PAGEPAGE1專題四動詞和動詞短語真題試做(A)1.(2024宜賓中考)Mysister______belazy.Butnowshe'sworkingreallyhard.A.usedtoB.isusedtoC.wasusedtoD.wasused(B)2.(2024重慶中考B卷)Please______theTV.It'stimetogotobed.A.turnonB.turnoffC.putonD.putoff(C)3.(2024新疆維吾爾自治區中考)—Wow!Yoursweaterisverybeautiful!Howmuchisit?—Thankyou.It______me30dollars.A.spendB.paidC.costD.take(B)4.(2024天津中考)Iamafraidwecannot______totakeataxi.Let'sgobyundergroundinstead.A.refuseB.affordC.forgetD.fall(D)5.(2024宜昌中考)—Aresearchsuggeststhatwalkinghelpspeoplelivelonger.—Iquiteagree,butit______onwhenandhowtheywalk.A.remainsB.separatesC.returnsD.depends考向歸結通過以上五個題的視察,并結合各地多年中考考點的設置,動詞考查的方面有動詞的詞義辨析和短語動詞等(動詞的其他考點見后續專題)。題型設置方面,主要趨向于單項選擇、完形填空、綜合填空和寫作。考點突破動詞的形式及分類1.動詞的基本形式(1)動詞原形,如：play,talk,write等。(2)動詞的第三人稱單數,如：plays,writes,studies,watches等。(3)動詞的現在分詞,如：playing,talking,writing等。(4)動詞的過去式,如：played,wrote,began等。(5)動詞的過去分詞,如：written,begun等。2.動詞的分類(1)根據動詞的語法功能通常分為四類：①實義動詞,如：play,talk,write,shop等。②助動詞,如：do,did,have等。③連系動詞,簡稱系動詞,用于連接主語和表語。系動詞不能單獨作謂語,必需和表語一起構成系表結構。常見系動詞有：be,stay,keep,remain,feel,look,sound,taste,smell,become,get,turn,go等。(2)根據能否與一段時間搭配,通常分為持續性動詞和非持續性動詞,它的用法主要體現在完成時態中。如：Ihavehadthisbikefor3years.這輛自行車我已經用了三年了。(had為have的過去分詞,為持續性動詞)IborrowedthisbookfromTinayesterday.我昨天從蒂娜那里借了這本書。(borrow為非持續性動詞)(3)實義動詞根據是否干脆接賓語分為及物動詞和不及物動詞。①及物動詞后必需接賓語,有被動語態。如：Maryoftenwashesclothes.→被動語態：TheclothesareoftenwashedbyMary.瑪麗常常洗衣服。②不及物動詞不能干脆接賓語,無被動語態；不及物動詞要接賓語須要借助介詞,形成動介短語,形成動介短語后,有被動語態,但肯定要留意保留介詞。如：Lilylaughed.(laugh為不及物動詞)莉莉笑了。Lilylaughedatme.(laugh需借助介詞at,形成動介短語laughat才能接賓語me)→被動語態：IwaslaughedatbyLily.我被莉莉訕笑了。動詞詞義辨析1.arrive,reach與get三者都可表示“到達”的意思。區分為：arrivein＋大地點,arriveat＋小地點；reach為及物動詞,即reach＋地點；getto＋地點；當它們接的地點為地點副詞(here,there,home)時,介詞省略。如：WhendidyouarriveinBeijing？＝WhendidyougettoBeijing？＝WhendidyoureachBeijing？你什么時候到達北京？Howdoyougetthere？＝Howdoyouarrivethere？＝Howdoyoureachthere？你怎么到那里的？2.borrow,lend與keepborrow相對主語而言為借入,常用短語：borrowsb.sth./borrowsth.fromsb.意為“向某人借某物”；lend相對主語而言為借出,常用短語：lendsth.tosb./lendsb.sth.意為“把某物借給某人”；keep意為“保存；借”,為持續性動詞,表示“長時間地借”。如：Iborrowedabookfromtheschoollibraryyesterday.昨天我從圖書館借了一本書。Canyoulendyourpentome?你能把你的鋼筆借給我嗎？Howlongcanwekeepthebook?我們能借這本書多久？3.dress,puton與weardresssb.給某人穿衣服,dresssb.up裝扮某人；puton強調穿的動作,意為“穿上；戴上”；wear“穿戴”,表狀態,與“bein”同義。如：Theboydressedhimselfquickly.男孩快速地穿上了衣服。Jimputonhiscoatandwentout.吉姆穿上外套出去了。Lilyiswearingaredskirttoday.莉莉今日穿著一條紅裙子。4.see,look,watch與readsee指看的結果,也可指看電影；look指看的動作,不及物動詞,后需接介詞at才能加賓語；watch指看競賽、電視等；read指看書看報。如：Icanseesomethingbeautifuloverthere.我能望見那里有些漂亮的東西。Youshouldlookattheblackboardandlistentoyourteachercarefullyinclass.在課堂上你應當看黑板并仔細聽講。WatchingTVtoomuchisbadforyoureyes.電視看多了對眼睛有害。Don'treadbooksinthesun.不要在太陽下看書。5.bring,take與carrybring意為“帶來；拿來”,表示拿到靠近說話者的地方；take意為“拿去；帶走”,表示拿到遠離說話者的地方；carry意為“扛；搬；用力移動”,沒有方向性。如：Remembertobringyourhomeworktoschooltomorrow.請記得明天把家庭作業帶到學校來。PleasetakethedictionarytoMiller.請把字典帶給米勒。Heisstrongenoughtocarrytheheavybox.他足夠強壯能夠搬動那個重箱子。6.speak,talk,say與tell(詳見第一編P15)7.lose,fail,beat與winlose意為“輸給某人”,固定搭配為：losetosb.；fail指“失敗”或“未做成某事”；beat意為“戰勝”,后接sb.或某支隊伍；win意為“贏得”,如贏得榮譽、地位、競賽等。8.lose,forget與leavelose意為“丟失；失去”；forget意為“遺忘”,常用短語：forgetdoingsth./forgettodosth.；leavesth.＋地點,表示將某物落在某處。動詞短語1.動詞＋aboutcareabout關切；在乎hearabout聽說knowabout了解thinkabout考慮worryabout擔憂talkabout談論2.動詞＋afterlookafter照看；照看runafter追逐3.動詞＋atarriveat到達knockat敲擊laughat訕笑lookat看shoutat沖……喊workat致力于；從事4.動詞＋awaydieaway漸漸消逝giveaway贈送putaway把……收好runaway逃跑5.動詞＋downcutdown砍倒；削減knockdown撞倒letdown使……悲觀turndown拒絕；調小writedown寫下；登記liedown躺下6.動詞＋forapplyfor申請askfor要求carefor喜愛；照看payfor支付leavefor動身去lookfor找尋preparefor打算searchfor搜尋sendfor派人去請standfor代表；象征waitfor等候7.動詞＋frombe/comefrom來自keepfrom阻擋；抑制learnfrom向……學習hearfrom收到……來信preventfrom阻擋……separatefrom把……與……分別protect…from愛護……免于……sufferfrom受……苦；患……病8.動詞＋inbreakin破門而入comein進來dropin順便來訪fillin填寫givein屈服handin上交succeedin在某方面勝利takein汲取；欺瞞9.動詞＋intobreakinto破門而入change…into…將……變成……divide…into…把……分成……getinto進入；陷入lookinto調查make…into…把……做成……put…into…將……注入……10.動詞＋ofcomplainof訴說dieof死于dreamof幻想；渴望hearof聽說remindsb.of使某人想起thinkof想起warnsb.ofsth.警告某人當心某事11.動詞＋offbreakoff中斷cutoff阻擋；切掉falloff(數量)削減getoff下車keepoff不接近payoff還清債務putoff推遲seeoff送行showoff炫耀shutoff關掉turnoff關掉12.動詞＋withagreewithsb.同意某人dealwith處理beginwith…以……起先disagreewith不同意share…with…與……共享……compare…with…與……作比較providesb.withsth.給某人供應某物connect…with…與……連接或聯系cover…with…遮蓋；覆蓋13.動詞＋upaddup加起來；合計callup打電話cheerup使激昂bringup哺育cleanup打掃clearup清理dressup化妝裝扮comeup出現；發芽cutup切碎eatup吃光endup結束；告終fixup安裝；修理giveup放棄growup成長hangup掛起來lookup查閱；查找makeup組成；編造mixup混合pickup撿起；接電話putup張貼；搭建setup創建；創辦showup出現；露面speedup加速standup起立stayup熬夜takeup占據；從事小試牛刀(D)1.(2024青島中考)—Ican'tfindmymobilephone.—Don'tworry.Maybeyou______itathome.A.forgotB.missedC.lostD.left(D)2.(2024臨沂中考)AprimaryschoolinEnglandhas______signsatitsthreeentrances(入口),saying:Greetyourchildwithasmile,notamobile.A.putintoB.putoffC.putonD.putup(C)3.(2024揚州中考)—IofferedSandyahelpinghand,however,she______it.—Maybeshecanmanageherself.A.receivedB.returnedC.refusedD.rewarded(B)4.(2024吉林中考改編)It'sagoodideato______newwordsinthedictionary.A.cutupB.lookupC.putupD.showup(C)5.(2024山西中考改編)Ifastudentisableto______somebodyelsewhathe'slearntfromtextbooks,itshowshe'sunderstooditwell.A.postB.lendC.teachD.keep(A)6.(2024宜昌中考)—Inthepastfiveye