WhyinEnglish?Anyoneshouldfacechallenge:Noonecanescapefromitincludingme!PKUneeded:theformerPresidentZhihongXU:15%Worldlevelbeginsfromitsinternationalculture!Internationality:TokyoUniv.inEnglish:occupytop31intheworldHowinChina,inPKU?29SeminarsintheworldtointroduceourtoplevelachievementsandadvancedconceptionsWhyinEnglish?forevaluation:Chinanativescholar:somewhatwritingstylebutafraidofmouthopenChinastudents:goodspeakingfordailylifeButpoortothinkingtowritingEveryonebetterthanmineinEnglish:daretoopenyourmouthMydream:gotoabroad1orevenhalfyearlong!Tooheavyburdenonstudents’trainingtorealizeitWhyinEnglish?PS(postscript):YourEnglishlevelhasnorelationshipwithyourfinalscores!Neverafraidofitsunderstanding:EachcourseI’lltrytoconcludetherelatedChaptersinChinese.Whatmanner,howlong?Wecanpracticeit.KennethR.Castleman

DigitalImageProcessing

TsinghuaUniversityPress

PEARSONPRENTICEHALL

2003Whychoosethisbook?Whychoosethisbook?AllelementsinbookcomefromhisNASAsatelliteandthenmedicineaffairs,-thetop2fieldsfortheDIP(DigitalImageProcessing)-evenhaven’tRSwordforitstitlethenumberstobechosentolearninUSAUniversitiesistoponeforDIPWhychoosethisbook?TheauthorworkedinhisalllifeforDigitalImagingProcess(DIP)tohavethesolebook!Eachchapterhasquestionsandcodingprograms-allfromhispractice-allisoriginal:nomatching,norepairedHumanInformation:Twopoints80%relatedtotimeandlocation80%expressedbyImageTogetherthey:bothrelyonSISi.e.SpatialInformationScienceSISIncludes:

RemoteSensing(RS)GeographicInformationSystem(GIS)GlobalNavigationSatelliteSystem(GNSS)Communication(C)3S&Cor3SWhychoosethiscourse?Whychoosethiscourse?OurgreatIRSGIS:RStoGISFromObtaintoapplicationFromSourcetoresultFromOriginaltofinalLinkthemtogetheronebyonedot:GNSSornavigationWhychoosethiscourse?Proudit,tryyourbesttoutilityandlearnitForyourownfutureNeverforgetitsapplication,resultandfinalTopersuadeyourGISroommatesnevermindofwhetherornotitisdegreecourse!ForhisorherownfutureNeverlostdataobtainedmanner,i.e.sourceandoriginalWhatisAdvancedRSDIP?Alwaysforwhy,neveronlyforwhatitisFocusontheirtheoryexplainIfyoudidn’tlearnRSDISbefore,pleasestoptolearningitaloneAtleasttolearnthemastercourse“experimentsfortheRSDIP”inanywhereOrthebachelordegreecourse“PrincipleofRSDIP”thisornexttermbyteacherHongyingZHAOandIwith3creditscoresWhatisAdvancedRSDIP?Un-lucky:soldover1-Kenneth.R.Castleman，DigitalImageProcessing，PearsonEducationInc.，1996Haveto:buy4-RafaelC.Gonzalez，DigitalImageProcessing（SecondEdition）PearsonEducationInc.，2002Aim:handbook,dictionary2-晏磊等，高級(jí)遙感數(shù)字圖像處理數(shù)學(xué)物理教程，北京大學(xué)出版社，2016You:buy4,obtain2trytobuy1,aftercourseformepayyou50FoundationCh1~4ImagingSystem,Digitalization,Display,SoftwareCh5~8Histogram,PointOperations,AlgebraicOperations,GeometricOperationsTheoryCh9~12LinearSystem,FourierFrequencyTransform,FilterDesign,DiscreteSamplingCh13~15OrthogonalRadicleTransform,WaveletTime-frequencyTransform,OpticalFunctionTransformApplicationCh16~20ImageRestoration,Compression,PatternRecognitionCh21~22ColorandMulti-SpectralImageProcessing,ThreeDimensionImageProcessingWhatisAdvancedRSDIP?Chapter1

ImagesandDigitalProcessingOutlineTheTerminologyofDigitalImageProcessingResearchContentsResearchApproachesTheSequenceofDigitalImageProcessingDigitalImageProcessingSystemApplicationsTheTerminologyofDigitalImageProcessingDigitalimageprocessing:toproduceamodifiedimagefromanoriginalone.Itisaprocessthattakesanimageintoanotherone.Digitalimageanalysis:totakeadigitalimageintosomethingotherthanadigitalimage,suchasasetofmeasurementdataoradecision.Computergraphics:theprocessinganddisplayofimagesofthingsthatexistconceptuallyorbymathematicaldescriptionsratherthansolidobjects.Computervision:thesystemtointerpretthecontentofnaturalscenes.TheTerminologyofDigitalImageProcessingDigitizing:theprocesstoconvertanimagefromitsoriginalformintodigitalone.Scanning:selectiveaddressingofspecificlocationswithinthedomainofanimage.Pixel:eachofthesmallestsub-regionsaddressedinthescanningprocess.Sampling:measurementofthegraylevelateachpixellocationofanimage.Quantization:therepresentationofameasuredvaluebyaninteger.TheTerminologyofDigitalImageProcessingContrast:thebiggestamplitudeofgray-leveldifferenceswithinanimage.Gray-scaleresolution:thenumberofgraylevelsperunitofmeasureofimageamplitude.Samplingdensity:thenumberofsamplepointsperunitofmeasureinthedomainoftheimage.Magnificationrate:thesizerelationshipbetweentheobjectsinanimageandtherealobjectsinthescene.Noise:additive

something,thatistheadditivecontaminationoftheoriginalimage.LocationelementGrayelementforimagebrightnessDigitalArraySamplepointaddressofscanninglinewithrowandcolumnnumbersGraylevelsforphysicalbrightnessofanimageTheTerminologyofDigitalImageProcessingGray-scaleresolution:variablegraylevelineachpixel.Storingadigitalimagein8-bitperbyte,forexample,yieldsa256-levelgrayscale.Itisthereciprocalofthegeneral“resolution”conceptionandcorrespondingtoitsrangeinthegeneralone.samplingdensity:pixel/mmordpi(dotperinch)speciallyforoutputdevices.Nowthat:1inch=25.4mm,4pixels(4line)/mmapproximates100dpi.Thehighestresolutionofanphotosensitiveimage:130line-pair/mm.Itequalsto3,000dpiapproximately.TheTerminologyofDigitalImageProcessingResearchContentsDigitizingImagesImageEnhancementImageRestorationImageEncodingImageAnalysisResearchApproachesContinuousApproachesTheimageisoftendescribedbycontinuousfunctions.Theimageprocessingturnstheoperationofthesecontinuousfunctions.DiscreteApproachesThedigitalimageisconsideredasasetofdiscretesamplepoints,eachhavingitsindividualidentity.Theimageprocessingoperationbecomesthemanipulationofthesediscreteunits.ContinuousorDiscrete?Digitalimageprocessinghasbothcontinuousanddiscretefeatures.Some(discrete)algorithmsarebasedontheanalysisofcontinuousfunctions.Otheralgorithmsareproductivelyformedbylogicaloperationsamongindividualpixels.Bothtwodevelopmentscandescribesameprocessandleadtosamesolution.Ifcontinuousordiscreteapproachisemphasizedinone-sidedway,unexpecteddifferentresultswillbeobtainedandthenasamplingeffectwilloccur.ConclusionofApproachestodescribedigitizationeffectsforanimagewhichoriginatesincontinuousform.toseekmannersthatthecontentofinterestisnotlostornotsignificantlydamaged,whenananalogimageisconvertedintodigitalform,andviseversa.topredictandrecognizesamplingeffects,andthenwithsomestepstoeliminateorreducethemtilltolerablelevels.TheImage-processingSequenceTheDigitalImage-processingSystemAnimageisconvertedtonumericalformoutputthehardcopyofanimageinandesignatedformatinputimageintoanworkstation,whichprocessesthemandstoresthefinalproductasoutputimagewatchintermediateresultsandcontrolthecallofprocessingprogramsResearchContentsandImportantApplicationsofDigitalImageProcessing(1)CommunicationTechnologies:ImageFacsimile,Teleconference,SatelliteCommunication,DigitalTV;(2)UniverseExploration:Imageprocessingofothercelestialbodies;(3)RemoteSensingTechnologies:Resourcesinvestigationinagricultureandforest,cropgrowthmonitoring,Naturaldisasterdetectionandforecast,Surveyandmaprelief,landscapeandgeologicalstructure,Prospectforthemineralresources,Hydrologicalandoceanicinvestigation,Environmentpollutiondetect;ResearchContentsandImportantApplicationsofDigitalImageProcessing(4)Biomedicine:AnalysisofX-ray,ultrasonicandmicrostructureimage,Analysisofendoscopicimageandtemperature-spectrumdiagram,Analysisoftomographyandmagneticresonanceimage(5)IndustrialProduction:Non-destructivetesting,Petroleumexploration,Automatizationinproduction(hardwarerecognition,assembleandqualitydetection),Industrialrobotvision;(6)ComputerScience:Studyoncharacterimageinput,Computeraideddesign,artificialintelligence,multimediacomputerandintelligentcomputer;ResearchContentsandImportantApplicationsofDigitalImageProcessing(7)MeteorlogicForecast:Surveying,mappingandtransmissionofsynopticnephogram;(8)MilitaryTechnologies:Interpretationofaeronauticandsatellitespy