PAGEPAGE1課時(shí)達(dá)標(biāo)(四)Unit4EarthquakesⅠ閱讀理解A課標(biāo)話題人與自我·公民義務(wù)與社會(huì)責(zé)任體裁應(yīng)用文詞數(shù)278難度WhenaCanadianwomanwashitbyatrainandbadlyinjuredinnorthernItaly,rescueservicesquicklywenttoheraidonthetracks.Butastheytreatedthevictim,ayoungmanphotographedthescenefromthestationplatforminaselfie(自拍)thathascausedwidespreadanger.CorrieredellaSerasaidheappearedtobemakinga“Vforvictory”signwithonehandwhiletakingtheshotwiththeother.Policecaughttheyoungselfie-takerandforcedhimtodeletehispicture.Theyoungmanhasbeeninvestigated(調(diào)查)anddoesnotappeartohavecommittedacrime.ButtheimageofhimpointinghismobilephoneattherescuescenehasappearedonmanyfrontpagesinItalyanditattractedincredulitytotheinvestigationsothatthepublicinsistedthatfurtherinvestigationsshouldbecarriedout.JournalistGiorgioLambri,whopicturedthisyoungselfie-taker,complained“wehavecompletelylostasenseofmorality”.Besides,acommentaryinLaStampaspokeof“acancerthataffectstheInternet”.Theyoungmanwhotooktheselfiewasnotbad,arguedAntonellaBoralevi.Instead,hehadturnedoffhissoulandhispersonalityandbecomean“automaton(機(jī)械行事之人)oftheInternet”．Whatremainsunclearishowtheyoungwomanwashitbyatraininthefirstplace.Accordingtoreportsatthetime,thecontrolsystemforclosingthetrain’sdoorswasfaultyandthewomanmayhavefallenoutofthetrainwhileopeningadooronthewrongside.However,therewasalsoasuggestionthatshemayhavebeenrushingtoboardthetrainasitwasleavingthestation.語篇導(dǎo)讀本文主要講解并描述了一名男子在救援現(xiàn)場(chǎng)自拍引發(fā)了公眾的不滿和指責(zé)。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“incredulity”probablymean?A．Suspicion． B．Resistance.C．Attention． D．Sensitivity.解析A詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)畫線詞上一句可知，男子被調(diào)查后發(fā)覺并沒有犯過罪，再結(jié)合畫線詞后的thepublic…carriedout可知，公眾要求對(duì)其進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步調(diào)查，故可推知，公眾應(yīng)當(dāng)是懷疑警方之前的調(diào)查結(jié)果，故選A項(xiàng)。2．AccordingtoAntonellaBoralevi,themanwhotooktheselfie________.A．wasabadperson B．wasnotverymoralC．shouldbeforgiven D．didthisautomatically解析D細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段最終兩句可知，AntonellaBoralevi認(rèn)為拍照的男子本性不壞，只是過分沉溺于網(wǎng)絡(luò)和自拍，遇到什么事都會(huì)不自覺拍照，故選D項(xiàng)。3．Whatdoesthelastparagraphfocuson?A．Thefailureofthetrain’sdoors.B．Theprocessofthewomanbeinghit.C．Thelikelycausesofthetrainaccident.D．Theseverityofthewoman’sinjuries.解析C主旨大意題。最終一段主要探究女子是如何被火車撞到的，即火車事故發(fā)生的可能緣由，故選C項(xiàng)。4．Wherecanweprobablyfindthisarticle?A．Inareview． B．Inanewspaper.C．Inaresearchreport． D．Inaphotographymagazine.解析B文章出處題。本文主要講解并描述了一名男子因在救援現(xiàn)場(chǎng)自拍而引發(fā)公眾的不滿和指責(zé)，屬于紀(jì)實(shí)性新聞，最可能出現(xiàn)在報(bào)紙上，故選B項(xiàng)。B課標(biāo)話題人與自然·自然災(zāi)難與防范體裁說明文詞數(shù)372難度Initsearlyhistory,Chicagohadfloodsfrequently,especiallyinthespring,makingthestreetssomuddythatpeople,horsesandcartsgotstuck.Anoldjokethatwaspopularatthetimewentlikethis:AmanisstuckuptohiswaistinamuddyChicagostreet.Askedifheneedshelp,hereplies,“No,thanks.I’vegotagoodhorseunderme.”Thecityplannersdecidedtobuildanundergrounddrainage(排水)system,buttheresimplywasn’tenoughdifferencebetweentheheightofthegroundlevelandthewaterlevel.TheonlytwooptionsweretolowertheChicagoRiverorraisethecity.AnengineernamedEllisChesbroughconvincedthecityplannersthatithadnochoicebuttobuildthepipesabovegroundandthencoverthemwithdirt.Thisraisedthelevelofthecity’sstreetsbyasmuchas12feet.Thisofcoursecreatedanewproblem:dirtpracticallyburiedthefirstfloorsofeverybuildinginChicago.Buildingownerswerefacedwithachoice:eitherchangethefirstfloorsoftheirbuildingsintobasements,andthesecondstoriesintomainfloors,orhoist(吊起)theentirebuildingstomeetthenewstreetlevel.Smallwood-framebuildingscouldbeliftedfairlyeasily.Butwhataboutlarge,heavystructuresliketheTremontHotel,whichwasasix-storybrickbuilding?That’swhereGeorgePullmancamein.Hehaddevelopedsomehouse-movingskillssuccessfully.ToliftabigstructureliketheTremontHotel,Pullmanwouldplacethousandsofjackscrews(螺旋千斤頂)beneaththebuilding’sfoundation.Onemanwasassignedtooperateeachsectionofroughly10jackscrews.AtPullman’ssigneachmanturnedhisjackscrewsbythesameamountatthesametime,therebyraisingthebuildingslowlyandevenly.Astonishingly,theTremontHotelstayedopenduringtheentireoperation,andmanyofitsguestsdidn’tevennoticeanythingwashappening.Somepeopleliketosaythateveryproblemhasasolution.ButinChicago’searlyhistory,everyengineeringsolutionseemedtocreateanewproblem.NowthatChicago’swastewaterwasdrainingefficientlyintotheChicagoRiver,thecity’snextstepwastocleanthepollutedriver.語篇導(dǎo)讀本文主要介紹了芝加哥為了應(yīng)對(duì)洪水泛濫的問題而實(shí)行的一些解決方案。5．TheauthormentionsthejokeinParagraph1toshow________.A．horseswerefairlyusefulinChicagoB．Chicago’sstreetswereextremelymuddyC．ChicagowasverydangerousinthespringD．theChicagopeoplewereparticularlyhumorous解析B寫作意圖題。依據(jù)第一段第一句可推知，作者提及這個(gè)笑話是為了表明芝加哥的街道曾經(jīng)特別泥濘，故選B項(xiàng)。6．ThecityplannerswereconvincedbyEllisChesbroughto________.A．getridofthestreetdirt B．lowertheChicagoRiverC．fightagainstheavyfloods D．buildthepipesaboveground解析D細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段第一句可知，EllisChesbrough讓城市規(guī)劃者信任在地上建管道才能解決洪水泛濫帶來的問題，故選D項(xiàng)。7．WhatcanweconcludeaboutthemovingoperationoftheTremontHotel?A．Itwentonsmoothlyasintended.B．Itinterruptedthebusinessofthehotel.C．ItinvolvedPullmaninturningtenjackscrews.D．Itseparatedthebuildingfromitsfoundation.解析A推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段可知，用螺旋千斤頂把theTremontHotel上升時(shí)，賓館正常營業(yè)，許多顧客甚至對(duì)此一竅不通，即此事進(jìn)展順當(dāng)，故選A項(xiàng)。8．ThepassageismainlyabouttheearlyChicago’s________.A．popularlifestylesandtheirinfluencesB．environmentaldisastersandtheircausesC．engineeringproblemsandtheirsolutionsD．successfulbusinessmenandtheirachievements解析C主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文可知，本文主要講解并描述早期芝加哥在應(yīng)對(duì)洪水泛濫的過程中，一些建筑工程曾面臨的問題及所實(shí)行的相應(yīng)解決方法，故選C項(xiàng)。Ⅱ七選五課標(biāo)話題人與自然·自然科學(xué)探討成果體裁說明文詞數(shù)204難度Anewstudysuggeststhatthetimingofawoundaffectsthespeedatwhichitheals.Woundssufferedduringthedayhealaround60percentfasterthanthoseatnight.Thestudyshowedhowthebodies’circadianrhythm(晝夜節(jié)律)controlledthehealingofwounds.__1__Ittellsourbodieswhentowakeup,eatandsleepinacycle—aseriesofactivitiesthatrepeatthemselvesdayafterday.__2__Inthestudy,researchersfoundthatskincellsmovedfastertorepairwoundssufferedduringtheday.TheirfindingswerepublishedinthejournalScienceTranslationalMedicine.Theresearchersexaminedcells,mice,andburntinjurydatabases.__3__Nighttimeburns—burnssufferedbetween8o’clockatnightand8o’clockthenextmorning—were95percenthealedafteranaverageof28days.Butafteranaverageof17days,daytimeburns—burnssufferedbetween8o’clockinthemorningand8o’clockatnight—were95percenthealed.__4__Woundsareverycostlytotreat.__5__InBritain’sNationalHealthServices,forexample,suchservicescostaround$6.56billionperyear．Expertssaythehighcostsresult,inpart,fromalackofdrugsthatspeeduptheclosureofwounds.A．Eachcyclelastsabout24hours.B．Thecircadianrhythmislikeaclockortimer.C．Specifically,theirinvestigationfoundthefollowinginformation.D．Thenewstudy’sfindingscouldhelpscientistsdevelopbetterdrugs.E．Inotherwords,nighttimeinjuriestookanaverageof11dayslongertoheal.F．Worldwide,billionsofdollarsarespenteveryyearonwound-treatmentservices.G．That’swhatagroupofresearchersfromauniversityinCanadarecentlypublished.語篇導(dǎo)讀本文主要介紹了人體晝夜節(jié)律影響傷口愈合速度的探討結(jié)果。1．解析B順承關(guān)系。本段主要介紹人體晝夜節(jié)律的定義和功能。依據(jù)空前的circadianrhythm(晝夜節(jié)律)和空后的Ittellsourbodieswhentowakeup,eatandsleepinacycle可知，B項(xiàng)符合語境，其中的Thecircadianrhythm承接上文，故選B項(xiàng)。2.解析A順承關(guān)系。空前講到了人體晝夜節(jié)律的功能，A項(xiàng)進(jìn)一步介紹人體晝夜節(jié)律的基本狀況，其中的Eachcycle與空前一句中的acycle呼應(yīng)，故選A項(xiàng)。3．解析C順承關(guān)系。空前一句講到探討人員檢查了細(xì)胞、老鼠和燒傷的數(shù)據(jù)庫，空后是探討人員的發(fā)覺，C項(xiàng)承上啟下，符合語境，故選C項(xiàng)。4．解析E總結(jié)關(guān)系。上一段講解并描述夜晚傷口的愈合狀況，本段講解并描述白天傷口的愈合狀況，再結(jié)合選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容可知，E項(xiàng)符合語境，故選E項(xiàng)。5．解析F詮釋關(guān)系。本段第一句是中心句，主要講解并描述治療傷口的費(fèi)用昂貴，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)符合語境，故選F項(xiàng)。快解：本段主要講的是治療傷口的費(fèi)用昂貴，選項(xiàng)中只有F項(xiàng)提到了費(fèi)用問題，據(jù)此可干脆鎖定答案。Ⅲ短文改錯(cuò)(2024·河北辛集中學(xué)月考)DearMike，I’msorrytohearthatyouareinhospitalwitheyesightdecreasingandsomeothereq\o(symptom,\s\do11(symptoms))①.Ihopeyouwillrecoversoon.Yousaidthatitwasbysurfingon②theInternettoomuchthatyourillnesseq\o(is,\s\do11(was))③caused.That’strue.Afriendofeq\o(me,\s\do11(mine))④，whooftendoesthesamething,isbeginningto