答案第=page11頁，共=sectionpages22頁山東省煙臺市2021-2022學年高二上學期期末考試英語試題一、閱讀理解Inwhathasbecomeanannualtradition,the

staff

of

National

Public

Radiobringyouamightyyear-endguideofBooksWeLove.Hereareahandfulofthemostinterestingpicks.Wehopeyouenjoytheselectionsandtaketimetolookthroughforawhile!CryinginHMartbyMichelleZaunerMichelleZaunerlaysoutthecomplexityandtheongoingsorrowoflosingaparentinher20s,justasherownlifeisabouttostart.ZaunerwritesabouthowsheturnedtoKoreanfoodtoprocesshersadnesswhenhermother,heronlytietoKoreanculture,diedofcancer.Thebookreflectsonhowcookingandeatingthefoodthathermomoncepreparedgivesherawaytoconnecttoheridentity.FatChance,CharlieVegabyCrystalMaldonadoCrystalMaldonadocreatesamuch-neededbelievablecharacterwithteenageandadultreaders.CharlieVegaisfatandwearsglasses,withadiet-pushingmotherandabeautiful,athleticbestfriend.WhenherclassmateBrianpursuesaromanticrelationship,Charlieisbotheredwithselfdoubt.Thebook,whichtellsawell-observedstoryoffatteenagelife,isdevelopedbyinternal(內在的)andexternal(外在的)conflicts.TheMostFunThing:Dispatches(快訊)fromaSkateboardLifebyKyleBeachyTheyear2021wastheyearofskateboarding,whichhasbeentransformedintoanOlympicsport.Andmanyhavepickedupskateboardsforthefirsttime,soTheMostFunThingcouldn’thavecomeatabettertime.KyleBeachy,alongtimeskaterandwritingprofessor,isdevotedtoexploringthemeaningofskateboardingbasedonrelatedessaysofadecade.TheSecretHistoryofHomeEconomicsbyDanielleDreilingerIt’sgenerallythoughtthathomeeconomicsisjustaclasstakenatschool,whichisappropriatelynamedMrsHousekeeper.Butinreadingthisbook,youcandiscoverthatintheearly20thcentury,thefieldprovidedjobsforwomeninscience,companiesandgovernments.DanielleDreilingeralsomakesthecasethatcookingandmanagingabudgetareinvaluablelessonsforallchildrenandshouldstillbeschoolcourses.1．WhatisCharlieVegalike?A．Romantic. B．Unconfident. C．Smart. D．Dishonest.2．Whoisasportslover?A．MichelleZauner. B．CrystalMaldonado. C．KyleBeachy. D．DanielleDreilinger.3．WhatdoCryinginHMartandTheSecretHistoryofHomeEconomicshaveincommon?A．Theybothinvolvethetopicofcookery.B．Theybothmentionthebondwithparents.C．Theybothstatehowtosurviveeconomichardship.D．Theybothstressthenecessityofensuringwomen’srights.ApsychologistatStanfordoncedidanexperiment.Heassignedpreschoolchildrento

threegroups.Thefirstgroupwatchedadults

playrudely

withaninflatableclown(充氣小丑)calledBobo;anotherwatchedadultsplayquietlywithadifferenttoywhileignoringBobo;andthethirdhadnoexposuretotheseadultrolemodels.Next,eachofthechildrenwasleftalonewithBobo.Theresultsofthestudywerestriking.OnlythechildreninthefirstgrouplaterkickedBobo,hititwithastick,andsatonitjustastheywatchedtheadultsdo.Theabovestudyindicateskidsmayfollowsuitiftheyseewhatothersdo.That’swhyrolemodelsmatter.Whenkidsareexposedtorolemodelstheycanrelateto,ithelpsthemsetambitiousgoals.Don’tassumekidsknowtheycanbeanythingtheywantwhentheygrowup.Takemyselfforexample.“Angela,doyouthinktheUSwillelectafemalepresidentinyourlifetime?”Yearsago,thiswasthelastquestionofthelastinterviewforascholarshipIdidn’twin.WithouthesitationIshookmyheadsaying“no”.Astheinterviewended,IsensedI’dgivenananswerthecommitteefounddisappointing.“Ofcoursetherewillbeafemalepresident,”theywantedmetosaywithaconfidentsmile.“AndIhopeIhaveyourvote.”Likemostchildren,myfirstrolemodelswereinmyfamily.MydadhadaPhDinchemistry.Myunclesandcountlesscousinsweremostlydoctorsorscientists.So,ifyou’daskedmein,say,thirdgrade,“Angela,couldyoubecomeacollegeprofessorsomedayifyoutried?”WithoutabitofevidencethatI’dbeanygoodatsucha

career,I’dhavenoddedmyhead.Soit’squitenecessarythatweshouldgooutofourwaytoexposekidstorolemodels,whetherit’sanOlympicathleteoraCEO.Nowthatwehaveourfirstfemalevice-president,canthefirstfemalepresidentbefarbehind?4．WhydidthechildreninthefirstgrouptreatedBoborudely?A．Theyregardeditasameretoy.B．TheymeanttomakefunofBobo.C．Theywereraisedtobehavebadly.D．Theyweresetanegativeexample.5．WhatdidthecommitteeexpectAngelatodowiththelastquestion?A．Toraiseherdoubt.B．Torespondpositively.C．Tointerpretitsmeaning.D．Tochangeherreplyquickly.6．Howdidthird-gradeAngelafeelaboutthechanceofbeingaprofessor?A．Hopeful. B．Doubtful. C．Curious. D．Hesitant.7．Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A．MyRoleModelsB．AimHighandActEarlyC．HowtoBecomeAmericanPresidentD．RoleModelsHelpShapeKids’FutureKenyahasbeenatthe

forefront

oftheglobalwaronplasticsince2017,whenofficials

outlawed

plasticbags.In2020,thegovernmentraisedthe

demand

witha

ban

on

single-useplastics.Unfortunately,tonsofindustrialandconsumer

plastic

wastecontinuetogetpouredinto

landfills

daily.However,if29-year-oldNzambiMateehasherway,the

unsightly

plasticgarbagemountainwillsoonbe

transformed

intocolorfulbricks.The

materialsengineer’s

searchforaneffective

solutionto

controllingplasticpollutionbeganin2017,whenshesetupasmalllabinherbackyard.Ittookherninemonthstoproducethefirstbrickandevenlongertoconvinceapartnertohelpbuildthemachinerytomakethem.Shesays,“Iwantedtousemyeducationinappliedphysicsandmaterialsengineeringtodosomethingaboutplasticwastepollution.ButIwasveryclearthesolutionhadtobepractical,

sustainableandaffordable.Thebestwaytodothiswasbychannelingthewasteintotheconstructionspaceandfindingthemostefficientandaffordablematerialtobuildhomes.”Hercompany,GjengeMakers,nowhires112peopleandproducesover1,500bricksaday,whicharemadeusingamixofplasticproductsthatcan’tbereprocessedorrecycled.Thecollectedplasticisobtaineddirectlyfromfactoriesorpickedbyhiredlocalsfromlandfillsandmixedwithsand,heatedatveryhightemperatures,and

compressed(壓縮)intobricksthat

vary

incolorandthickness.Theresultingproductisstronger,lighter,andabout30percentcheaperthantraditionalconcrete(混凝土)bricks.Mostimportantly,ithelpsrepurposethelowestqualityofplastic.Matee,recognizedasoneoftheYoungChampionsoftheEarth2020—theUnitedNations’highest

environmental

honor—isfarfromdone.Herdreamistoreducerubbishbyincreasingproductionandexpandingherofferings.Shesays,“Themorewerecycleplastic,themoreweproduce

affordable

housing…themorewecreatemoreemploymentfortheyouth.”8．WhichwordbestdescribesKenyangovernment’smeasuresagainstplastic?A．Temporary. B．Effective. C．Fruitless. D．Unreliable.9．WhichofthefollowingdoweknowaboutMatee?A．Sheturnsknowledgeintoactualproducts.B．Hercompany’sfundedbythegovernment.C．Sheproducesbrick-makingmachineryherself.D．Herbricksaremadefromrecyclableplasticwaste.10．What’sthegreateststrengthofMatee’sresultingproduct?A．Itslowcost. B．Itswiderangeofuses.C．Itseconomicbenefit. D．Itsenvironmentalvalue.11．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellus?A．Matee’sachievement.B．Matee’sgreaterambition.C．MultiplechallengesMateefaces.D．Innovativesolutionstoplasticwaste.Migratory(遷移的)birdsarespeciallyadaptedtofindtheirwayoverextremedistances.Now,thenewresearchofKasparDelheyandotherresearchershasdiscoveredanunexpectedwaythatmigratorybirdskeeptheircoolduringsuchbackbreakingjourneys:lighter-coloredfeathers(羽毛).“Wefoundacrossnearlyallspeciesofbirds,migratoryspeciestendtobelightercoloredthannon-migratoryspecies,”saidDelhey.“Wethinkthatlighterfeathercolorationisselectedinmigratoryspeciesbecauseitreducestheriskofoverheatingwhenexposedtosunshine.Lightersurfacesabsorblessheatthandarkerones,asanybodywearingdarkclothesonasunnydaycandemonstrate!Thiswouldbeparticularlyimportantforlong-distancemigrantsthatundertakeextensiveflightsduringwhichtheycannotstoptorestintheshade.”Delheyandhiscoworkershadbeenstudyingtheeffectsofclimateonbirdcoloration.Theirearlierstudiesshowedthat,ingeneral,lightercoloredbirdsarefoundwheretemperaturesarehighandthereislittleshade.That’sinpartbecausethebirds’lighterfeathershelptokeepthemcoolerinthehotsun.Thentheresearcherscameacrossstudiesbyothersshowingthatsomebirdsflyhigherduringthedaycomparedtoatnight.“Becauseflyinghigherislikelycostly,thesechangesrequireanexplanation,”Delheysays.“Onepossibilitywasthatflyinghigher,whereitiscolder,wouldoffsettheheatabsorbedbythefeatherswhenthesunwasshining.”Ifso,theyrealized,anotherwaytoreducetheriskofoverheatingwouldbetoabsorblesssolarradiationinthefirstplace.Itraisedaquestion:havemigratoryspeciesevolved(進化)lighterfeathers?Tofindout,theydidmuchresearch.Theirfindingsshowbirdspeciesgetincreasinglylighterastheymigratemore.So,residentbirdstendtobedarkerthanshort-distancemigrants.Short-distancemigrantsaredarkerthanbirdspeciesthattravelfarther.Delheysaidtheeffectsuiteddifferenttypesofbirds.Thesameheldtrueinwaterbirdsandground-livingbirds,too.Thefindingsareanotherreminderoftheimportantroleoftemperatureandclimatefactorsmorebroadlyintheevolutionofshapingthecolorationofanimals.Theyalsohelpbetterunderstandtheimpactsofglobalwarmingandunderlyingadaptiveevolutionaryresponses.12．Whyis“darkclothes”mentionedinparagraph2?A．Topresentafact. B．Toanalyzeareason.C．Toclarifyapoint. D．Tomakeacomparison.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“offset”meaninparagraph4?A．Cancelout. B．Addto. C．Giveriseto. D．Takeadvantageof.14．WhatdoesDelhey’snewresearchfocuson?A．Thehabitatsofmigratorybirds.B．Thecategoriesofmigratorybirds.C．Aflyingpatternofmigratorybirds.D．Aphysicalcharacteristicofmigratorybirds.15．Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A．Entertainment. B．Science. C．Travel. D．Education.二、七選五Forsomepeople,wakingupearlyjustfeelsnatural.Butifyou’renotnaturallyamorningperson,howmuchroomdoyouhavetochangeyourwake-upschedule?____16____Butafewhabitscanhelpmakewakingupearlierlessofachallenge.Useexternalfactorstoupgradeyourbodyclock.LightSunlightcanadjustyourinternalclockbyholdingbackasleep-relatedhormone(激素)thatiscalledmelatonin.Whenyou’reexposedtobrightsunlight,theproductionofmelatoninshutsoff.____17____Sothemosteffectivewaytogetyourbodyfeelingrefreshedandawakeistoexposeyourselftolightthemomentyouopenyoureyesinthemorning.Rewardyourselfandtakeitslow____18____Maybethat’samindfulnessexercisetoremindyourselfofwhoorwhatyou’rewakingupearlyfor.Somethingassimpleaspromisingyourselfastrawberrycakeassoonasyougetoutofbedcandothetrick.Anotherimportantthingthatyoumustkeepinmindisthatyoushouldthinkaboutwakingupearlylikeaskillyou’repracticinganddoitgradually.Youcanstartbywakinguponlyafewminutesearlierthanyouneedtoandthenmoreminutesearlierdaybyday.____19____BepatientRemembernottopushyourselftoohard.Youneedtohavepatiencewithyourself.____20____Somemorningsmightbehardforyouinthebeginning,butifyou’rekeepingyourhabitsincheckmostofthetime,you’llendupasamorningperson.A．You’llgetthehangofitsoonenough.B．Trainingtowakeupearlyisaprocess.C．Whenyougetupcanmakeadifference.D．Itsortoftellsthebodyit’stimetowakeup.E．Whyshouldyouencourageyourselftoriseearly?F．Createamotivatortogetoutofbedinthemorning.G．Basically,yourbiologicalclockisbakedintowhoyouare.三、完形填空MytwinsisterandIstudiedinthesameschoolfortenyears.Thefirstdayweenteredthecampus,wewere____21____byitsbeautyandbright-coloredstonesculpturesoffairies(精靈)that____22____there.Aswegotolder,Idiscoveredtheschoolwasn’talwayswherebeautywasaneveryday____23____.Theweather-beatenstonestatuesbadlyneeded____24____.However,thereweren’tenoughstafftogeteverythingdone.Idecidedtodosomethingtogivethecampusanew____25____.Mysisterhadasimilarideaandwecameupwithaplantosecretly____26____theschool.Havingcarefullyworkedoutaproject,wegot____27____fromtheadministration(管理層)todoit.Wefirstpaintedthestonesculptures,refreshingthefewremainingfairies.Tobring____28____andmagictothecampus,wepaintedonthedoorsoftheboy’sandthegirl’sbathroomsthesunandmoonrepresentation____29____designedbymysister.Thetreebytheschoolgatewasdeadanditsbarebrancheswere____30____,leavingonlythetrunk.Theyoungschoolmateswere____31____bythelossofthistreeandthetrunkleftwasasad____32____tothemoftheonce-livingtree.____33____transformingthistrunkintoafairyhouseforvisitingfairiestostopbyandhavealittlesnack,Iputlittle____34____inthehousesothatthechildrencouldlookintothelittlefairykitchenwhilewalkingby.Whilecuttingandshapingthetrunktookmanyhours,itwaswellworthitforwe____35____awoundinournaturalenvironment.Everythingdone,wesmiledheartilylookingaroundthefantastic“new”school.21．A．educated B．struck C．relaxed D．disturbed22．A．settled B．visited C．worked D．chatted23．A．routine B．habit C．expectation D．purpose24．A．removing B．replacing C．wrapping D．painting25．A．chance B．look C．background D．culture26．A．explore B．publicize C．beautify D．protect27．A．permission B．reward C．promise D．concern28．A．security B．honesty C．politeness D．imagination29．A．proudly B．bravely C．artfully D．anxiously30．A．turnedin B．cutoff C．pickedout D．givenup31．A．astonished B．disappointed C．annoyed D．upset32．A．flag B．reminder C．tool D．start33．A．Insteadof B．Inhopeof C．Inadditionto D．Inspiteof34．A．windows B．bells C．handles D．curtains35．A．recorded B．hid C．cured D．spotted四、用單詞的適當形式完成短文閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。Shanghaihas____36____populationof5.8millionresidentsaged60andabove,accountingfor23percentofthetotalpopulation.Howtoimprovetheirqualityoflife,especiallythoseseniorcitizenswiththeproblemofdysmnesia(記憶障礙),isagreatchallengeforthelocalgovernment.Happily,theMemoryCaféinPudong____37____(find)itswaybynowtohelptheseniorresidentsinlocalcommunitiesbyorganizinginteractiveactivitiestofightdysmnesia____38____(proper).Thecafé,launchedlastNovember,nowhas18regularseniorvolunteers____39____rangebetween70and82yearsofage.Volunteersinthecaféaretrainedtobereceptionists,cashiersorbaristas(調酒師).Everyweektheycometothecoffeeshopat____40____(fix)schedulefortraining.TheMemoryCaféisreportedlyChina’sfirstofitskind____41____(target)elderlypeoplewithcognitive(認知)disabilities.“Beforejoiningthecafévolunteerprogram,whatIdidmosteverydaywaswatchTV.I____42____(feel)lonelyandafraidwhenrealizingIcouldn’trememberthingswell,”73-year-oldPengMingxiangsaid.“Inthecafé,therearemanypeoplemyage,____43____whomImakefriendsandsharetheexperienceofgettingolder.Iambecomingbraverandmoreoptimistic.WhenIservecustomers,eventhoughIamsloworevenservethewrongcoffee,youngpeopleare____44____(understand),whichmakesmefeelgoodandrespected,”Pengadded.Manycustomershavea_____45_____(prefer)forsuchacharitableshopastheMemoryCafé,whichpioneersanti-dysmnesiaeffortsforseniorsandwinspublicsupport.五、開放性作文46．假定你要參加班級英語演講比賽，演講的題目是“TimeLostCanNotBeRecalled”。請你寫一篇英文演講稿，內容包括：1.你對題目的理解；2.以一個事例說明；3.總結發言。注意：1.寫作詞數應為80左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。TimeLostCanNotBeRecalled________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________六、讀后續寫47．閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。Asayoungboy,Iwasalwaysatroublemakeranduptonogood.Ilikedplayingtricksandenjoyedtreatinganimalsinanunfriendlyway,likerunningaftercatscrazily,makingthemscaredatthesightofme.Besides,Ioftenusedahandmadecatapult(彈弓)toshootatbirdsonthetrees.Allthisdidaffordmeindescribablepleasurebutalsogotmeunkindstaresandblamesfrompeoplearound.MyparentsdisapprovedofmybehaviorandwereconstantlycriticizingmeforthetricksIplayed.Iwasevengivenagoodbeatingfrommyfatherfromtimetotime.Nevertheless,Iignoredtheirwarningsanddidnotcorrectmywaysuntilanincidentoccurred.OnesummernoonwhenIwaseight,Iwasaloneathomeandjustfinishedlunch.Feelingveryhotandbored,Idecidedtohangaroundtheneighborhood,holdingmytrustycatapult.Soon,IcametoMrSmith’shouse.Hispetdog,bigandstrong,wastiedtoapostoutsidehishouse,lyingintheshadelazily.Lookingaround,Ifoundthatnoonewasinsight.Idecidedtomakegooduseofmycatapulttoplaytricksonthemassivedog.Pickingupafewsmallstonesfromtheground,Iaimedatthedogandfiredthemonebyone.Severalstoneshitthepoordoganditbegantobark(吠)loudlyinpainandjumpupanddown.ButIfeltsofunthatIdidn’tstopdoingso.Eventually,thedog’sangerwasfueledanditbarkedwildlyatmewhilestrugglingtobreakawayfromtherope.Notrealizinganythingwrongwithmycrazybehavior,Iwasjustlaughinghappily.Suddenly,theropethattiedthedogloosenedandthebigdoggotfreefromitsbonds.Innotime,withafewpowerfulstepsthedogwasonme.Itssharpteethsankintomyleg.Iscreamedwithpainandfrightandfelltotheground,shoutingoutforhelp.注意：1.續寫詞數應為150左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。Luckily,mymiserableshoutscaughtMrSmith’sattention.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________HiswordsleftmeashamedandIdecidedtomakeachange.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________參考答案：1．B2．C3．A【解析】【導語】這是一篇應用文。主要介紹了幾本由NationalPublicRadio推薦的年度好書。【詳解】1.推理判斷題。根據第三段“WhenherclassmateBrianpursuesaromanticrelationship,Charlieisbotheredwithselfdoubt.”（當她的同學布萊恩開始談戀愛時，查理被自我懷疑所困擾）推知，Charlie有些不太自信。故選B項。2.細節理解題。根據文章第四段“KyleBeachy,alongtimeskaterandwritingprofessor,isdevotedtoexploringthemeaningofskateboardingbasedonrelatedessaysofadecade.”（凱爾·比奇(KyleBeachy)是一名資深的滑板運動員和寫作教授，他根據過去十年的相關文章，致力于探索滑板的意義）可知，KyleBeachy是一位運動愛好者。故選C項。3.細節理解題。根據文章第二段“Thebookreflectsonhowcookingandeatingthefoodthathermomoncepreparedgivesherawaytoconnecttoheridentity.”（這本書反映了烹飪和食用她母親曾經準備的食物是如何讓她與自己的身份聯系起來的）以及第五段“DanielleDreilingeralsomakesthecasethatcookingandmanagingabudgetareinvaluablelessonsforallchildrenandshouldstillbeschoolcourses.”（丹妮爾·德萊林格(DanielleDreilinger)還提出，烹飪和管理預算對所有孩子來說都是寶貴的課程，應該仍然是學校的課程）可知，CryinginHMart和TheSecretHistoryofHomeEconomics這兩本書都涉及了烹飪的內容。故選A項。4．D5．B6．A7．D【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。主要講述了研究人員通過實驗表明了對孩子而言，榜樣的力量和重要性。4．細節理解題。根據第一段“Thefirstgroupwatchedadultsplayrudelywithaninflatableclown(充氣小丑)calledBobo”（第一組觀看成年人粗魯地與一個叫波波的充氣小丑玩耍），第二段“OnlythechildreninthefirstgrouplaterkickedBobo,hititwithastick,andsatonitjustastheywatchedtheadultsdo.”（后來，只有第一組的孩子踢波波，用棍子打它，然后坐在上面，就像他們看著成年人那樣。）和第三段“Theabovestudyindicateskidsmayfollowsuitiftheyseewhatothersdo.That’swhyrolemodelsmatter.Whenkidsareexposedtorolemodelstheycanrelateto,ithelpsthemsetambitiousgoals.”（上面的研究表明，如果孩子們看到別人的做法，他們也會效仿。這就是為什么榜樣很重要。當孩子們接觸到他們可以聯系的榜樣時，這有助于他們設定雄心勃勃的目標。）可知，第一組的孩子粗魯對待Bobo是因為他們被樹立了一個反面的榜樣。故選D項。5．細節理解題。根據文章第四段“WithouthesitationIshookmyheadsaying“no”.Astheinterviewended,IsensedI’dgivenananswerthecommitteefounddisappointing.”（我毫不猶豫地搖搖頭說“不”。面試結束時，我感覺我給出的答案讓委員會失望。）可知，委員會期望Angela積極地回答這個問題。故選B項。6．推理判斷題。根據文章倒數第二段“So,ifyou’daskedmein,say,thirdgrade,“Angela,couldyoubecomeacollegeprofessorsomedayifyoutried?”WithoutabitofevidencethatI’dbeanygoodatsuchacareer,I’dhavenoddedmyhead.”（所以，如果你在我三年級的時候問我，“安吉拉，如果你努力的話，你將來能成為一名大學教授嗎?”如果沒有一點證據表明我能勝任這樣的工作，我也會點頭的。）可知，三年級的Angela認為自己很有希望成為一位教授。故選A項。7．主旨大意題。本篇文章通過一個實驗，說明榜樣的力量；以及通過文章最后一段“Soit’squitenecessarythatweshouldgooutofourwaytoexposekidstorolemodels,whetherit’sanOlympicathleteoraCEO.”（因此，我們有必要讓孩子們接觸到榜樣，無論是奧運會運動員還是首席執行官。）可知，本篇文章主要講榜樣能夠幫助塑造孩子的未來。故選D項。8．C9．A10．D11．B【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了材料工程師NzambiMatee創造性地將難以回收處理的塑料垃圾轉化成建筑用磚的一些情況。8．細節理解題。根據第一段“In2020,thegovernmentraisedthedemandwithabanonsingle-useplastics.Unfortunately,tonsofindustrialandconsumerplasticwastecontinuetogetpouredintolandfillsdaily.”（2020年，政府通過禁止使用一次性塑料提高了需求。不幸的是，每天仍有大量的工業和消費塑料垃圾被倒入垃圾填埋場。）可知，肯尼亞政府應對塑料垃圾的方法是無效的，沒有什么成果。故選C項。9．細節理解題。根據第二段“Thematerialsengineer’ssearchforaneffectivesolutiontocontrollingplasticpollutionbeganin2017,whenshesetupasmalllabinherbackyard.Ittookherninemonthstoproducethefirstbrickandevenlongertoconvinceapartnertohelpbuildthemachinerytomakethem.”（這位材料工程師從2017年開始尋找控制塑料污染的有效解決方案，當時她在自家后院建立了一個小實驗室。她花了9個月的時間來生產第一塊磚，甚至更長的時間來說服一個合作伙伴幫助建造機器來制造它們。）可知，Matee把所學知識應該到實際活動中，將塑料垃圾轉化成建筑用磚。故選A項。10．細節理解題。根據文章第四段“Theresultingproductisstronger,lighter,andabout30percentcheaperthantraditionalconcrete(混凝土)bricks.Mostimportantly,ithelpsrepurposethelowestqualityofplastic.”（由此產生的產品更強、更輕,大約比傳統混凝土磚便宜30%。最重要的是，它有助于重新利用最低質量的塑料。）可知，Matee研制的磚非常環保。故選D項。11．主旨大意題。根據文章最后一段“Herdreamistoreducerubbishbyincreasingproductionandexpandingherofferings.”（她的夢想是通過增加生產和擴大她的產品來減少垃圾。）可知，本段在講述Matee的更大的目標。故選B項。12．C13．A14．D15．B【解析】【導語】本文是說明文。文章介紹一項研究表明，遷徙鳥類通過淺色的羽毛來保持長途遷徙過程中較低的體溫，這說明溫度和氣候因素在動物顏色形成的進化過程中發揮著重要作用。12．推理判斷題。根據第二段中“Lightersurfacesabsorblessheatthandarkerones,asanybodywearingdarkclothesonasunnydaycandemonstrate!(我們認為，遷徙物種選擇淺色羽毛是因為它可以減少暴露在陽光下過熱的風險。淺色的表面比深色的表面吸收的熱量少，任何一個在陽光明媚的日子里穿深色衣服的人都可以證明這一點)”可推知，文章提到深色衣服的目的是為進一步闡明淺色的表面比深色的表面吸收的熱量少這個道理。故選C項。13．詞句猜測題。根據“Onepossibilitywasthatflyinghigher,whereitiscolder,wouldoffsettheheatabsorbedbythefeatherswhenthesunwasshining.(一種可能是飛得更高，那里更冷，可以offset陽光下羽毛吸收的熱量)”中“whereitiscolder”和“theheat”可推知，飛得更高的目的是為了抵消熱量，所以劃線詞與cancelout“取消；抵消”同義。故選A項。14．推理判斷題。根據第五段中“Itraisedaquestion:havemigratoryspeciesevolved(進化)lighterfeathers?(這就提出了一個問題：遷徙物種是否進化出了更輕的羽毛)”和第六段中“Tofindout,theydidmuchresearch.Theirfindingsshowbirdspeciesgetincreasinglylighterastheymigratemore.(為了找到答案，他們做了很多研究。他們的發現表明，隨著遷徙的增多，鳥類的體型也會越來越輕)”可推知，Delhey的新研究重點關注的是遷徙物種，即候鳥，的身體特征。故選D項。15．推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文介紹一項研究表明，遷徙鳥類通過淺色的羽毛來保持長途遷徙過程中較低的體溫，這說明溫度和氣候因素在動物顏色形成的進化過程中發揮著重要作用，由此推知，這篇文章可能出現在報紙的科學專欄。故選B項。16．G17．D18．F19．A20．B【解析】【導語】本文是應用文。文章主要講讀者介紹幾條如何養成早起的習慣的建議。16．根據上文“Forsomepeople,wakingupearlyjustfeelsnatural.Butifyou’renotnaturallyamorningperson,howmuchroomdoyouhavetochangeyourwake-upschedule?”（對一些人來說，早起是很自然的。但是如果你不是一個天生的早起的人，你需要多大的空間來改變你的起床時間表呢?）根據下文“Butafewhabitscanhelpmakewakingupearlierlessofachallenge.”（但是一些習慣就可以幫助你早點起床不那么費力。）可知，選項承接上文說明導致上文狀況的原因。G選項“從根本上來說，你的生物鐘決定了你是誰。”符合語境，承上啟下。故選G。17．根據上文“Sunlightcanadjustyourinternalclockbyholdingbackasleep-relatedhormone(激素)thatiscalledmelatonin.Whenyou’reexposedtobrightsunlight,theproductionofmelatoninshutsoff”（陽光可以通過抑制一種叫做褪黑激素的與睡眠有關的激素來調整你的生物鐘。當你暴露在明亮的太陽光下的時候，激素就不再分泌。）可知，選項承接上文說明激素不分泌意味著什么。D選項“它從某種程度上會告訴你的身體該起床了。”與上文意思一致。故選D。18．根據上文標題句“Rewardyourselfandtakeitslow”（要獎勵你自己并且慢慢來。）可知，這里是建議讀者要有一些措施來獎勵自己的早起。F選項“創造一個動機讓你自己早起。”與上文意思一致。承接下文“Maybethat’samindfulnessexercisetoremindyourselfofwhoorwhatyou’rewakingupearlyfor.”（也許這是一種正念練習，提醒自己早起是為了誰或為什么早起。）故選F。19．根據上文“Youcanstartbywakinguponlyafewminutesearlierthanyouneedtoandthenmoreminutesearlierdaybyday.”（你可以開始的時候僅僅早起幾分鐘，然后每天都比前一天早一點。）可知，這是作者在解釋如何慢慢改變，然后養成習慣，選項總結上文，說明很快就能掌握訣竅。A選項“你將很快就掌握訣竅。”與上文意思一致。故選A。20．根據上文“Youneedtohavepatiencewithyourself.”（你需要對自己有耐心。）可知，作者是在建議讀者做事情要有耐心，然后具體說明。B選項“訓練早起就是這樣一個過程。”與上文意思一致。承接下文Somemorningsmightbehardforyouinthebeginning,butifyou’rekeepingyourhabitsincheckmostofthetime,you’llendupasamorningperson.“有些早晨一開始可能對你來說很難，但如果你大部分時間都能控制好自己的習慣，你終會成為一個早起的人。”故選B。21．B22．A23．C24．D25．B26．C27．A28．D29．C30．B31．D32．B33．B34．A35．C【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了雙胞胎姐妹幫助美化校園的事情。21．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：進入校園的第一天，我們就被它的美麗和放置在那里的仙女彩石雕塑所打動。A.educated受過教育的；B.struck對…印象好的；C.relaxed放松的；D.disturbed煩惱的。根據該句中的“itsbeautyandbright-coloredstonesculpturesoffairies”（它的美麗和彩石雕刻的仙女）可知，作者對校園的印象很好。故選B項。22．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：進入校園的第一天，我們就被它的美麗和放置在那里的仙女彩石雕塑所打動。A.settled放置；B.visited看望；C.worked工作；D.chatted閑聊。根據句型結構，可知此處是定語從句，修飾前面的名詞stonesculpturesoffairies，表示放置在校園的雕塑。故選A項。23．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著年齡的增長，我發現在學校里，美麗并不總是人們每天的期望。A.routine常規；B.habit習慣；C.expectation期望；D.purpose目標。根據后句“Theweather-beatenstonestatuesbadlyneeded4.”（這些飽經風霜的石像急需噴涂。）可知，校園里的一些設施和雕塑都年久失修，沒有達到人們對美麗校園的期望。故選C項。24．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這些飽經風霜的石像急需噴涂。A.removing移開；B.replacing替代；C.wrapping包裝；D.painting噴涂。根據前句“Aswegotolder,Idiscoveredtheschoolwasn’talwayswherebeautywasaneveryday3.”可知，校園里的設施都需要維護。故選D項。25．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我決定做點什么來讓校園煥然一新。A.chance機會；B.look面貌；C.background背景；D.culture文化。根據前文，可知校園里的設施需要修繕，但是沒有足夠的人員去做這件事，于是我決定行動起