接觸網(wǎng)供電（電力機(jī)車直供電）ZHENGZHOURAILWAYVOCATIONAL&TECHNICALCOLLEGE客車電氣裝置/BUSELECTRICALINSTALLATIONSpeaker主講人Zhangjia張嘉我國由接觸網(wǎng)供電的旅客列車的電源，采用客運(yùn)電力機(jī)車主變壓器增設(shè)的兩個輔助繞組供給，容量為800kV·A、電壓為3000V或1500V。ThepowersupplyofpassengertrainpoweredbyoverheadcontactlineinChinaissuppliedbytwoauxiliarywindingsofmaintransformerofpassengerelectriclocomotive.Thepowersupplycapacityis800kVA,anditsvoltageis3000Vor1500V.車輛上的三相異步電動機(jī)電源需通過變流裝置變換為三相工頻380V/220V交流電壓。Three-phaseasynchronousmotorpowersupplyontheVtraincanbetransformedintothree-phaseutilityfrequency380V/220VACvoltagethroughaninverter.隨著自動控制和電力電子技術(shù)發(fā)展，變流技術(shù)日益完善，成本也越來越低，因此采用電氣化接觸網(wǎng)供電有著廣泛的前景，將作為未來鐵路客車的主要供電方式。Withthedevelopmentofautomaticcontrolandpowerelectronics,theconverterkeepsbeingimproved,andthecostkeepsdropping.Therefore,overheadcontactlinepowersupplyhasapromisingfuture,anditcanbethemajorpowersupplymodeofrailwaypassengertraininthefuture.在非電氣化區(qū)段運(yùn)行時，東風(fēng)11客運(yùn)大功率內(nèi)燃機(jī)車本身帶有輔助發(fā)電機(jī)，既可采用AC380V柴油發(fā)電機(jī)組集中供電，也可將發(fā)電機(jī)組輸出整流以DC600V方式向客車供電。Whenoperatinginthenon-electrifiedsections,Dongfeng11passengerhigh-powerdiesellocomotivehasauxiliarygenerators.ThelocomotivecannotonlyuseAC380Vdieselgeneratorsettoprovidecentralizedpowersupply,butalsorectifytheoutputofthegeneratorsettosupplypowertopassengertrainsintheformofDC600V.DC600V供電制式的空調(diào)客運(yùn)列車，在電氣化區(qū)段運(yùn)行時，采用電力機(jī)車集中供電（DC600V）、客車分散變流供電方式。Whenoperatingintheelectrifiedsections,air-conditionedpassengertrainwithDC600Vpowersupplysystemadoptscentralizedpowersupplyforelectriclocomotiveanddecentralizedpowersupplyforpassengertrains.當(dāng)實(shí)現(xiàn)電氣化牽引后，采用DC600V供電，這就是AC380V/DC600V兼容供電系統(tǒng)。Whenelectrifiedtractionisrealized,DC600Visusedforpowersupply.ThisisAC380V/DC600Vcompatiblepowersupplysystem.DC600V供電系統(tǒng)工作原理框圖如圖6-1所示。TheworkingprinciplediagramoftheDC600Vpowersupplysystemisshowninthefigure.圖6-1DC600V供電系統(tǒng)工作原理框圖一接觸網(wǎng)向列車供電方案ContactlinepowersupplyschemetotrainsCONTENTS01電氣化區(qū)段系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行方式Howtheelectrificationsegmentsystemoperates02非電氣化區(qū)段系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行方式Thewaythenon-electrifiedsegmentsystemoperates03關(guān)鍵技術(shù)Keytechnologies第一節(jié)接觸網(wǎng)向列車供電方案電氣化區(qū)段,新研制的客運(yùn)電力機(jī)車的列車輔助供電裝置，將受電弓接受的25kV單相高壓交流電降壓、整流、濾波成600V直流電。Intheelectrifiedsections,theauxiliarypowersupplydeviceofthenewpassengerelectrictrainstepsdown,rectifiesandfiltersthe25kVsingle-phasehigh-voltageACreceivedbythepantographinto600VDC.機(jī)車上安裝了兩套DC600V電源裝置,兩套裝置分兩路通過KC20D連接器向空調(diào)客車供電。TherearetwosetsofDC600Vpowersupplybeinginstalledonthelocomotive.Thetwosetsofdevicesaredividedintotwocircuitstosupplypowertoair-conditionedpassengertrainthroughtheKC20Dconnector.一、電氣化區(qū)段系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行方式Operatingmodeintheelectrifiedsectionssystem概述客車分散變流DC600V逆變器*2inverter充電機(jī)chargersAC380VDC110VDC600V空調(diào)+開水爐/伴熱器等Airconditioner+waterboiler/companionheater,etc.蓄電池、照明、控制系統(tǒng)Batteries,lighting,controlsystems電熱器、溫水器等Electricheaters,waterwarmers,etc.綜合控柜Integratedcontrolcabinet第一節(jié)接觸網(wǎng)向列車供電方案

25T型AC380V/DC600V兼容客車，在主要考慮目前的AC380V集中供電系統(tǒng)的同時兼顧了DC600V供電系統(tǒng)，即兼容供電系統(tǒng)不僅可以運(yùn)用在柴油發(fā)電機(jī)組集中AC380V供電系統(tǒng)，在電氣化區(qū)段也可以直接用于DC600V供電系統(tǒng)。The25TtypeAC380V/DC600VcompatiblepassengertrainusestheDC600VpowersupplysystemwhilemainlyusingtheAC380Vcentralizedpowersupplysystem.ThatmeansthatcompatiblepowersupplysystemcanbeusedincentralizedAC380Vpowersupplysystemofdieselgeneratorset,whileitcanalsobeusedintheDC600Vpowersupplysystemintheelectrifiedsections.二、非電氣化區(qū)段系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行方式Operatingmodeinthenon-electrifiedsectionssystem

盡管可以由柴油發(fā)電機(jī)組集中供電，但由于要兼顧DC600V供電,因此AC380V/DC600V兼容供電25T型客車的照明和控制系統(tǒng)采用DC110V供電,車下安裝中倍率堿性蓄電池和AC380V/DC600V-DC110V充電器,而空調(diào)機(jī)組、客室電加熱、開水爐、溫水器伴熱等主電路全部采用AC380V供電,控制電路則采用DC110V供電。Althoughpassengertraincanbepoweredcentrallybydieselgeneratorsets,thetrainhastotaketheDC600Vpowersupplyintoaccount.Therefore,thelightingandcontrollingsystemof25TpassengertrainpoweredbyAC380V,DC600VispoweredbyDC110V,andamedium-ratealkalinebatteryandachargerofAC380VorDC600VtoDC110Vareinstalledunderthecarriagebody.However,AC380Vpowersupplyisusedforthemaincircuitssuchasair-conditioningunits,passengerroomelectricheating,boilingwaterboilers,andwaterheaterheattracing,andthecontrollingcircuitsarepoweredbyDC110V.第一節(jié)接觸網(wǎng)向列車供電方案三、關(guān)鍵技術(shù)Keytechnologies國外有540V、600V、660V、720V甚至750V等級。我國采用DC600V電壓等級，一方面可以提高逆變器的可靠性另一方面這個等級的電壓，實(shí)際在絕緣、耐壓等方面與AC380V基本一致，安全性好。基于我國逆變器技術(shù)的現(xiàn)狀,確定了600V電壓等級,因?yàn)锳C380V三相交流電壓整流后的電壓為540V,而直/交變換存在電壓利用率問題,輸出交流要達(dá)到380V時，要求電壓應(yīng)在600V左右。ThestatusquoofinvertertechnologyinChinadeterminesthatthevoltagelevelofpassengercarsis600Vvoltage.SincetherectifiedvoltageofAC380Vthree-phaseACvoltageis540V,andthereisaproblemofvoltageutilizationinDC/ACconversion,sothatwhentheoutputACreaches380V,therequiredvoltageshouldbearound600V.1DC600VvoltagelevelisadoptedinChina.Ontheonehand,itcanimprovethereliabilityoftheinverter.Ontheotherhand,thevoltagelevelisbasicallythesameasAC380Vintermsofinsulationandwithstandvoltage,andthesafetyisgood.Therequiredvoltagelevelsabroadare540V,600V,660V,720Vandeven720V.第一節(jié)接觸網(wǎng)向列車供電方案逆變技術(shù)Invertertechnologies將交流電變成直流電的過程稱為整流,將直流電變成交流電的過程稱為逆變。Rectificationistheprocessofconvertingalternatingcurrentintodirectcurrent,andinversionistheprocessofconvertingdirectcurrentintoalternatingcurrent.

2第一節(jié)接觸網(wǎng)向列車供電方案圖中由6只IGBT構(gòu)成三相橋式逆變器,A、B、C為電動機(jī)的三相繞組。Asshowninthefigure,thethree-phasebridgeinverterconsistsof6IGBTs.A,B,andCarethethree-phasewindingsofthemotor.當(dāng)VT1、VT6導(dǎo)通,其他管子截止時，電流由正極經(jīng)A相流過C相流到負(fù)極，則UAC正相波形如波形圖的上半周;WhenVT1andVT6areturnedonandothertubesareturnedoff,thecurrentflowsfromthepositivepolethroughphaseAtophaseCtothenegativepole.TheUACpositivephasewaveformislikethefirsthalfcycleofthewaveformdiagram.VT2、VT5導(dǎo)通時，電流由正極經(jīng)C相流過A相到負(fù)極，則UAc反相電壓如波形圖下半周。WhenVT2andVT5areturnedon,thecurrentflowsfromthepositivepolethroughtheCphasetotheAphasetothenegativepole.TheUACpositivephasewaveformislikethesecondhalfcycleofthewaveformdiagram.第一節(jié)接觸網(wǎng)向列車供電方案變頻變壓(VVVF)技術(shù)Variablefrequencyandvoltagetechnologies3電動機(jī)直接恒壓啟動時,存在7倍左右的電流沖擊，如果不采取軟啟動方式，逆變器必須到7倍以上的額定容量，顯然極不經(jīng)濟(jì)，同時機(jī)車電源也要承受啟動電流沖擊。Whenthemot