征等。He

looks

like

his

father.他看起來像他爸爸。表示客觀事實和普遍真理。The

sun

rises

in

the

east

and

sets

in

the

west.太陽東升西落。在時間、條件狀語從句中，代替一般將來時。If

it

doesn’t

rain

tomorrow,I

will

leave.如果明天不下雨我將離開。go,e,leave,arrive等動詞常用一般現在時表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。The

train

to

Beijing

leaves

at

5:30.開往北京的火車5:30離開。時間標志always,usually,often,sometimes,every

day/year/week,on

Sundays,twice

a

week...典型例題例1：Myfatherisateacherandhe_________(teach)inamiddleschool.變式題1：Yesterdaytheteachertoldustheearth_______(go)aroundthesun.變式題2：—Whenshallwebeginourmeeting?—We’llbeginitwhenHelen____________.AesB.cameC.willeDe變式題3：—Howdoyouusuallygotoschool?—Iusually___toschoolonfoot.A.goB.wentC.wasgoingD.willgo知識點2：一般過去時謂語形式用法例句動詞的過去式（did）表示過去某個時間里發生的動作或存在的狀態。I

met

him

in

the

street

yesterday.昨天我在街上遇見他了。表示過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為，常和often,always等頻度副詞連用。He

often

went

to

school

by

bus

last

term.上學期他經常乘公共汽車去上學。時間標志yesterday,the

day

before

yesterday,last

night/week/year,a

moment

ago,just

now,then,in

2000,when

he

was

very

young...,theotherday......典型例題例2：Mike________(notgo)tobeduntil12o’clocklastnight.變式題1：HeaskedifI___________(be)astudent.變式題2：Willyoupleasesayitagain?I________quite________you.A.don’t;hearB.didn’t;hearC.don’t;heardD.didn’t;heard變式題3：He_________gooutwithhisparents,butnowhe__________stayingathomealone.A.usedto;isusedtoB.isusedto;usedtoC.useto;isusedtoD.usedto;usedto知識點3：一般將來時謂語形式用法例句will/shall+動詞原形(shall用于第一人稱)；be

(am/is/are)going

to+動詞原形表示將來某個時間將要發生的動作或存在的狀態。My

friends

will

go

to

America

in

two

days.兩天后我的朋友們將去美國。Look！It’s

going

to

rain.瞧，要下雨了。表示按計劃、打算要做的事，多用be

going

to。I’m

going

to

climb

the

mountain

thisafternoon.今天下午我打算去爬山。時間標志tomorrow,next

week/month/year,in

a

few

days(in+時間段),in

the

future,from

now

on,soon...要點提醒：begoingto與will的區別1.begoingto指已計劃好的事或思考過的意圖、打算，will表示未事先思考或未計劃而臨時做出的決定。如：I’mgoingtoseehimtomorrow.我打算明天去看他。（事先經過思考）I’llanswerthedoor.我去開門。（未經事先考慮）2.begoingto可表示客觀跡象表明馬上要發生的事，而will則表明說話者的主觀意愿。如：Lookattheclouds.Thereisgoingtobeastorm.看看這些云，暴風雨就要來了。（客觀跡象表明要發生）Ihopeitwillbewarmtomorrow.我希望明天會暖和起來。（主觀意愿）3.在含有條件狀語從句的復合句的主句中，一般用will，不用begoingto。如：Iwilleifitdoesn’train.如果不下雨的話，我就來。典型例題例3：____aconcertinourschoolnextSaturday.A.ThereisB.ThereareC.TherewillbeD.Therewillhave變式題1：Iftheycanarriveby9:00am,we___ameeting.A.haveB.willhaveC.hadD.wouldhave變式題2：He___herabeautifulhatonhernextbirthday.A.givesB.gaveC.willgivingD.isgoingtogive知識點4：現在進行時謂語形式用法例句am/is/are+現在分詞（doing）表示說話時正在進行的動作。They

are

watching

TV

now.他們正在看電視。表示當前一段時間內的活動或現階段正在進行的動作（常與these

days等連用）。These

days

we’re

working

on

the

farm.這些天我們在農場干活。與always,forever等詞連用表示贊揚、厭惡或不滿等情感。Alice

is

always

thinking

of

others.艾麗斯總是想著別人。表示位置移動的動詞，如e,go,leave,arrive等常用現在進行時表示最近即將發生的動作。I’m

ing.我這就來。We

are

leaving

tomorrow.我們明天將離開。時間標志now,Look！,Listen！,at

the/this

moment...典型例題例4：They____________（have)amathtestintheclassroomnow.變式題1：Look!He___________(lie)onthebeach.變式題2：—Passtheraincoattome.It___hardnow.—Hereyouare.A.rainB.israiningC.rainedD.willrain變式題3：—Cathy,canyouanswerthedoor?I________theroom.—I’ming,Mum.A.CleanB.cleanedC.havecleanedD.amcleaning知識點5：過去進行時謂語形式用法例句was/were+現在分詞（doing）表示過去某一時刻或某段時間內正在進行的動作(動作發生的時間常用一個短語或時間狀語從句來表明)。I

was

watching

TV

at

eight

o’clock

last

night.昨天晚上八點我正在看電視。She

was

reading

books

all

day

last

Saturday.上周六她一整天都在看書。與always,forever等詞連用表示贊揚、厭惡或不滿等情感。He

was

forever

plaining

about

something.他老是怨這怨那。時間標志at

that

time,at

this

time

yesterday,at

9:00

last

night,from

nine

to

ten

last

night,when/while

引導的時間狀語從句等典型例題例5：.MikeandI____________(play)basketballatthattimeyesterdayafternoon.變式題1：WhileMr.Johnson______________(work)intheoffice,thephonerang.變式題2：Thegirl___________forthebuswhentherainstormcame.A.waitedB.havewaitedC.iswaitingD.waswaiting變式題3：—Jenny,Icalledyouatninelastnight,butyoudidn’tpickup.—Oh,I__________apopularprogramcalledGoFighting!.A.watchB.watchedC.waswatchingD.amwatching知識點6：現在完成時謂語形式用法例句have/has+過去分詞表示過去發生或完成的某一動作對現在造成的影響或結果。I

have

seen

the

film

already.我已經看過這部電影了。（已知電影內容）表示過去開始的動作或狀態，一直持續到現在乃至將來（謂語常用延續性動詞，與so

far,since/for...連用）。I

have

studied

in

the

school

since

2009.自從2009年我就在這所學校學習。時間標志already,just,yet,so

far,up

to

now,ever,since

then,in/during

the

past...years,“since+過去時間點”,“since+一般過去時從句”,“for+時間段”...典型例題例6：—you_____yourhomeworkyet?—Yes.I______itamomentago.A.Did;do;finishedB.Have;done;finishedC.Have;done;havefinishedD.Will;do;finish變式題1：Hisfather___thePartysince1978.A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin變式題2：MissGreenisn’tintheoffice.She______tothelibrary.A.hasgoneB.wentC.willgoD.hasbeen知識點7：過去完成時謂語形式用法例句圖示had+過去分詞表示在過去的過去發生的動作或存在的狀態。I

had

had

three

pieces

of

cake

when

you

arrived.你來的時候我已經吃了三塊蛋糕了。表示過去某一動作或狀態持續到過去另一時間。The

old

man

had

lived

in

Shanghai

for

ten

years

before

Tom

came

here.湯姆來這兒之前，這個老人已經住在上海十年了。時間標志by

the

time...,before,when等構成的短語或引導的從句典型例題在我們到達電影院之前，電影已經開始了。Thefilm__________beforewe_______tothecinema.2.警察趕到時，小偷已經逃跑了。Whenthepolice__________,thethief____________________.小試牛刀【中考示例】(廣西)Ifhe___________Guilin,he’llprobablygotoYangshuo.A.visitsB.isvisitingC.willvisitD.hasvisited【解析】A。考查動詞的時態。句意：如果他游覽桂林，他有可能會去陽朔。if引導條件狀語從句時，時態遵循“主將從現”原則，從句中用一般現在時表示將來。1.(甘肅)IpromiseI__________（send)youanemailtoexplainallofthesetomorrow.2.(甘肅)Bequiet!Thepatients______________（sleep).3.(鄂州)Sandy’sgrandparents_____________（marry)for50years.4.(臺州)Atruefriendalways__________（support)youwheneveryouareintrouble.5.(宿遷)I___________（wash)thedisheswhilemysisterwassweepingthefloor.6.(云南)—Whatdoyouthinkofyourhometown,Kate?—It______alot.It’smorebeautifulthanbefore.A.haschangedB.changesC.willchangeD.change7.(武漢)—Lindaisnotingforthepartytonight.—Butshe______！A.promisesB.promisedC.willpromiseD.hadpromised8.(畢節)It’snicetoseeyouagain.We___eachothersince2016.A.won’tseeB.haven’tseenC.don’tseeD.didn’tsee9.(黔東南)Ifitdoesn’trainthisweekend,we___apicnicintheJinquanPark.A.haveB.willhaveC.havehadD.had10.(上海)Someexchangestudents___withtheirhostfamiliesthistimeyesterday.A.arechattingB.willchatC.werechattingD.havechatted課堂練習1.(重慶B卷)—Whereisyouruncle?Ihaven’tseenhimforalongtime.—He__________Beijingforabouthalfayear.HemovedthereinJanuary.A.hasgonetoB.hasbeentoC.hasarrivedinD.hasbeenin2.(重慶B卷)JohnandI________tovisithisgrandparentslastSundayafternoon.A.goB.wentC.willgoD.havegone3.(重慶A卷)Inthepastfewyears,manyschools_______thewaysofdoingmorningexercises.A.changeB.changesC.willchangeD.havechanged4.(重慶A卷)Assoonastherain________,theywillgoouttopickapples.A.stopsB.stoppedC.willstopD.isstopping5.(河北)Don’ttakethedictionaryaway.I________it.A.useB.usedC.amusingD.haveused6.（徐州樹人二模）Iwillemailmyprojectplantoyouassoonasit_________tonight.A.finishesB.isfinishedC.willfinishD.willbefinished7.（徐州）China’shighspeedrailways_____from9,000to29,000kilometersinthepastfewyears.A.aregrowingB.weregrowingC.willgrowD.havegrown8.（鎮江）Oh！What’swrongwithyourfinger?IhurtitwhileI______amodelplane.A.madeB.wasmakingC.ammakingD.make出門測1.Amotherwho________hersonwilldoeverythingforhishappiness.A.islovingB.lovesC.lovedD.hasloved2.LookatJohn!What________?A.doesheB.heisdoingC.ishedoingD.doeshedo3.He________homefornearlythreeweeks.A.hasgoneawayfromB.hasleftC.hasbeenawayfromD.wentawayfrom4.Sinceyoudon'twanttogo,I________alone.A.willgoB.goC.wentD.havegone5.Theywantedtoknowwhenthey________haveanexamination.A.hadgonetoB.weregoingtoC.wouldbegoingD.hadbeengoing6.He________outwhensomebodycalledathisoffice.A.hasjustgoneB.hadjustgoneC.justwentD.justnowwent7.（南京）Wendy,howlonghaveyouhadtheHuaweiP30Pro?Acoupleofyears.I________itlastweek.A.boughtB.buyC.willbuyD.havebought8.（淮安）Whatisyourmotherdoing,Linda?She_____dinnerinthekitchennow.A.iscookingB.wascookingC.cookD.cooking課后作業一.用括號內所給詞的適當形式填空1.Nocountry__________(make)suchgreatprogressasChinainthethirtyyears.2.Thelittlegirlwillgivetheflowertotheherowhenhe____________(appear).3.Hesaidthathe___________(e)backinfiveminutes.4.MybrotherlikesEnglishverymuch,andhe__________(practice)readingeverymorning.5.Hesaidhe___________(go)tovisitthewriter.6.Mr.Brownsaidhewouldcallusassoonashe_________(arrive)inBeijingthenextday.7.Hemetmanyproblemswhilehe__________(go)overhislessons.8.Ididn’tknowthatyou__________(be)intheroom.二、完形填空ItwasasunnySundayafternoon.John’sparentswerenotin.John___1___togototheHappyTheatertowatchatalentshow,sohe___2___home.OnlyBarky,John’spetdogstayedathome.JustafterJohnleft,abadman___3___thewindow,andthenhe___4___intothehousethroughit.He___5___forexpensivethingsintherooms.Hefoundsomemoneyinthebox.He__6___themoney,butashe___7___,heheardadog’sbarking(叫聲).Helookedar