閱讀理解

1

標題：用草做屋頂的房子

體裁：說明文難度：★★★詞數：274建議用時：6分鐘

Theviewoveravalleyofatinyvillagewiththatched（草蓋的）roofcottages

aroundachurch;adrivethroughanarrowvillagestreetlinedwiththatchedcottages

paintedpinkorwhite;thesightovertherollinghillsofaprettycollectionofthatched

farmbuildings一thesearestillcommonsightsinpartsofEngland.Mostpeoplewill

agreethatthethatchedroofisanessentialpartoftheattractionoftheEnglish

countryside.

ThatchingisinfacttheoldestofallthebuildingcraftspracticedintheBritish

Isles（英倫諸島）.Althoughthatchhasalwaysbeenusedforcottageandfarm

buildings,itwasonceusedforcastlesandchurchestoo.

Thatchingisasolitary（獨立的）craft,whichoftenrunsinfamilies.Thecraftof

thatchingasitispracticedtodayhaschangedverylittlesincetheMiddleAges.Over

800full-timethatchersareemployedinEnglandandWalestoday,maintainingand

renewingtheoldroofsaswellasthatchingnewerhouses.Manypropertyowners

choosethatchnotonlyforitsbeautybutbecausetheyknowitwillkeepthemcoolin

summerandwarminwinter.

Infact,ifwelookatdevelopingcountries,overhalftheworldlivesunder

thatch,buttheyalldoitindifferentways.Peopleindevelopingcountriesareoften

reluctanttogobacktotraditionalmaterialsandwouldprefermodem

buildings.However,theymaylackthemoneytoallowthemtoimportthenecessary

materials.Theirtemporarymudhutswiththatchedroofsofwildgrassesoftenonlylast

sixmonths.ThatchwhichhasbeendonetheBritishwaylastsfromtwentytosixty

years,andisaneffectivedefenseagainsttheheat.

l.Whichofthefollowingremainsauniquefeatureagainsttheheat.

A.Narrowstreetslinedwithpinkorwhitehouses.

B.Rollinghillswithprettyfarmbuildings.

C.Cottageswiththatchedroofs.

D.Churcheswithcottagesaroundthem.

2.Whatdoweknowaboutthatchingasacraft?

A.Itisacollectiveactivity.

B.ItispractisedonfarmsalloverEngland.

C.Itisquitedifferentfromwhatitusedtobe.

D.Itisinmostcaseshandeddownamongfamilymembers.

3.Peopleindevelopingcountriesalsoliveunderthatchbecause.

A.thatchedcottagesareabigtouristattraction

B.thatchedroofhousesarethecheapest

C.thatchisaneffectivedefenseagainsttheheat

D.theylikethatchedhousesbetterthanotherbuildings

4.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.

A.thatchedcottagesinEnglandhavebeenpasseddownfromancienttimes.

B.thatchingisabuildingcraftfirstcreatedbytheEnglishpeople.

C.theEnglishpeoplehaveaspeciallikingforthatchedhouses.

D.mostthatchedcottageinEnglandarelocatedonhillside

【語篇解讀】本文是社會文化類說明文。用草做屋頂的房子是英倫諸島上最

早的建筑，直到今天還有800多人從事這個行業。用草做屋頂的房子現在不僅是

人們的住房，還包括一些教堂和城堡。但這與發展中國家不同，人們不是沒錢建

造更好的房子，而是這樣的房子冬暖夏涼。

1.C推理判斷題。

【信息定位】根據題干可定位到文章第三段。

【精準解析】由最后一句Manypropertyownerschoosethatchnotonlyforits

beautybutbecausetheyknowitwillkeepthemcoolinsummerandwarminwinter,

故選C項。

2.D細節理解題。

【信息定位】根據題干可定位到文章第三段。

【精準解析】根據第三段句子Thatchingisasolitary（獨立的）craft,which

oftenrunsinfamilies,故選D項。

3.B推理判斷題。

【信息定位】根據題干可定位到文章最后一段。

【精準解析】作者說However,theymaylackthemoneytoallowthemtoimport

thenecessarymaterials,故選B項。

4.C推理判斷題。

【信息定位】根據題干可定位到文章第一段文章。

【精準解析】第一段描繪了一幅鄉村美景，并說明Mostpeoplewillagreethat

thethatchedroofisanessentialpartoftheattractionoftheEnglishcountryside.結合

后文英國人對這種房子的熱愛，可判斷選C項。

2

標題：倫敦最新的摩天大樓

體裁：新聞報道難度：★★★★詞數：417建議用時：10分鐘

London'snewestskyscraper（摩天大樓）iscalledtheShardanditcostabout430

millionpoundstobuild.Ataheightofalmost310metres,itisthetallestbuildingin

Europe.TheShardhascompletelychangedtheappearanceofLondon.However,not

everyonethinksthatitisachangeforthebetter.

TheShardwasdesignedbythefamousItalianarchitectRenzoPiano.Whenhe

begandesigningtheShardforLondon,Pianowantedaverytallbuildingthatlooked

likeaspire（尖頂）.Hewantedtheglasssurfacestoreflecttheskyandthecity.The

sidesofthebuildingaren'tregular.Sothebuildinghasanunusualshape.Itlookslike

averythin,sharppieceofbrokenglass.Andthatishowthebuildinggotthename:

theShard.PianosaysthatthespireshapeoftheShardispartofagreatLondon

tradition.TheshaperemindshimofthespiresofthechurchesofLondonorthetall

masts（桅桿）oftheshipsthatwereonceontheriverThames.

TheShardhas87floors.Atthetop,thereisanobservatory.Atthemomentthe

buildingisempty,buteventuallytherewillbeafive-starhotel.Therewillalsobetop

qualityrestaurants,apartmentsandoffices.

Beforebuildingworkbegan,alotofpeopledidn'twanttheShardthoughthe

planswereapproved.NowtheyarestillunhappyabouttheShard.Somecriticssay

thatsuchatallskyscrapermightbegoodinacitylikeNewYork,butnotinLondon.

TheysaythatthebestthingabouttheShardisitsspireshape.Butthatistheonly

thing.Thereisnodecoration,onlyflatsurfaces.TheEgyptiansdidthat4,500years

ago.TheyalsothinktheShardistoobigforLondon.Itdestroysthebeautyofthecity.

Othercriticsdon'tlikewhattheShardseemstorepresent.Theysaythatthe

ShardshowshowLondonisbecomingmoreunequal.Onlyveryrichpeoplecan

affordtobuytheexpensiveprivateapartmentsandstayinthehotel.Butthepeople

wholiveneartheShardareamongthepoorestinLondon.SotheShardseemsa

symbolofthedivisioninsocietybetweentheveryrichandthepoor.

TheShardnowdominatestheLondonskyline.Itisnotcertain,however,that

ordinaryLondoncitizenswilleveracceptitasavaluableadditiontothecity.

1.London'snewestskyscraperiscalledtheShardbecauseof.

A.itscost

B.itssize

C.itsshape

D.itsheight

2.WhenhedesignedtheShard,Pianowanteditto.

A.changeLondon'sskyline

B.inheritLondon'stradition

C.imitatetheEgyptianstyle

D.attractpotentialvisitors

3.ThecriticswhorefertosocialdivisionthinktheShard.

A.isonlypreferredbytherich

B.isintendedforwealthypeople

C.isfarawayfromthepoorarea

D.ispopularonlywithLondoners

4.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.TheShard:CheersandClaps

B.TheShard:WorkofaGreatArchitect

C.TheShard:NewSymbolofLondon?

D.TheShard:AChangefortheBetter?

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報道，報道了倫敦最新的摩天大樓theShard,以

及它的形狀和設計理念。同時還講述了人們對于這棟大樓的不同的看法。很多人

都反對這棟大樓，說它并沒有向一個好的方向改變。

1.C細節題。

【信息定位】根據題干可定位到文章第二段。

【精準解析】根據第二段3,4,5行Hewantedtheglasssurfacestoreflectthesky

andthecity.Thesidesofthebuildingaren'tregular.Sothebuildinghasanunusual

shape.Itlookslikeaverythin,sharppieceofbrokenglass.Andthatishowthe

buildinggotthename:theShard.可知摩天大樓theShard得到自己的名字是因為它

的形狀。故選C項。

2.B推理題。

【信息定位】根據題干可定位到文章第二段。

【精準解析】根據第二段后三行PianosaysthatthespireshapeoftheShardis

partofagreatLondontradition.Theshaperemindshimofthespiresofthechurches

ofLondonorthetallmasts（桅桿）oftheshipsthatwereonceontheriverThames.可

知他把這座摩天大樓設計成這個形狀是為了讓它成為倫敦的傳統的一部分，也就

是說讓它繼承倫敦的傳統。故選B項。

3.B推理題。

【信息定位】根據題干可定位到文章第二段。

【精準解析】根據文章倒數第二段2,3,4行TheysaythattheShardshowshow

Londonisbecomingmoreunequal.Onlyveryrichpeoplecanaffordtobuythe

expensiveprivateapartmentsandstayinthehotel.Butthepeoplewholivenearthe

ShardareamongthepoorestinLondon.可知一些批評家認為這座大樓只是為那些

富有的人而設計的。居住在這棟大樓附近的人都沒有能力享受它。它是社會不公

平的代表。故選B項。

4.D主旨大意題。

【信息定位】根據題干可定位到文章第一段。

【精準解析】根據第一段最后一句However,noteveryonethinksthatitisa

changeforthebetter.很多人都反對這棟大樓，說它并沒有向一個好的方向改變。

故D項符合文章的主題。

3

標題：鸚鵡救人

體裁：記敘文詞數：299難度：★★★建議用時：6分鐘

MeaganandherfriendSamantha,bothstudents,livedtogetherinDenver.On

morningswhenSamanthahadclass,Meaganwouldwatchher2—year-olddaughter,

Hannah.AlsopartofthehouseholdwasMeagan*spet,Willie,aparrot一aparticularly

intelligentandchattybreed.HepickedupquiteahealthyvocabularyC'SillyWillie”

wasafavoritesaying）andbecameagreatmimic（模仿者）一ofcats,dogs,chickens

andhumans.

OnedaywithSamanthaatschool,Hannahsatinfrontofmorningcartoonswhile

MeagancookedPop-Tartsinthekitchen.Whenthetoasterspatoutthefood,

Meaganplaceditatthecenterofthekitchentabletocool.SheglancedatHannahand,

confidentthechildwasfullyengagedintheTV,slippedoutquicklytousethe

bathroom.

力wasgonemaybe30seconds,“Meaganrecalls.uAndsuddenly,Iheardthebird

goingcrazyandshouting."Sheheardtwoverydistinctwordsfromtheparrofs

mouth/'Mama!Baby!Mama!Baby!”Meaganranoutofthebathroomtofind

Hannahinthekitchen,holdingthepartlyeatenPop—Tarts,outofbreath,herfaceand

lipsaterrifyingshadeofblue.AndWilliewasstillcrying.

"HannahhadclimbeduponachairandgottenthePop-Tartsandshewas

clearlychokingonthem,"saysMeagan."Iseizedherandimmediatelystarteddoing

firstaiduntilthepiececameflyingout."ThebirdquieteddownandMeaganburst

intotears,reliefwashingoverher;Hannahwasfine,alreadysmilingherbigsmile.

WhenMeagantoldSamanthawhathappened,ushewassograteful,thankingme

forwhatIdid,“Meagansays.UbutIsaid,'Don'tthankme!ItwasWilliewhowasthe

hero!

l.WhathadMeaganexpectedHannahtodowhileshewasaway?

A.Toeatthehotfood.

B.Towatchthetoaster.

C.IbenjoytheTVprogram.

D.Toclimbuponachair.

2.WhathappenedtoHannah?

A.Theparrotdisturbedher.

B.Shegotherselfburned.

C.Shefelloffthechair.

D.Somethingwasstuckinherthroat.

3.Whatcanweknowabouttheparrot?

A.Heisnaughtyandtroublesome.

B.Heistalkativebuthelpful.

C.Heisagreattalkerbutdoless.

D.Heisfriendlyandcreative.

4.Whafsthebesttitleforthepassage?

A."Mama,baby“：aherosaveababy

B.Aparrothelpsbuildupfriendships

C.Alessonanamazingparrotgives

D.Agirlhasasecondlife

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。講述了一只調皮但又機靈的鸚鵡及時挽救

了一個小女孩的生命的故事。

1.C細節理解題。

【信息定位】根據題干可定位到文章第二段。

【精準解析】根據第二段最后一句，可知，Meagan以為孩子會一直看電視，

于是快速地溜出去上廁所，故選擇C項。

2.D細節理解題。

【信息定位】根據題干可定位到文章第三段。

【精準解析】根據第三段最后一句可知，小女孩被食物卡住了，故選D項。

3.B推理判斷題。

【信息定位】根據題干可定位到文章第一、三、四段。

【精準解析】從第一段中的aparticularlyintelligentandchattybreed.可知這只鸚

鵡愛說話;根據第三段中的goingcrazyandshouting和第四段中的Thebirdquieted

downandMeaganburstintotears可知這只鸚鵡很機靈，并最終幫忙挽救了小女孩

的生命，故選B項。

4.A主旨大意題。

【信息定位】根據題干可定位到文章第三段。

【精準解析】本文主要講述了一只鸚鵡通過大叫“媽媽，孩子”來喚起主人的注

意，并最終挽救了被食物卡住的小女孩的生命，故A項最能體現文章主題，新

穎而生動。

4

標題：注意環保節能

體裁：說明文詞數：326難度：★★★★建議用時：6分鐘

Thebehaviorofabuilding'susersmaybeatleastasimportantasitsdesign

whenitcomestoenergyuse,accordingtonewresearchfromtheUKEnergy

ResearchCentre(UKERC).TheUKpromisestoreduceitscarbonemissionsby80

percentby2050,partofwhichwillbeachievedbyallnewhomesbeingzero-carbon

by2016.Butthisreportshowsthatsustainablebuildingdesignonitsown—though

extremelyimportant-isnotenoughtoachievesuchreductions:thebehaviourofthe

peopleusingthebuildinghastochangetoo.

Thestudysuggeststhatthewaysthatpeopleuseandliveintheirhomeshave

beenlargelyignoredbyexistingeffortstoimproveenergyefficiency,whichinstead

focusonarchitecturalandtechnologicaldevelopments.

'Technologyisgoingtoassistbutitisnotgoingtodoeverything,9explainsKaty

Janda,aUKERCseniorresearcher,"consumptionpatternsofbuildinguserscan

defeatthemostcarefuldesign.9Inotherwords,oldhabitsdiehard,eveninthe

best-designedeco-home.

Anotherpartoftheproblemisinformation.Householdsandbill-payersdon't

havetheknowledgetheyneedtochangetheirenergy-usehabits.Withoutspecific

information,it'shardtoestimatethecostsandbenefitsofmakingdifferentchoices.

Feedbackfacilities,likesmartmetersandenergymonitors,couldhelpbridgethis

informationgapbyhelpingpeopleseehowchangingtheirbehaviourdirectlyaffects

theirenergyuse;somestudieshaveshownthathouseholdscanachieveupto15

percentenergysavingsusingsmartmeters.

Socialscienceresearchhasaddedafurtherdimension,suggestingthat

individuals^ehaviourinthehomecanbepersonalandcannotbepredicted一

whetherpeoplethrowopentheirwindowsratherthanturndownthethermostat(恒溫

器），forexample.

Jandaarguesthateducationisthekey.Shecallsforafocusedprogrammeto

teachpeopleaboutbuildingsandtheirownbehaviourinthem.

LAstoenergyuse,thenewresearchfromUKERCstressestheimportance

of.

A.zero-carbonhomes

B.thebehaviourofbuildingusers

C.sustainablebuildingdesign

D.thereductionofcarbonemissions

2.Theunderlinedword“which"inParagraph2refersto"?”

A.thewaysB.theirhomes

C.developmentsD.existingefforts

3.WhatareKatyJanda'swordsmainlyabout?

A.Theimportanceofchangingbuildingusers'habits.

B.Thenecessityofmakingacarefulbuildingdesign.

C.Thevarietyofconsumptionpatternsofbuildingusers.

D.Theroleoftechnologyinimprovingenergyefficiency.

4.Theinformationgapinenergyuse.

A.canbebridgedbyfeedbackfacilities

B.affectsthestudyonenergymonitors

C.bringsaboutproblemsforsmartmeters

D.willbecausedbybuildingusers9oldhabits

5.Whatdoesthedimensionaddedbysocialscienceresearchsuggest?

A.Thesocialscienceresearchistobefurthered.

B.Theeducationprogrammeisunderdiscussion.

C.Thebehaviourofbuildingusersisunpredictable.

D.Thebehaviourpreferenceofbuildingusersissimilar.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。UKERC的研究發現居民的行為和房屋的

設計在節能方面同樣的重要。文章號召我們要注意自己的行為切實注意環保節

能。

1.B細節題。

【信息定位】根據題干可定位到文章第一段。

【精準解析】根據文章1,2行Thebehaviourofabuilding'susersmaybeatleast

asimportantasitsdesignwhenitcomestoenergyuse,accordingtonewresearch

fromtheUKEnergyResearchCentre(UKERC).居民的行為和房屋的設計在節能

方面同樣的重要。這是UKERC的研究的結果。所以如果我們要想達到節能的目

的，我們必須要注意使用者的行為。故選B項。

2.D推理題。

【信息定位】根據題干可定位到文章第二段。

【精準解析】根據本段Thestudysuggeststhatthewaysthatpeopleuseandlive

intheirhomeshavebeenlargelyignoredbyexistingeffortstoimproveenergy

fficiency(效率)，whichinsteadfocusonarchitecturalandtechnologicaldevelopments.

可知：這個研究說明人們現在提高能源使用效率的努力忽視了使用者的行為，卻

把太多的注意力集中到了房屋的設計和技術的發展方面。故本句中的which是指

existingefforts0故選D項。

3.A推理題。

【信息定位】根據題干可定位到文章第三段。

【精準解析】根據文章第三段'Technologyisgoingtoassistbutitisnotgoingto

doeverything,5'consumptionpatternsofbuildinguserscandefeatthemostcareful

design.5Inotherwords,oldhabitsdiehard,eveninthebest-designedeco-home.可知

技術是可以給我們帶來幫助，但是它不能解決所有的問題。房屋使用者的使用行

為可以讓最細心的設計都失去效果。本句說明KatyJanda認為房屋使用者的習慣

很重要。故選A項。

4.A細節題。

【信息定位】根據題干可定位到文章第四段。

【精準解析】根據第四段3,4行Feedback（反饋）facilities,likesmartmetersand

energymonitors,couldhelpbridgethisinformationgapbyhelpingpeopleseehow

changingtheirbehaviourdirectlyaffectstheirenergyuse可知Feedbackfacilities可

以bridgetheinformationgap。故選A項。

5.C細節題。

【信息定位】根據題干可定位到文章最后一段。

【精準解析】根據最后一段1,2行Socialscienceresearchhasaddedafurther

dimension（方面），suggestingthatindividualsbehaviourinthehomecanbepersonal

andcannotbepredicted可知很多家庭的個人行為是很難預測的。故選C項。

5.

標題：聰明的小狗

體裁：記敘文難度：★★★詞數：292建議用時：5分鐘

Onemorning,Ann'sneighborTracyfoundalostdogwanderingaroundthelocal

elementaryschool.SheaskedAnnifshecouldkeepaneyeonthedog.Annsaidthat

shecouldwatchitonlyfortheday.

Tracytookphotosofthedogandprintedoff400FOUND,fliers（傳單），andput

theminmailboxes.Meanwhile,Annwenttothedollarstoreandboughtsomepet

supplies,warninghertwosonsnottofallinlovewiththedog.Atthetime,Ann'sson

Thomaswas10yearsold,andJack,whowasrecoveringfromaheartoperation,was

21yearsold.

FourdayslaterAnnwasstilllookingafterthedog,whomtheyhadstartedtocall

Riley.Whenshearrivedhomefromwork,thedogthrewitselfagainstthescreendoor

andbarkedmadlyather.Assoonassheopenedthedoor,Rileydashedintotheboys'

roomwhereAnnfoundJacksufferingfromaheartattack.RileyranovertoJack,but

assoonasAnnbentovertohelphimthedogwentsilent.

“Ifithadn'tcometogetme,thedoctorsaidJackwouldhavedied,^^Annreportedto

alocalnewspaper.Atthispoint,noonehadcalledtoclaimthedog,soAnndecidedto

keepit.

ThenextmorningTracygotacall.AmannamedPeterrecognizedhislostdogand

calledthenumberontheflier.Tracystartedcrying,andtoldhim,"Thatdogsavedmy

friend'sson.”

PeterdrovetoAnn'shousetopickuphisdog,andsawThomasandJackcryingin

thewindow.AfterafewmomentsPetersaid,“MaybeOdiewassupposedtofindyou,

maybeyoushouldkeepit.”

1.WhatdidTracydoafterfindingthedog?

A.ShelookedforritsownerB.ShegaveittoAnnasagift.

C.Shesoldittothedollarstore.D.Sheboughtsomefoodforit.

2.HowdidthedoghelpsaveJack?

A.BybreakingthedoorforAnn.B.ByleadingAnntoJack'sroom.

C.BydraggingJackoutoftheroom.D.ByattendingJackwhenAnnwasout.

3.WhatwasAnn'sattitudetothedogaccordingtoParagraph4?

A.SympatheticB.DoubtfulC.TolerantD.Grateful

4.ForwhatpurposedidPetercallTracy?

A.Tohelpherfriend^son.B.TointerviewTracy

C.Totakebackhisdog.D.Toreturnthefliertoher.

5.Whatcanweinferaboutthedogfromthelastparagraph?

A.ItwouldbegiventoOdie.B.ItwouldbekeptbyAnn'family.

C.ItwouldbereturnedtoPeter.D.ItwouldbetakenawaybyTracy.

【語篇解讀】本文是新聞報告類記敘文。本文報道了一只被撿到的聰明的小狗

挽救主人家兒子的故事。當Ann到家的時候，小狗瘋狂地叫。把Ann吸引到Jack

的房間，原來Jack患了心臟病。最后狗的主人Peter把夠留給了Ann一家。

1.A推理題。

【信息定位】根據題干可定位到文章第二段。

【精準解析】根據文章第2段1,2行Tracytookphotosofthedogandprintedoff

400FOUNDfliers（傳單），andputtheminmailboxes.可知Tracy拍了狗的作品，

并印刷了400張傳單發出去，正是為了幫助尋找到狗的主人。A項為尋找狗的主

人，符合上下文含義。故選A項。

2.B推理題。

【信息定位】根據題干可定位到文章第三段。

【精準解析】根據文章第三段Whenshearrivedhomefromwork,thedogthrew

itselfagainstthescreendoorandbarkedmadlyather.Assoonassheopenedthedoor,

Rileydashedintotheboys'roomwhereAnnfoundJacksufferingfromaheartattack.

RileyranovertoJack,butassoonasAnnbentovertohelphimthedogwentsilent.

可知當Ann到家的時候，小狗瘋狂地叫。把Ann吸引到Jack的房間，原來Jack

患了心臟病。故選B項。

3.D推理題。

【信息定位】根據題干可定位到文章第四段。

【精準解析】根據文章第四段1,2行“Ifithadn'tcometogetme,thedoctorsaid

Jackwouldhavedied,“Annreportedtoalocalnewspaper可知如果不是小狗,Jack

可能就會死于心臟病。可知Ann對于小狗挽救了她的兒子是十分感激的。故選D

項。

4.C推理題。

【信息定位】根據題干可定位到文章最后二段。

【精準解析】根據文章最后2段第一句ThenextmorningTracygotacall.Aman

namedPeterrecognizedhislostdogandcalledthenumberontheflier.和Peter

drovetoAnn'shousetopickuphisdog,可知Peter打電話并開車過來是為了接走失

的小狗回家的。故選C項。

5.B推理題。

【信息定位】根據題干可定位到文章最后一段。

【精準解析】根據文章最后2行AfterafewmomentsPetersaid,"MaybeOdie

wassupposedtofindyou,maybeyoushouldkeepit.”可矢口Peter最后并沒有帶走這

只小狗，而是把小狗留給了Ann的孩子。故選B。

6.

標題：正面評價兒童運動

體裁：說明文難度：★★★詞數：278建議用時：5分鐘

Sportisnotonlyphysicallychallenging,butitcanalsobementallychallenging.

Criticismfromcoaches,parents,andotherteammates,aswellaspressuretowincan

createtoomuchanxietyorstressforyoungathletes（運動員）.Stresscanbephysical,

emotional,orpsychological,andresearchhasshownthatitcanleadtoburnout.

Burnouthasbeendescribedasdroppingorquittingofanactivitythatwasatonetime

enjoyable.

Theearlyyearsofdevelopmentarecriticalyearsforlearningaboutoneself.

Thesportsettingisonewherevaluableexperiencescantakeplace.Youngathletescan,

forexample,learnhowtocooperatewithothers,makefriends,andgainothersocial

skillsthatwillbeusedthroughouttheirlives.Coachesandparentsshouldbeaware,at

alltimes,thattheirfeedback（反饋）toyoungsterscangreatlyaffecttheirchildren.

Youngstersmaytaketheirparents1andcoaches'criticismstoheartandfindaflaw（缺

陷）inthemselves.

Coachesandparentsshouldalsobecautiousthatyouthsportparticipation

doesnotbecomeworkforchildren.Theoutcomeofthegameshouldnotbemore

importantthantheprocessoflearningthesportandotherlifelessons.Intoday'syouth

sportsetting,youngathletesmaybeworriedmoreaboutwhowillwininsteadof

enjoyingthemselvesandthesport.Followingagame,manyparentsandcoaches

focusontheoutcomeandfindfaultwithyoungsters*performances.Positive

reinforcementshouldbeprovidedregardlessoftheoutcome.Researchshowsthat

positivereinforcementmotivateslearningandhasagreatereffectonlearningthan

criticism.Again,criticismcancreatehighlevelsofstress,whichcanleadtoburnout.

1.Accordingtothepassagesportispositiveforyoungpeoplebecause.

A.itcanhelpthemlearnmoreaboutsociety

B.itteachesthemhowtosetrealisticgoalsforthemselves

C.itenablesthemtofindflawsinthemselves

D.itcanprovidethemwithvaluableexperiences

2.Manycoachesandparentsareinthehabitofcriticizingyoungathletes

A.withoutrealizingcriticismmaydestroytheirself-confidence

B.inordertomakethemrememberlife'slessons

C.believingthatcriticismisbeneficialfortheirearlydevelopment

D.soastoputmorepressureonthem

3.Accordingtothepassageparentsandcoachesshould.

A.helpchildrentowineverygame

B.paymoreattentiontolettingchildrenenjoysports

C.enablechildrentounderstandthepositiveaspectofsports

D.trainchildrentocopewithstress

4.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassageis.

A.topersuadeyoungchildrennottoworryaboutcriticism

B.tostresstheimportanceofpositivereinforcementtochildren

C.todiscusstheskillofcombiningcriticismwithencouragement

D.toteachyoungathleteshowtoavoidburnout

【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章說明了在兒童運動時，父母以及教練的評價

反饋的重要性，建議我們在孩子運動時多作正面評價，少批評。

1.D細節理解題。

【信息定位】根據題干可定位到文章第二段。

【精準解析】根據文章第二段第二句可知，運動時會有很多寶貴的經歷，也就

是說在體育場上兒童會獲得很多寶貴的經歷，故選D項。

2.A推理判斷題。

【信息定位】根據題干可定位到文章第二段。

【精準解析】根據文章第二段最后兩句可知，教練和父母應該意識到他們的反

饋會對孩子產生很大的影響，孩子會把他們的批評記在心里，從而動搖自己的信

心。但是現在仍然有很多父母和教練在批評孩子，這就說明他們沒有意識到這個

問題，故選A項。

3.B推理判斷題。

【信息定位】根據題干可定位到文章第三段。

【精準解析】根據文章第三段第二、三句可知，比賽的結果遠遠不如在運動中

學習的過程更重要，我們要讓孩子享受運動的過程，而不是僅僅關注結果，故選

B項。

4.B推理判斷題。

【信息定位】根據題干可定位到文章最后一段。

【精準解析】作者在本文中詳細敘述了運動對于身體和智力的作用，如果在運

動中父母和教練對孩子的表現做出負面的評價，將會動搖孩子的自信。應該讓孩

子享受運動，因為孩子在運動的過程中所學到的東西遠比比賽的結果更重要。所

以本文是為了強調對孩子的正面評價的重要性，故選B項。

7

標題：擁有人類基因的牛

體裁：說明文詞數：335難度：★★★建議用時：6分鐘

ScientistsinArgentinahavecreatedtheworld'sfirstcowtoowntwohuman

genesthatwillenableittoproducehuman-likemilk,whichismatchlessupto

now.ltisabreakthroughintheareaofclone.

Geneticengineeringwasusedtointroducethe"mothers'milk,9genesintothe

animalbeforebirth,accordingtotheNationalInstituteofAgribusinessTechnologyin

BuenosAires.

Asanadult,theclonedcow“willproducemilkthatissimilartothatofhumans99,

whichwillprove"adevelopmentofgreatimportanceforthenutritionofinfants^,as

itissaidinastatement.

“Theclonedcow,namedRositaISA,isthefirstonebornintheworldthatowns

twohumangenesthatcontaintheproteinspresentinhumanmilk,“thestatement

said.

InApril,scientistsinChinapublisheddetailsofresearchshowingthattheyhad

createdGMHolsteindairycowswhichproducedmilkcontainingproteinsfoundin

humanbreastmilk.

ButtheArgentineteamsaystheChineseonlyintroducedonehumangene,

whereastheirresearchinvolvedtwogenes,meaningthemilkwillmoreclosely

resemblethatofhumans.

RositaISAwasbornonApril6andwasdeliveredbyCaesareansectionbecause

sheweighedaround100pounds,roughlytwicethenormalweightofJerseyCows.

AdrianMutto,fromtheNationalUniversityofSanMartinsaid,“Ourgoalwasto

raisethenutritionalvalueofcows*milkbyaddingtwohumangenes,theprotein

lactoferrinandlysozyme,whichcanprovidenewly—bornbabieswithanti-bacterial

andanti—viral（抗病毒）protection.^^

CristinaKirchner,PresidentofArgentina,saidthatthescientificinstitute“makes

allArgentinesproud”.Shealsorevealedthatshehadrejectedthe“honor“ofhaving

thecownamedafterher.t4TheycometotellmethatthenameisCristina,butwhat

womanwouldliketohaveacownamedafterher?Itappearedtometobemore

appropriatetocallitRosita.”

l.WhatcanweknowaboutRositaISAaccordingtothepassage?

A.Itsmilkhaslargernutritionalvaluethanothers*.

B.Itisthefirstcowwithahumangene.

C.ItisasheavyasJerseycows.

D.Itsmilkhasthesameproteinsashumanbreastmilk.

2.LactoferrinandLysozymeinmilk.

A.canoffermoreproteinsincowmilk

B.helpprovidemoremilkfromcow

C.canincreasetheproductionofmilk

D.aregoodforbabies*health

3.We