1/17NobelPrizewinnerforeconomics

課程講解制作小組：第六組制作人：朱玉朕王小艦沈志敏時(shí)間：年5月19日2/17人物背景知識(shí)介紹目錄課文及練習(xí)課文拓展3/17人物背景知識(shí)介紹課文及練習(xí)課文拓展目錄總體概況人物背景

知識(shí)介紹Tofigurebackgroundknowledge第一部分4/17人物背景知識(shí)介紹調(diào)研方法Tofigurebackgroundknowledge第一部分

美國哥倫比亞大學(xué)教授、就業(yè)與增加理論著名代表人物。北京工商大學(xué)聲譽(yù)教授。研究方向主要集中于宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，包含就業(yè)、通貨膨脹和通貨緊縮、儲(chǔ)蓄、公債、稅收、代際公平、價(jià)格、工資、微觀主體行為、資本形成、財(cái)政和貨幣政策，以及他最有成就領(lǐng)域——經(jīng)濟(jì)增加問題，被譽(yù)為“當(dāng)代宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)締造者”和“影響經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)進(jìn)程最主要人物”之一。菲爾普斯教授最主要貢獻(xiàn)在于經(jīng)濟(jì)增加理論。他繼羅伯特·索洛之后，對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增加動(dòng)態(tài)最優(yōu)化路徑進(jìn)行了分析，提出了著名“經(jīng)濟(jì)增加黃金律”，從而正式確立了經(jīng)濟(jì)增加理論。5/17調(diào)研方法人物背景

知識(shí)介紹Tofigurebackgroundknowledge第一部分菲利普斯曲線菲利普斯（A.W.PHILLIPS）1958年證實(shí)，工資膨脹率和失業(yè)率之間存在一個(gè)反方向改變關(guān)系。即失業(yè)率上升時(shí)，貨幣工資率下降；相反，失業(yè)率下降時(shí)，貨幣工資率上升。容忍適當(dāng)通貨膨脹有助降低失業(yè)率。6/17課文及練習(xí)第二部分The

Textandoperation人物背景

知識(shí)介紹Tofigurebackgroundknowledge第一部分7/17TapescriptEdmundPhelps【埃德蒙?菲爾普斯】hasbeenawarded【awarded】thisyear'sNobelPrizeforeconomicsMrPhelpsisaprofessorofeconomicsatColumbiaUniversityinNewYorkCity.TheRoyalSwedishAcademy【瑞典皇家科學(xué)院】ofScienceshonoredMrPhelpsforhisworkinmacroeconomics【宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)】Thatisthestudyoflargeforcesthataffecteconomicsatthenationalorinternationallevel.MrPhelpscorrectlyidentified【確定】therelationshipbetweenunemploymentandinflation【失業(yè)率和通貨膨脹】.Sincethe1930s,policymakers【決議者】inmanynationsdealtwithunemploymentinthesameway.Theywouldletinflationincreasetocreatejobs.第二部分課文及練習(xí)The

Textandoperation8/17Forexample,theywouldmakecredit【信貸】easiertoget.Asaresult,peoplewouldbuymoregoods.Businesseswouldhireworkerstomeetgrowingdemand【滿足不停增加需求】,forcingpricesup【迫使價(jià)格上漲】.Formanyyears,policymakersacceptedthatreducingunemploymentrequiredhigherinflation.MrPhelpsfoundthatinflationdidtemporarily【暫時(shí)】increaseemployment.Buthediscoveredthat,overthelongterm,inflationhurtjobcreation.HisideaswereprovedbyeconomicconditionsinAmericainthe1970s.Thatperiod【時(shí)期】wasknownfor"stagflation【滯脹】havinghighunemploymentandhighinflationatthesametime."第二部分課文及練習(xí)The

Textandoperation9/17EdmundPhelpsalsofoundthatifemployersexpectlowinflationinthefuture,theyaremorelikelytohireworkers.Today,economicpolicyexpertsbelievethebestwaytocreatejobsistofightinflation.MrPhelpsalsostudiednationalsavingsoverlongperiodsoftime.Commonsensesuggeststhataveryhighsavingsrateisbest.ButMrPhelpsshowedthatnationalsavingsrates【國民儲(chǔ)蓄利率】canbetoohigh.HearguedthatgovernmentsshouldtakeactiontoraisenationalsavingsEdmundPhelpsdidmuchofhisresearchinmacroeconomics【宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)】duringthelate1960sandearly1970s.Hisworkcontinuestoinfluenceeconomists.Andithashelpedchangepolicy【改變政策】atcentralbanks【中央銀行】,whichnowconsiderfightinginflationamaingoal.第二部分課文及練習(xí)The

Textandoperation10/17ListeningtoapassageaboutEdmundPhelps,aNobelPrizeWinnerforEconomicsCompletehismajorviewpointsbelowwithyouhear.ExerciseA1﹑EdmundPhelpsstudied＿＿thataffecteconomicsatthe＿＿

＿evel.2﹑

MrPhelpscorrectlyidentifiedtherelationshipbetween＿＿

＿Hediscoveredthat,overthelongterm,inflationhurt＿＿.3﹑

MrPhelpsshowedthatnationalsavingsratescanbe＿＿bestsavingsrateisnotsohighthatitlimits

＿＿

＿,anditisnotsolowthatitlimits

＿＿

＿＿＿

＿.第二部分課文及練習(xí)The

Textandoperation11/17第二部分課文及練習(xí)The

Textandoperation1﹑largeforces

nationorinternational

2﹑unemploymentandinflation

thecreation3﹑

toohigh

demandsinthepresent

rowthandinvestmentinthefuture

AnswersExerciseBListentothepassageagain.ThistimefocusonthewrongideasandtheoriescommonpeopleandevenpolicymakersheldbeforeSupplythemissinginformation.12/171﹑

Sincethe1930s,policymakersinmanynationsdealtwithunemploymentby＿＿＿

tocreatejobs.Theycceptedthatreducingunemploymentrequired＿＿.2﹑

Commonsuggeststhata＿

＿

＿

＿

isbest.Answers1﹑lettinginflationincrease

highinflation2﹑veryhighsavingrate

第二部分課文及練習(xí)The

Textan