專題03動詞不定式和動詞短語的用法動詞不定式一、基本用法1.動詞不定式的形式動詞不定式的基本形式是“to+動詞原形”，使用時有時可以不帶to，動詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句子中不能做謂語，to本身無意義，動詞不定式同其后的賓語構成不定式短語。2.動詞不定式的否定形式（1）動詞不定式（短語）做主語動詞不定式（短語）在句中做主語時，一般位于句首，相當于名詞或代詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，有時為了避免句子頭重腳輕，常用it做形式主語。Tolearnforeignlanguagesisveryuseful.學外語很有用。Ithinkit’snecessaryforustoreadalot.我認為大量閱讀對我們有必要。（2）動詞不定式（短語）做表語動詞不定式（短語）做表語常表示主語的“職業(yè)、職責或性質(zhì)”等。從時間概念上說含有將來意義，常用于be動詞的后面。Mydutyistolookaftertheanimals.我的職責就是照看這些動物。（3）動詞不定式（短語）做賓語動詞不定式（短語）做賓語有兩種情況：一種是及物動詞后直接跟帶to的不定式，另—種是“及物動詞+疑問詞+帶to的不定式?！盜hopetoseeyoutomorrow.我希望明天見到你。注意其后常接動詞不定式做賓語的動詞有：想要，拒絕，忘記（want,refuse,forget）需要，努力，學習（need,try,learn）選擇，同意，幫助（choose,agree,help）希望，決定，開始（hope/wish/expect,decide,begin/start）（4）動詞不定式（短語）做賓語補足語常接動詞不定式做賓語補足語的動詞有：tell,ask,want,teach,allow,promise,order,advise,expect,wish,invite,encourage,make,warn,help等。Theyaskedhimtosingapopsongattheparty.他們請他在宴會上唱一首流行歌曲。（5）動詞不定式（短語）做定語動詞不定式（短語）做定語常用來修飾名詞或不定代詞，置于被修飾詞之后，即做后置定語。—Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat？你想要些吃的嗎？—Yes,please.好的。注意動詞不定式（短語）做定語修飾名詞時，與其所修飾的名詞具有邏輯上的動賓關系，如果不定式中的動詞為不及物動詞，其后應加上一個含義上所需要的介詞。Theoldmanhasnohousetolivein.這位老人沒有房子住。（6）動詞不定式（短語）做狀語動詞不定式（短語）做狀語往往表示目的、原因、結(jié)果、比較和獨立成分。表示原因和結(jié)果時不置于句首。①動詞不定式做目的狀語，可以放在句首，一般用逗號隔開，也可以放在句尾。Togetthereontime,theystartedearly.為了準時趕到那兒，他們很早就出發(fā)了。②動詞不定式做結(jié)果狀語，常用在too...to...結(jié)構中。Theboyistooyoungtolookafterhimself.這個男孩太小，還不能照顧自己。③動詞不定式做原因狀語，常跟在做表語的形容詞后。I’mveryhappytoreceiveyourletter.很高興收到你的來信。二、特殊用法1.不定式（短語）做主語時，常用it代替它做形式主語，而將不定式放到后面，有三種情況：（1）Itis+名詞+todosth.It’sourdutytoprotecttheenvironment.保護環(huán)境是我們的責任。（2）Ittakes/tooksb.+sometime+todosth.Howlongdidittakeyoutofinishyourhomework？你花了多長時間完成作業(yè)？（3）Itis+形容詞（easy/kind/important/diffcult/foolish/right/silly/nice…）+（for/ofsb.）+todosth.Itiscleverofyoutodothat.你那樣做很聰明。2.feel,find,make,think等動詞后如果是不定式做賓語，賓語補足語是形容詞或名詞，常用it做形式主語，把不定式后移。IfinditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.我發(fā)現(xiàn)學好英語很難。3.省略to的動詞不定式的四種情況。（1）在使役動詞have,make,let之后。Hismothermakeshimsweepthefloor.他媽媽讓他掃地。（2）在感官動詞（短語）feel,hear,see,watch,notice,listento,lookat之后。Didyounoticeherleavetheroom？她離開房間時你注意到了嗎？（3）help后的不定式可省略to，也可帶上to。Heoftenhelpsme（to）learnmaths.他經(jīng)常幫助我學數(shù)學。（4）在一些固定搭配中，如“hadbetterdosth.”，“Whynotdosth.？”，“wouldratherdosth.thandosth.”等。1．—Myteacheradvisesme________harderatPhysics.—Yes,youshould.Oryou’llfail________themonthlytest.A．work;topass B．towork;topass C．towork;pass D．work;pass2．Thismorning,Lindaagreed________tothelibrarywithmeafterschool.A．go B．togo C．going D．went3．Inordertoprotecttheenvironment,anumberofpeoplechoose________toworkbysubway.A．went B．goes C．going D．togo4．Hesaidhehadanimportantmeeting______.A．a(chǎn)ttend B．wouldattend C．a(chǎn)ttending D．toattend5．Thisisthebestway________allkindsofplants.A．grow B．togrow C．a(chǎn)boutgrowing D．ingrowing6．—Whyareyousoexcited?—Peterinvitedme________onatriptoYuntaiMountain.A．togo B．going C．go D．went7．Iadviseyou________anythingoutofthewindowwhiledriving.A．tothrow B．throwing C．nottothrow D．notthrowing8．Hemadeus________bymakingfaces.A．tolaugh B．laughing C．laugh D．laughed9．—Maryisverygenerous.—Yes,shegaveawayallhermoneysheowned________peopleinneed.A．tohelp B．tohelping C．helped D．helping10．________ourwishes,wemusttryourbesttoworkhard.A．Realizing B．Torealize C．Realized D．Havingrealized11．—Wheredidhego?—Hewenttoanotherstore________pencils.A．tobuy B．forbuying C．buy D．buying12．—Weshoulddowhatwecan________thespreadofvirus(病毒).—Youareright.Wecanoftenwashhandsandwearmasks.A．prevent B．toprevent C．preventing D．prevents13．Thetwotoysarebothniceandit’sreallyhardforthekid________.A．choice B．choose C．choosing D．tochoose14．________important________ustoexerciseourbrains.A．That’s;for B．It’s;for C．That’s;of D．It’s;of15．Whathesaidwas________difficultforus________understand.A．so;that B．to;to C．too;to D．such;that16．Thispassageisnot________foryou________understand.A．easyenough;for B．enougheasy;for C．easyenough;to D．enougheasy;to17．Pleaseasktheman________inthehall.A．tonotsmoke B．nottosmoke C．notsmoking D．tonotsmoking18．Mr.Linmademydad________,becauseitisbadforhishealth.A．don’tsmoke B．nottosmoke C．notsmoking D．notsmoke19．Jennyisgoingtothesupermarket.Andsheisaskinghermotherwhat________fortoday’sdinner.A．isbuying B．buyC．bought D．tobuy20．Theguestshaven’tdecidedwhichhotel________.A．tostay B．tostayfor C．tostaying D．tostayin基礎訓練提升訓練1．（23-24八年級下·上海普陀·期中）Itisdangerousforyou________theplug(插座)withwethands.A．touch B．totouch C．touching D．totouching2．（23-24八年級下·廣東廣州·期末）It’simportant______us______hardandachieveourdreams.A．for;working B．for;towork C．of;working D．of;towork3．（23-24八年級下·江蘇常州·期末）—Lookattherubbish.It’scareless________you________ithere.—Sorry.Iwillpickituprightaway.A．for,toleave B．of,toleave C．for;leaving D．of;leaving4．（23-24八年級上·天津和平·期中）Tomhopes________agoodstudentinhisclass.Buthisfatherwishes________agoodhealth.A．tobe;tohave B．himtobe;himtohave C．tobe;himtohave D．himtobe;tohave5．（23-24八年級下·云南玉溪·期末）AfterwatchingJiaLing’snewfilmYOLO(《熱辣滾燙》),manypeopleplan________weight.A．lose B．tolose C．lost D．losing6．（23-24八年級下·吉林松原·期末）Aliceoffered________avolunteer,shewantedtohelpthosedisabledpeople.A．be B．tobe C．being D．tobeing7．（23-24八年級下·山東青島·期末）Sallycan’twait______TreasureIsland.A．reads B．reading C．toread D．read8．（23-24八年級下·陜西西安·期末）Singaporeisagoodplace________yourEnglish.A．practice B．practicing C．topractice D．practices9．（23-24八年級下·黑龍江綏化·期中）Bobdoesn’thavetime________volleyballwithme.A．toplay B．play C．playing D．toplaying10．（2022·江蘇南京·中考真題）—Ihavelesshomeworkthanbefore.—Metoo.Nowwehaveenoughtime________books.A．read B．reads C．toread D．reading11．（23-24八年級下·甘肅隴南·期末）Ourschooldoesn’tallowus________computergames.A．play B．playing C．toplay D．played12．（23-24八年級下·云南普洱·期末）Nowadays,manyschoolsencouragestudents________vegetablestoletthemunderstandwherefoodscomefrom.A．grow B．grew C．growing D．togrow13．（23-24八年級下·江蘇泰州·期末）—Ioftenhearthem________theirtravelplanthesedays.—Oh,theycan’tdecidewhichcity________.A．todiscuss;tostart B．discuss;tostartwithC．todiscuss;start D．discuss;startwith14．（23-24八年級下·天津河北·期末）Ourteacheradvisesus________eachotherwhenweareintrouble.A．tohelp B．helped C．helping D．help15．（23-24八年級下·安徽合肥·期中）—Whydidn’tthedoctorsstop________lunch?—Becausetheywerebusy________apatient.A．tohave;tosave B．having;savingC．tohave;saving D．having;tosave16．（23-24八年級下·安徽阜陽·期末）________thetaskontime,theworkerswereworkingdayandnight.A．Finishing B．Finish C．Tofinish D．Finished17．（23-24八年級下·云南大理·期末）Weshoulddoeverythingwecan______theanimalsindanger.A．save B．tosave C．saving D．saved18．（23-24八年級下·甘肅武威·期末）Wemustdosomething________theleft-behindchildreninruralareas.A．help B．helps C．helping D．tohelp19．（23-24八年級下·江蘇揚州·期末）Therealfactisthatmanycustomers(顧客)justdon’tknowwho__________solveproblemswithhousequalities.A．tocomplaintoto B．tocomplainto C．tocomplain D．complained20．（24-25八年級上·吉林長春·期末）Kate,I’m________tired________walkanymore.Let’shavearest.A．so;that B．such;that C．enough;to D．too;to21．（23-24八年級下·廣東廣州·期末）OurEnglishteacherispatientenough______muchtimeexplaininggrammarrulestous.A．spend B．spending C．tospend D．spent22．（21-22八年級下·湖北孝感·期中）—Mygrandparentsaretooold__________.—Yes,buttheyshouldoftenhaveawalk.A．towork B．works C．work D．working23．（23-24八年級下·上海浦東新·期中）Theteacheroftenwarnsus______tricksonothers.A．don’tplay B．nottoplay C．notplay D．won’tplay24．（23-24八年級下·江蘇徐州·期中）—MayDayholidayiscoming.Whichcityareyougoingtovisit?—Oh,Ihaven’tdecided________.A．wheretogo B．howtovisitit C．whattoread D．whotoask25．（23-24八年級下·安徽馬鞍山·期末）—Idon’tknow________todowiththisproblem.Canyouhelpme?—Noproblem.A．when B．how C．where D．what動詞短語1.同一介詞/副詞型for短語 askfor請求 carefor關心；關懷leavefor動身去cheerfor為……加油payfor為……付錢preparefor為……做準備searchfor搜尋；尋找 sendfor派人去請standfor代表；象征waitfor等待 thanksfor因……而感謝up短語 addup加起來；合計 bringup提出；養(yǎng)育；培養(yǎng)cheerup使振奮cleanup清理；打掃useup用完；用盡callup打電話dressup穿上盛裝；裝扮 eatup吃光endup最終成為；最后處于fixup修理；修補 stayup熬夜tidyup整理；收拾growup成長；長大 hurryup趕快out短語 blowout吹滅breakout（戰(zhàn)爭、火災等）突然發(fā)生；爆發(fā)pointout指出bringout使顯現(xiàn)；使變得明顯 carryout執(zhí)行；貫徹findout查明；發(fā)現(xiàn)down短語 breakdown停止運轉(zhuǎn)；出故障 calmdown平靜下來slowdown放慢速度diedown變?nèi)?；逐漸消失 falldown倒塌；跌倒knockdown拆除；撞倒；擊倒liedown躺下 pulldown拆掉；拆毀lookdown俯視；輕視sitdown坐下 shutdown關閉；停業(yè)writedown寫下；記下away短語 blowaway驅(qū)散；吹走 getaway離開；逃脫passaway去世flyaway飛走 runaway逃跑throwaway扔掉about短語 argueabout爭論 bringabout引起；造成careabout關心；在意hearabout聽說 hangabout閑逛talkabout談論thinkabout考慮 worryabout擔心at短語 aimat瞄準；旨在 laughat嘲笑arriveat到達（小地方）knockat敲 pointat指向…… smileat沖……微笑shoutat對……大喊 stare...at凝視；盯著看off短語 runoff流失；逃跑 dropoff入睡；下降falloff減少；跌落leaveoff停止；中斷 shutoff關閉；切斷payoff償清（欠款等）ringoff掛斷電話 sendoff發(fā)送；郵寄setoff動身；啟程showoff炫耀 giveoff（散）發(fā)出；放出（氣味、熱、光等）on短語 agreeon就……達成共識 callon號召；拜訪 dependon依靠；依賴feedon以……為食focuson集中于 holdon別掛電話；堅持keepon繼續(xù)前行 passon傳遞 tryon試穿workon從事于；忙于With短語 agreewith同意 beginwith以……開始comparewith與……相比connectwith與……相連catchupwith追上；趕上fallinlovewith愛上（某人或某物）dealwith解決；處理 gowith伴隨playwith和……一起玩partwith放棄；交出（難舍之物）stay/keepintouchwith與……保持聯(lián)系sharewith與……分享 talkwith和……交談in短語 breakin強行闖入；打斷 bringin引入checkin報到；登記fillin填寫 resultin導致；引起handin上交takein吸收；收入 believein信任；信賴考向2.同一動詞型come短語comeon加油；快點兒 comeout出現(xiàn)；出版comeover順便來訪comealong出現(xiàn)；進展 comeupwith提出；想出comeback回來comeup出現(xiàn)；升起 comedown落下；崩塌comein進來comeacross（偶然）遇見 cometrue（希望、夢想等）實現(xiàn)cut短語cutdown削減；砍倒 cutup切碎cutin插嘴cutinto侵犯；打斷 cutout刪去；停止cutoff切斷；中斷Keep短語keepon繼續(xù)下去 keepout留在外面keepawayfrom遠離keepoff使……不接近keepupwith跟上 keepintouchwith和……保持聯(lián)系look短語lookat看 lookafter照顧；照料lookinto調(diào)查lookout當心；留神lookup查閱；查找lookfor尋找；盼望lookaround環(huán)顧 lookover查看；檢查lookthrough瀏覽lookback回顧 lookupto尊敬；欽佩lookforwardto盼望lookoutfor留心；注意察看 looklike看起來像put短語putup舉起；搭建；張貼 putdown寫下；放下 putback把……放回原處putinto注入；投入 putaway放好 puton穿上；上演；增加putout熄滅 putoff推遲putthrough接通（電話）turn短語turnover翻身；（使）翻轉(zhuǎn) turnout結(jié)果是；證明是 turnon打開（電燈等）turnoff關閉（電燈等） turnaway把……拒之門外 turnup開大；調(diào)高turndown調(diào)低，關??；拒絕 turnin上交；歸還 turnto求助于turnaround（使）轉(zhuǎn)身get短語getup起床 geton上車（船、飛機等） getoff下車（船、飛機等）getdown下來 getinto進入；陷入 getto到達getback回來go短語goon繼續(xù) goaway走開；離開；消失goahead進行；前進goalong繼續(xù)前進；沿著……走 goby（時間）流逝 goover復習；仔細檢查gooff爆炸；（警報等）響起 godown下降 goup上升；增長goout熄滅；出去（娛樂） gothrough通過 goback返回give短語giveup放棄 givein屈服；讓步giveaway捐贈；泄露giveout散發(fā)；分發(fā) giveover停止；交出 giveback歸還；恢復take短語takeup占用；開始從事 takedown寫下；記下takeaway帶走；拿走takeover接收；接管 takeout拿出；除去；扣除 takecareof照顧takeplace舉行；發(fā)生 takepridein以……為傲takepartin參加takeafter（在外貌、性格等方面）與（父母等）相像taketheplaceof代替考向3混合型混合辨析，即選項通常設置為“不同動詞+不同介詞/副詞”，需要考生熟記動詞短語。基礎訓練1．Please_________thepicturesfromthewall.Weneedtoputupanewoneonit.A．takedown B．takeafter C．takeout D．takeup2．Myalarmclockdidn’t_________thismorning,soIwaslateforschool.A．putoff B．cutoff C．getoff D．gooff3．Letme_________thebrokenglassbeforesomeonewalksonit.A．fixup B．cleanup C．makeup D．putup4．Weshouldsavenaturalresources(自然資源),ortheywill_________oneday.A．putout B．sellout C．getout D．runout5．—Ted,couldyouplease_________therubbish?

—Ofcourse,Mom.A．takeafter B．takeup C．takedown D．takeout6．LinTaoargueswithhisbestfriend.Iadvisedhimto_________hisbestfriendfirst.A．lookup B．callup C．putup D．setup7．Idon’tthinkit’sproperforparentsto_________theirkids’diaries.A．lookback B．lookafter C．lookthrough D．lookfor8．Theywerewalkinginthemountain.They_________waterandhadnothingtodrink.A．ranacross B．ranoutof C．ranafter D．ranaway9．Hedidn’twantto_________thebusbecauseitwasrainingoutside.A．getback B．getout C．getup D．getoff10．Ifyoualways________toothers,youwillendupfeelinglikeadoormat(受氣包).A．giveup B．givein C．giveback D．giveaway11．Thelastparagraphisunnecessary.Just________.A．cutitup B．cutitout C．cutupit D．cutoutit12．TheMonkeyKingisnotanormalmonkey.Hecan________himself________differentanimalsandobjects.A．turn;off B．turn;up C．turn;into D．turn;out13．Teachersareverybusythesedays,fortheyhavealotofproblemsto________.A．dealwith B．keepupwith C．a(chǎn)greewith D．comeupwith14．—Julie,whydidyou________thejob?—BecauseIhadfoundabetterone.A．turnup B．turndownC．lookfor D．lookthrough15．_______!Lookatthefloor,itiswet.A．Goout B．Lookout C．Breakout D．Setout16．—Childrenshouldlearnsomebasiclifeskills,likecooking,washingclothesandtidyingtheroom.—Ithinkso.Theyshouldn’talways________theirparents.A．lookafter B．dependon C．takepridein D．getonwith17．Annwantsto_________hertripbecauseshehasworktodo.A．putoff B．cleanup C．tryout D．giveaway18．Wemust_________thestudentscanstudyinaquietandpeacefulclassroom.A．makesure B．findout C．giveup D．tryon19．MissLiaskedusto_________somenewideasforourradioplay.A．catchupwith B．comeupwithC．handout D．bringout20．Youcan_________Cindy.Shealwayskeepsherpromises.A．lookafter B．hearfrom C．findout D．dependon提升訓練1．（2024·四川廣元·中考真題）DuringtheSpringFestival,Chinesepeopleusually________theChinesecharacter“褔”upsidedownonthefrontdoorofahouse.A．putup B．putoff C．puton D．putdown2．（2024·江蘇徐州·中考真題）Iamplanningto________thenewhobbyinthesummerholiday.Iwon’tspendmysparetimeonmymobilephonealldaylong.A．pickup B．turnup C．getup D．lookup3．（2024·內(nèi)蒙古·中考真題）—Ithinkmylifeissoboring.—Whydon’tyou________somehobbieslikesingingordancing?A．putup B．takeup C．getup D．showup4．（2024·西藏·中考真題）Humanbeingsshould________thenature.A．dealwith B．comeupwithC．catchupwith D．getalongwellwith5．（2024·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·中考真題）—Mum,couldyouplease________theposterinmybedroom?Ireallylikeit!—Sure,baby.A．giveup B．takeup C．putup D．mopup6．（2024·江蘇宿遷·中考真題）InSwitzerland,acountrywithhighmountainsandcleanbluelakes,people_______itsrichresourcestolive.A．carryon B．tryon C．dependon D．puton7．（2024·吉林長春·中考真題）—Mom,couldI________theTV?Iwanttowatchthenewsaboutspace.—Ofcourse.Anddon’tsittooclose.A．turnon B．turnoff C．puton D．putoff8．（2024·江蘇無錫·中考真題）IknowhowbusyyouareandIwon’t________toomuchofyourtime.A．takeup B．setup C．makeup D．putup9．（2024·四川雅安·中考真題）—Shenzhou-18wassuccessfullylaunched(發(fā)射)intothespaceonApril25th,2024.—WeChinese____________it.A．runoutof B．takecareof C．a(chǎn)reafraidof D．a(chǎn)reproudof10．（2024·甘肅臨夏·中考真題）Wearesupposedto________thelightswhenweleavetheroom.A．turndown B．turnup C．turnoff D．turnon11．（2024·安徽·中考真題）Therecanbesometroubleatthebeginning,butthingswill________wellintheend.A．breakup B．giveup C．setout D．turnout12．（2024·云南·中考真題）Thestudentsworkedingroupsto________thedifficultprobleminthemathclass.A．workout B．turndown C．cutoff D．worryabout13．（2024·甘肅白銀·中考真題）Mygrandpadecidedto________smokingforhishealth.A．giveaway B．giveout C．giveback D．giveup14．（2024·四川瀘州·中考真題）Whenyou________Mamianqun(horse-faceskirt),youwillsensethebeautyofChina’straditionalclothing.A．turnon B．getonC．puton D．dependon15．（2024·天津·中考真題）Emailisoneofthegreatwaysto_________friends.A．takepridein B．keepclearofC．getintothehabitof D．stayintouchwith

專題03動詞不定式和動詞短語的用法動詞不定式一、基本用法1.動詞不定式的形式動詞不定式的基本形式是“to+動詞原形”，使用時有時可以不帶to，動詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句子中不能做謂語，to本身無意義，動詞不定式同其后的賓語構成不定式短語。2.動詞不定式的否定形式（1）動詞不定式（短語）做主語動詞不定式（短語）在句中做主語時，一般位于句首，相當于名詞或代詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，有時為了避免句子頭重腳輕，常用it做形式主語。Tolearnforeignlanguagesisveryuseful.學外語很有用。Ithinkit’snecessaryforustoreadalot.我認為大量閱讀對我們有必要。（2）動詞不定式（短語）做表語動詞不定式（短語）做表語常表示主語的“職業(yè)、職責或性質(zhì)”等。從時間概念上說含有將來意義，常用于be動詞的后面。Mydutyistolookaftertheanimals.我的職責就是照看這些動物。（3）動詞不定式（短語）做賓語動詞不定式（短語）做賓語有兩種情況：一種是及物動詞后直接跟帶to的不定式，另—種是“及物動詞+疑問詞+帶to的不定式。”Ihopetoseeyoutomorrow.我希望明天見到你。注意其后常接動詞不定式做賓語的動詞有：想要，拒絕，忘記（want,refuse,forget）需要，努力，學習（need,try,learn）選擇，同意，幫助（choose,agree,help）希望，決定，開始（hope/wish/expect,decide,begin/start）（4）動詞不定式（短語）做賓語補足語常接動詞不定式做賓語補足語的動詞有：tell,ask,want,teach,allow,promise,order,advise,expect,wish,invite,encourage,make,warn,help等。Theyaskedhimtosingapopsongattheparty.他們請他在宴會上唱一首流行歌曲。（5）動詞不定式（短語）做定語動詞不定式（短語）做定語常用來修飾名詞或不定代詞，置于被修飾詞之后，即做后置定語?！猈ouldyoulikesomethingtoeat？你想要些吃的嗎？—Yes,please.好的。注意動詞不定式（短語）做定語修飾名詞時，與其所修飾的名詞具有邏輯上的動賓關系，如果不定式中的動詞為不及物動詞，其后應加上一個含義上所需要的介詞。Theoldmanhasnohousetolivein.這位老人沒有房子住。（6）動詞不定式（短語）做狀語動詞不定式（短語）做狀語往往表示目的、原因、結(jié)果、比較和獨立成分。表示原因和結(jié)果時不置于句首。①動詞不定式做目的狀語，可以放在句首，一般用逗號隔開，也可以放在句尾。Togetthereontime,theystartedearly.為了準時趕到那兒，他們很早就出發(fā)了。②動詞不定式做結(jié)果狀語，常用在too...to...結(jié)構中。Theboyistooyoungtolookafterhimself.這個男孩太小，還不能照顧自己。③動詞不定式做原因狀語，常跟在做表語的形容詞后。I’mveryhappytoreceiveyourletter.很高興收到你的來信。二、特殊用法1.不定式（短語）做主語時，常用it代替它做形式主語，而將不定式放到后面，有三種情況：（1）Itis+名詞+todosth.It’sourdutytoprotecttheenvironment.保護環(huán)境是我們的責任。（2）Ittakes/tooksb.+sometime+todosth.Howlongdidittakeyoutofinishyourhomework？你花了多長時間完成作業(yè)？（3）Itis+形容詞（easy/kind/important/diffcult/foolish/right/silly/nice…）+（for/ofsb.）+todosth.Itiscleverofyoutodothat.你那樣做很聰明。2.feel,find,make,think等動詞后如果是不定式做賓語，賓語補足語是形容詞或名詞，常用it做形式主語，把不定式后移。IfinditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.我發(fā)現(xiàn)學好英語很難。3.省略to的動詞不定式的四種情況。（1）在使役動詞have,make,let之后。Hismothermakeshimsweepthefloor.他媽媽讓他掃地。（2）在感官動詞（短語）feel,hear,see,watch,notice,listento,lookat之后。Didyounoticeherleavetheroom？她離開房間時你注意到了嗎？（3）help后的不定式可省略to，也可帶上to。Heoftenhelpsme（to）learnmaths.他經(jīng)常幫助我學數(shù)學。（4）在一些固定搭配中，如“hadbetterdosth.”，“Whynotdosth.？”，“wouldratherdosth.thandosth.”等。1．—Myteacheradvisesme________harderatPhysics.—Yes,youshould.Oryou’llfail________themonthlytest.A．work;topass B．towork;topass C．towork;pass D．work;pass【答案】B【詳解】句意：——我的老師建議我更努力地學習物理?！堑?，你應該這樣做。否則你將無法通過月考。考查非謂語動詞。advisesbtodosth表示“建議某人做某事”，可排除AD選項；failtodosth表示“未能做某事”。故選B。2．Thismorning,Lindaagreed________tothelibrarywithmeafterschool.A．go B．togo C．going D．went【答案】B【詳解】句意：今天早上，琳達同意放學后和我一起去圖書館?？疾榉侵^語動詞。agreetodosth.“同意做某事”，此處動詞不定式作賓語，故選B。3．Inordertoprotecttheenvironment,anumberofpeoplechoose________toworkbysubway.A．went B．goes C．going D．togo【答案】D【詳解】句意：為了保護環(huán)境，許多人選擇乘地鐵去上班?？疾閯釉~不定式。went動詞過去式；goes動詞三單；going動名詞或現(xiàn)在分詞；togo動詞不定式。choosetodosth表示“選擇做某事”，空處用動詞不定式。故選D。4．Hesaidhehadanimportantmeeting______.A．a(chǎn)ttend B．wouldattend C．a(chǎn)ttending D．toattend【答案】D【詳解】句意：他說他有一個重要的會議要參加?？疾榉侵^語動詞。根據(jù)“hehadanimportantmeeting”可知是有一個會議要參加，此處應用動詞不定式作定語。故選D。5．Thisisthebestway________allkindsofplants.A．grow B．togrow C．a(chǎn)boutgrowing D．ingrowing【答案】B【詳解】句意：這是種植各種植物的最好方法?？疾榉侵^語動詞。根據(jù)“Thisisthebestway”可知，此句考查thebestwaytodo“做某事的最佳方法”。故選B。6．—Whyareyousoexcited?—Peterinvitedme________onatriptoYuntaiMountain.A．togo B．going C．go D．went【答案】A【詳解】句意：——你為什么如此激動？——皮特邀請我到云臺山旅游。考查動詞不定式作賓語補足語。invitesbtodosth“邀請某人做某事”，動詞不定式作賓語補足語。故選A。7．Iadviseyou________anythingoutofthewindowwhiledriving.A．tothrow B．throwing C．nottothrow D．notthrowing【答案】C【詳解】句意：我建議你在開車時不要向窗外扔任何東西?？疾榉侵^語動詞。根據(jù)“Iadviseyou...anythingoutofthewindowwhiledriving.”可知此處指不要向窗外扔東西，advisesb.nottodosth.意為“建議某人不要做某事”，為固定搭配。故選C。8．Hemadeus________bymakingfaces.A．tolaugh B．laughing C．laugh D．laughed【答案】C【詳解】句意：他扮鬼臉逗我們笑?？疾榉侵^語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構可知，此處應用省略to的不定式，作賓補。故選C。9．—Maryisverygenerous.—Yes,shegaveawayallhermoneysheowned________peopleinneed.A．tohelp B．tohelping C．helped D．helping【答案】A【詳解】句意：——瑪麗很慷慨。

——是的，她把她所有的錢都捐出去幫助有需要的人?？疾閯釉~不定式。根據(jù)“shegaveawayallhermoneysheowned...people”可知，捐錢是為了幫助有需要的人，動詞不定式作目的狀語。故選A。10．________ourwishes,wemusttryourbesttoworkhard.A．Realizing B．Torealize C．Realized D．Havingrealized【答案】B【詳解】句意：為了實現(xiàn)愿望，我們必須努力?？疾榉侵^語動詞。根據(jù)“...ourwishes,wemusttryourbesttoworkhard.”可知，努力的目的是為了實現(xiàn)愿望，用不定式表目的。故選B。11．—Wheredidhego?—Hewenttoanotherstore________pencils.A．tobuy B．forbuying C．buy D．buying【答案】A【詳解】句意：——他去哪兒了?

——他去另一家商店買鉛筆了。考查動詞不定式的用法。根據(jù)“Hewenttoanotherstore...pencils.”可知，去另一家商店是為了買鉛筆，動詞不定式作目的狀語。故選A。12．—Weshoulddowhatwecan________thespreadofvirus(病毒).—Youareright.Wecanoftenwashhandsandwearmasks.A．prevent B．toprevent C．preventing D．prevents【答案】B【詳解】句意：——我們應該盡我們所能去阻止病毒的傳播。——你說得對。我們可以經(jīng)常洗手，戴口罩?？疾閯釉~不定式表目的。根據(jù)“Wecanoftenwashhandsandwearmasks.”可知，經(jīng)常洗手和戴口罩，我們做這些是為了防止病毒的傳播，因此該句中應用動詞不定式topreventthespreadofvirus作目的狀語。故選B。13．Thetwotoysarebothniceandit’sreallyhardforthekid________.A．choice B．choose C．choosing D．tochoose【答案】D【詳解】句意：這兩個玩具都很好，孩子很難選擇?？疾榉侵^語動詞。choice選擇，名詞；choose選擇，動詞。It’s+adj.+forsb.+todosth.“對某人來說，做某事是……的”，固定句式，其中it是形式主語，不定式為真正的主語。故選D。14．________important________ustoexerciseourbrains.A．That’s;for B．It’s;for C．That’s;of D．It’s;of【答案】B【詳解】句意：我們鍛煉大腦是非常重要的?？疾閕t的用法。根據(jù)句意并結(jié)合句子結(jié)構可知，此處為“It’s+adj.+for/ofsb.+todosth.”結(jié)構；如果句子中的形容詞說的是后面sb.的性格、品德、特點等，就用介詞of：如果不是，就用介詞for；important不是形容性格等，所以此處應用介詞for。故選B。15．Whathesaidwas________difficultforus________understand.A．so;that B．to;to C．too;to D．such;that【答案】C【詳解】句意：他所說的話對我們來說太難而無法理解?？疾樵~組辨析。根據(jù)第一空后的“difficult”可知，第一空只能填入程度副詞修飾形容詞，排除B和D；根據(jù)第二空后的“understand”可知，此處需填入不定式符號to，排除A。即本題考查的是“too+adj.+todosth.”，表“太……而不能做某事”，其中，動詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語。故選C。16．Thispassageisnot________foryou________understand.A．easyenough;for B．enougheasy;for C．easyenough;to D．enougheasy;to【答案】C【詳解】句意：這篇文章對你來說不夠容易理解?？疾閑nough用法和動詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語。easy容易的，形容詞；enough足夠地，副詞，修飾形容詞時置于形容詞之后，排除B和D。分析句子結(jié)構可知，此處考查notadj.enoughtodosth.“不足夠……做某事”，所以第二空處應用動詞不定式tounderstand作結(jié)果狀語，排除A。故選C。17．Pleaseasktheman________inthehall.A．tonotsmoke B．nottosmoke C．notsmoking D．tonotsmoking【答案】B【詳解】句意：請要求該男子不要在大廳內(nèi)吸煙?？疾閯釉~不定式的否定形式。根據(jù)“Pleaseasktheman…inthehall.”可知，asksb.nottodosth.表示“讓某人不要做某事”。故選B。18．Mr.Linmademydad________,becauseitisbadforhishealth.A．don’tsmoke B．nottosmoke C．notsmoking D．notsmoke【答案】D【詳解】句意：林先生讓我爸爸不吸煙，因為這對他的健康有害。考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)“becauseitisbadforhishealth”可知，此處是指讓爸爸不要吸煙，結(jié)合空前使役動詞“made”可知，此處考查makesb.notdosth.表示“使某人不做某事”。故選D。19．Jennyisgoingtothesupermarket.Andsheisaskinghermotherwhat________fortoday’sdinner.A．isbuying B．buyC．bought D．tobuy【答案】D【詳解】句意：Jenny要去超市。她問她媽媽今天的晚餐買什么?？疾榉侵^語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構可知，此處應用“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構，作賓補。故選D。20．Theguestshaven’tdecidedwhichhotel________.A．tostay B．tostayfor C．tostaying D．tostayin【答案】D【詳解】句意：客人們還沒有決定住進哪家旅館。考查動詞與介詞的搭配。stay“停留，逗留”；stayfor“逗留”，后接一段時間；stayin“在……（地方）停留”，后接地點。由“hotel”可知，此處要用stayin。故選D?；A訓練提升訓練1．（23-24八年級下·上海普陀·期中）Itisdangerousforyou________theplug(插座)withwethands.A．touch B．totouch C．touching D．totouching【答案】B【詳解】句意：你用濕手碰插頭是危險的?？疾榉侵^語動詞。該句考查“Itis+形容詞+forsb+todosth”固定結(jié)構，表示“對某人來說做某事是……的”，需接動詞不定式作邏輯主語。故選B。2．（23-24八年級下·廣東廣州·期末）It’simportant______us______hardandachieveourdreams.A．for;working B．for;towork C．of;working D．of;towork【答案】B【詳解】句意：對我們來說，努力工作和實現(xiàn)夢想是很重要的。考查it固定句型。根據(jù)“It’simportant…us…h(huán)ardandachieve”可知，形容詞important是描述做某事的效果或影響，因此該句考查itisadjforsbtodosth“對某人來說做某事是……的”。故選B。3．（23-24八年級下·江蘇常州·期末）—Lookattherubbish.It’scareless________you________ithere.—Sorry.Iwillpickituprightaway.A．for,toleave B．of,toleave C．for;leaving D．of;leaving【答案】B【詳解】句意：——看看這些垃圾。你把它留在這兒太粗心了?！獙Σ黄?。我馬上去取?？疾榻樵~和非謂語動詞。forsb.常用于表示事物的特征特點，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy,hard,difficult,interesting,important,impossible等；ofsb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right。Leave離開；第一空careless描述人的性格，用介詞of；It’s+形容詞+ofsbtodosth表示“某人做某事是……的”，it是形式主語，todosth是真正主語，故選B。4．（23-24八年級上·天津和平·期中）Tomhopes________agoodstudentinhisclass.Buthisfatherwishes________agoodhealth.A．tobe;tohave B．himtobe;himtohave C．tobe;himtohave D．himtobe;tohave【答案】C【詳解】句意：湯姆希望成為班里的好學生。但他的父親希望他有一個良好的健康。考查非謂語動詞。hopetodosth“希望做某事”；wish(sb)todosth“希望(某人)做某事”，根據(jù)語法規(guī)則，空一需用hopetodosth，可排除BD選項；根據(jù)“Buthisfatherwishes...agoodhealth.”可知，此處是指他的父親希望他有一個良好的健康，A選項語境不符合。故選C。5．（23-24八年級下·云南玉溪·期末）AfterwatchingJiaLing’snewfilmYOLO(《熱辣滾燙》),manypeopleplan________weight.A．lose B．tolose C．lost D．losing【答案】B【詳解】句意：看了賈玲的新電影《熱辣滾燙》后，很多人都計劃減肥?？疾榉侵^語動詞。plantodosth.“計劃做某事”，固定詞組。故選B。6．（23-24八年級下·吉林松原·期末）Aliceoffered________avolunteer,shewantedtohelpthosedisabledpeople.A．be B．tobe C．being D．tobeing【答案】B【詳解】句意：愛麗絲主動提出成為一名志愿者，她想幫助那些殘疾人?？疾閯釉~非謂語。offertodo“提出要做”，故選B。7．（23-24八年級下·山東青島·期末）Sallycan’twait______TreasureIsland.A．reads B．reading C．toread D．read【答案】C【詳解】句意：薩莉迫不及待讀《金銀島》了?？疾榉侵^語動詞。can’twaittodosth“迫不及待做某事”，為固定短語。故選B。8．（23-24八年級下·陜西西安·期末）Singaporeisagoodplace________yourEnglish.A．practice B．practicing C．topractice D．practices【答案】C【詳解】句意：新加坡是一個練習你的英語的好地方?？疾榉侵^語動詞。agoodplacetodosth表示“做某事的好地方”，不定式作后置定語。故選C。9．（23-24八年級下·黑龍江綏化·期中）Bobdoesn’thavetime________volleyballwithme.A．toplay B．play C．playing D．toplaying【答案】A【詳解】句意：鮑勃沒有時間和我一起打排球?？疾榉侵^語動詞。havetimetodosth.“有時間做某事”，固定用法。故選A。10．（2022·江蘇南京·中考真題）—Ihavelesshomeworkthanbefore.—Metoo.Nowwehaveenoughtime________books.A．read B．reads C．toread D．reading【答案】C【詳解】句意：——我現(xiàn)在的功課比以前少?！乙彩恰，F(xiàn)在我們有更多的時間去讀書了?？疾閯釉~不定式。read動詞原形；reads動詞三單；toread動詞不定式；reading動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。根據(jù)“Nowwehaveenoughtime...books.”可知，有足夠的時間去讀書，不定式在此作定語，且haveenoughtimetodosth.為固定搭配。故選C。11．（23-24八年級下·甘肅隴南·期末）Ourschooldoesn’tallowus________computergames.A．play B．playing C．toplay D．played【答案】C【詳解】句意：我們學校不允許我們玩電腦游戲?？疾榉侵^語動詞。play玩，動詞原形；playing玩，現(xiàn)在分詞或動名詞；toplay玩，動詞不定式；played玩，過去式或過去分詞。allowsbtodosth“允許某人做某事”。故選C。12．（23-24八年級下·云南普洱·期末）Nowadays,manyschoolsencouragestudents________vegetablestoletthemunderstandwherefoodscomefrom.A．grow B．grew C．growing D．togrow【答案】D【詳解】句意：現(xiàn)在，許多學校鼓勵學生種蔬菜來讓他們明白食物從哪里來。考查動詞不定式。根據(jù)“Nowadays,manyschoolsencouragestudents”可知，此處是固定搭配encouragesbtodosth“鼓勵某人做某事”，此處應用動詞不定式作賓語補足語。故選D。13．（23-24八年級下·江蘇泰州·期末）—Ioftenhearthem________theirtravelplanthesedays.—Oh,theycan’tdecidewhichcity________.A．todiscuss;tostart B．discuss;tostartwithC．todiscuss;start D．discuss;startwith【答案】B【詳解】句意：——這些天我經(jīng)常聽到他們討論他們的旅行計劃。——哦，他們不能決定從哪個城市開始?？疾榉侵^語動詞，“疑問詞+動詞不定式”結(jié)構和動詞短語。start開始；startwith從……開始。根據(jù)第一空前的often可知，此處表示經(jīng)常聽到某人做某事，應用短語hearsb.dosth.，所以第一空應填discuss；分析“theycan’tdecidewhichcity”和選項可知，此處應用“疑問詞+動詞不定式”結(jié)構，此句意為“他們不能決定從哪個城市開始”，短語startwith符合語境，所以第二空應填tostartwith。故選B。14．（23-24八年級下·天津河北·期末）Ourteacheradvisesus________eachotherwhenweareintrouble.A．tohelp B．helped C．helping D．help【答案】A【詳解】句意：我們的老