第四講名詞性從句0102名詞性從句種類主語從句|賓語從句

|表語從句

|同位語從句主要引導詞使用方法歸納1.that引導名詞性從句|2.whether與if引導名詞性從句時區分

|3.連接代詞what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whose，which等引導名詞性從句

|4.連接副詞when，where，why，how引導名詞性從句I.單句語法填空II.單句改錯III.翻譯句子IV.語法填空V.短文改錯03針對訓練1/31在復合句中起名詞作用從句叫做名詞性從句。它包含主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。引導名詞性從句連接詞可分為三類：1．連接詞：that，whether，if(不充當從句任何成份)2．連接代詞：what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whomever，whose，which，whichever3．連接副詞：when，where，how，why2/31名詞性從句種類3/311．主語從句在復合句中充當主語從句叫主語從句。Thatyoudidn'tknowtherules

won'tbeanexcuseforyourfailure.你不知道規則不能成為你失敗借口。Whetherweshouldhelpupafallenoldpersonornot

remainsaheatedtopicinChina.我們是否應該幫忙扶起一個摔倒老人在中國依然是一個熱門話題。Whenthedelayedflightwilltakeoff

dependsmuchontheweather.那架延誤班機什么時候起飛在很大程度上取決于天氣。4/311．主語從句

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有時為防止句子頭重腳輕，慣用it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。主語從句后謂語動詞普通用單數形式。慣用句型以下：(1)It＋be＋名詞＋that從句(2)It＋be＋形容詞＋that從句(3)It＋be＋動詞過去分詞＋that從句(4)It＋不及物動詞＋that從句Itisclearthat

thetwocountriescanreachanagreementattheconference.很顯然兩國能夠在會議上達成協議。Itiswell-knownthat

theChinesegovernmenthassparednoefforttoprotectpeoplefromfakefood.眾所周知，中國政府已不遺余力地保護人們免受假冒食品毒害。5/312．賓語從句在復合句中作賓語名詞性從句叫賓語從句，位于及物動詞(短語)、介詞或形容詞之后。Wemustneverthink(that)wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinnothing.我們決不能認為自己什么都好，他人什么都不好。Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.一切要看我們是否有足夠錢。Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.凡需要幫助人，她都會給予熱情支持。6/312．賓語從句

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在能夠接復合賓語動詞之后，如think，make，consider等，能夠用it作形式賓語。Hehasmadeit

clearthat

hewillnotgivein.他不會屈服，這一點他已明確表示了。7/313．表語從句在復合句中作表語從句叫表語從句。引導表語從句關聯詞與引導主語從句關聯詞大致一樣，表語從句位于連系動詞后，有時用asif，because等引導。其基本結構為：主語＋系動詞＋從句。Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.事實是我們已經輸了這場比賽。Thatiswhyhedidn'tcometothemeeting.那就是他為何不到會原因。Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看上去天要下雨了。8/313．表語從句

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當主語是reason時，表語從句要用that引導而不是because。Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthat

hemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.他遲到原因是，今天早晨他晚了一分鐘而錯過了火車。9/314．同位語從句同位語從句說明其前面名詞詳細內容。同位語從句通常由that引導，也可由其它連接代詞或連接副詞引導，可用于同位語從句名詞有：advice，demand，doubt，fact，hope，idea，information，message，news，order，problem，promise，question，request，suggestion，truth，wish，word等。Thenewsthatwewonthegame

excitedallofus.我們贏得這場比賽消息讓我們每個人都很激動。Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.我不知道他什么時候回家。10/314．同位語從句

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同位語從句和定語從句區分：(1)意義不一樣：同位語從句是跟在一個抽象名詞之后，對該名詞詳細內容作深入解釋說明；而定語從句在復合句中作定語，對前面名詞進行修飾、限制。(2)連接詞使用方法不一樣：that作為關系代詞，能夠引導定語從句，充當句子成份，在從句中作賓語時能夠省略；that引導同位語從句時，只起連詞作用，沒有實際意義，不充當句子成份，普通不能省略。試比較：11/314．同位語從句Ihadnoideathat

youwerehere.(that引導同位語從句，不能省略)Haveyougottheidea(that)thisbookgivesyouoflifeinancientGreece？(that引導定語從句，作賓語，能夠省略)12/31名詞性從句主要引導詞使用方法歸納13/311．that引導名詞性從句Itisobvioustothestudentsthat

theyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.顯而易見學生應該對未來做好充分準備。(主語從句，it作形式主語)Expertsbelieve(that)peoplecanwastelessfoodbyshoppingonlywhenitisnecessary.教授認為能夠經過只有必須時才購物這一方法降低食物浪費。(賓語從句)Mydecisionisthat

allofusaretostartat6o'clocktomorrowmorning.我決定是我們全部些人明天早上6點出發。(表語從句)Imadeapromisetomyselfthat

thisyear，myfirstyearinhighschool，wouldbedifferent.我給自己做出承諾：今年，我上高中第一年，將會與以往不一樣。(同位語從句)連詞that在引導名詞性從句時本身沒有意義，在從句中不擔任任何句子成份，但引導主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句時不能省略。在賓語從句中有時能夠省略。14/312．whether與if引導名詞性從句時區分在主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句中只能用whether，不能用if。01Whether

themeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.是否會議被推遲還沒有決定。Thetroubleiswhether

hecancomeontime.麻煩是他是否能按時來。15/312．whether與if引導名詞性從句時區分在賓語從句中whether和if普通能夠交換，但：02Italldependsonwhether

hewillrecover.這完全取決于他是否康復。(1)作介詞賓語時連接詞普通用whether。Idon'tknowwhetherhewilltakepartinthemeetingornot.我不知道他是否參加會議。(2)后面直接跟ornot時用whether。16/313．連接代詞what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whose，which等引導名詞性從句what引導名詞性從句，在功效上相當于一個名詞，常譯作“······事/話/地方/時間/······”，能夠作主語、賓語、表語和同位語。01What

impressedmemostwasthebeautyofthecity.給我印象最深刻是這座城市美。17/313．連接代詞what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whose，which等引導名詞性從句what引導名詞性從句，在功效上相當于一個名詞，常譯作“······事/話/地方/時間/······”，能夠作主語、賓語、表語和同位語。01

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that和what區分①that引導名詞性從句時，在主從句中不充當任何句子成份，也沒有任何含義；②而what引導名詞性從句時，在主從句中都要充當一定句子成份，what能夠分解成定語從句中“先行詞＋關系代詞”即常說“先行詞＋that”。試比較：Whathetoldus

madeussurprised.＝Thenewsthathetoldus

madeussurprised.Thathegotthefirstplace

madeussurprised.18/313．連接代詞what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whose，which等引導名詞性從句who，whom，whose，which，whoever，whatever等引導名詞性從句02Hisfatherdoesn'tcareaboutwhich

universityhewillgoto.他父親不在意他上哪一所大學。Whoever

wantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway.任何一個想要住旅店人都必須自己付錢。Youcanchoosewhatever

youlikeinthesupermarket.在這家超市，你能夠選擇你喜歡任何東西。19/314．連接副詞when，where，why，how引導名詞性從句It

makesnodifferencewhere

weshallhavethemeeting.我們在哪兒開會都無所謂。Ihavenoideahow

Icangettotherailwaystation.我不知道怎樣才能到火車站。That'swhy

Iwantyoutoworkthere.那就是我要你在那兒工作原因。這幾個連接詞不但起連接作用，也在從句中作狀語，表示時間、地點、原因和方式。20/31Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Sheaskedme____________________Ihadreturnedthebookstothelibrary,andIadmittedthatIhadn't.(·天津卷)2．Everyyear，____________________makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.(·北京卷)3．Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree--linedstreet,notknowing__________________shewasheading.(·北京卷)4．Wechoosethishotelbecausethepriceforanighthereisdownto$20，halfof____________________itusedtocharge.(·江蘇卷)5．Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork.____________________youcandohelps.(·北京卷)whetherwhoeverwherewhatWhatever21/31Ⅰ.用適當連詞填空6．Asnaturalarchitects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly____________________thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.(·全國卷Ⅱ)7．Hissuccesswasduetothefact____________________hehadbeenworkinghard.8．____________________worriedherabitthatherhairwasturninggrey.9．Whytheexplosionoccurredwas____________________thelaboratoryattendanthadbeencareless.10．Outputisnowsixtimes____________________itwasbeforeliberation.howthatItthatwhat22/31Ⅰ.用適當連詞填空11．ShehasreceivedanofferfromBerkeley，butIdon'tknow____________________shewillacceptit.12．Thelittleboyate____________________hismothergavehim.13．Theywouldhavefixedthetelephoneyesterdayexcept____________________itwasaholiday.14．Inmyopinion，____________________mattersiswhetherwecanwintogetherasateaminsteadofindividuals.15．____________________theflighttoNewYorkwillbedelayediswhatI'mespeciallyworriedabout.whether/ifwhateverthatwhatWhether23/31Ⅱ.單句改錯1．MyuncleistheownerofarestaurantclosetothatIlive.(·全國卷Ⅰ)2．Thesummerholidayiscoming.MyclassmatesandIaretalkingabouthowtododuringtheholiday.3．Ihavenoideaifornothehasfinishedthework.4．Becausetheboydidn'ttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.5．ThereasonwhyIdidn'tgotoShanghaiwasbecauseIgotanewjob.wherewhatwhetherThatthat24/31Ⅱ.單句改錯6．Iamsurethathesaidistrue.7．Theycametotheconclusionwhethernotallthingscanbedonebyacomputer.8．Idon'tdoubtwhetherhe'llcomebackontime.9．Mysuggestionisweshouldhaveadiscussionaboutthismatterinsteadofjustlayingitaside.10．Hispromisewhichhewouldgiveawayhalfoftheyear'sincometothedisabledturnedoutalie.what或在that后加whatthatthatthatthat25/31Ⅲ.翻譯句子1．已經定下來了，會議推遲到了下周一。(主語從句)2．我并不知道他是否參加音樂會。(賓語從句)3．問題是值不值得試一試。(表語從句)ItisdecidedthatthemeetinghasbeenputofftillnextMonday.Ididn'tknowwhether/ifhewouldattendtheconcert.Thequestioniswhetheritisworthtrying.26/31Ⅲ.翻譯句子4．他們贏得比賽消息很快就傳遍了整個學校。(同位語從句)5．他沒來企業原因是他生病了。(表語從句)6．我們必須盡力完成老師交給我們任務。(賓語從句)Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool.Thereasonwhyhedidn'tcometothecompanywasthathewasill.Wemusttrytofinishwhattheteachertoldustodo.27/31Ⅳ.語法填空WearevisitingmybrotherRexinBoston，USA，1.________teacheshistoryinoneoftheuniversitieshere.Sofar，he2.________(invite)someofhisfriendstomeetus.OneofthemisfromAustria，andanotherisfromPoland.3.________restarefromJapan，India，andItaly.Itellhim4.________I'mconfused.“Don'tyouhaveanyAmericanfriends？”IaskRex.Hesays，“They'reallAmericans.Don'tyouknowthatAmericahaspeoplefromallovertheworld？”“That's5.________peopleoftendescribeAmericaasa‘meltingpot’ofmanycultures.”saysTajima，fromJapan.whohasinvitedThethatwhy28/31Ⅳ.語法填空“Peoplecomehere6.________agoodmanyreasons.Butstudentsmainlycomeheretostudy.Ihavestudentsfromallovertheworldinmycollege.”saysRex.“Butwhowerethefirst7.________(come)here？”Iask.Rex'sIndianfriend，Samir，saysthefirstpeoplewerefromAsia，morethan20，000yearsagoandtheyareNativeAmericans'ancestors.About500yearsago，SpanishsettlersarrivedfromEurope，followedbyother8.