考研英語(閱讀)模擬試卷340

一、閱讀(常規閱讀理解)(本題共2。題，每題

分,共20分。)

TheFederalTradeCommissionhadsomesharpwordsforInternetcompaniesThursday,

saying(hattheyarenotexplainingtotheirusersclearlyenoughwhatinformationthey

collectabout(hemandhowtheyuseitforadvertising.Fornow,thecommissionis

stickingtoitsviewthattheInternetindustrycanvoluntarilyregulateitsownprivacy

practices.Butthetoneofthereport,andcommentsbyseveralcommissionmembersand

staffofficials,indicatedthatiftheindustrydoesnotmovefaster,theagencywould

increaseregulationorcallforCongresstolegislatestricteronlineprivacyrules."People

wereworriedthatthecommissionwouldabandonitssupportforself-regulation,"said

JulesPolonctsky,theco-chairmanoftheFutureofPrivacyForum,atradegroup."The

commissionissayingyouhaveonelastchancebeforeIcomeupstairsandtakeyourtoys

away."Technically,thecommissionreleasedanupdatetoitsprinciplesforwhatitcalls

onlinebehavioraladvertising—adsshowntotheuserbasedonpastpatternsofbehavior.

Thesearevoluntaryguidelinesfirstissuedattheendof2007.Thenewguidelinessuggest

(hatWebsitesexplainhowtheycollectandusedataina"clear,concise,consumer

friendly,andprominent"way.Fewsitesmeetlha(standardrightnow,(hecommission

found."Whatweobserveis(hat,withrareexception,ilisnottherulefbranyWebsites

todothosethings,"saidEileenHarrington,theactingdirectorofthecommission'sbureau

ofconsumerprotection,inaninterviewThursday."Itisfarmorecommonplaceforthem

toputtheinformationinthemidstoflengthyandhard-to-understandprivacypolicies."

Ms.HarringtonchallengedInternetcompaniestoexplainwhattheyaredoinginasection

otherthanitsprivacypolicy.Thecommissiondidnotspecifywhatsortofnotice

companiesshouldgive,butitnotedthatsomehaveproposedmethodsthataremore

visibletotheaverageuser,likealinkrightoneachadvertisementthatleadstoan

explanationofwhatdatatheadvertisercollectsanduses."Thisisaboutadvertising,so

thesepeopleoughttobecreative/'shesaid.Groupsthatwantbetteronlineprivacywere

mixedintheirreaction.Somepraisedthenew,tougherstandardsfortargetedads.But

othersarguedthatthecommissiondidnotgofarenoughtoregulateallthedifferentways

(hatInternetcompaniesmoniiorusers."Thesearebabystepsforprivacyatbest,"said

JeffChester,thedirectoroftheCenterforDigitalDemocracy.

1、TheFederalTradeCommissionbelievesthatInternetcompanies.

A、explainclearlyenoughtheinformationtheycollect

B、drawupstricteronlineprivacyrulesforadvertising

C、usetheinformationabouttheirusersinadvertising

D^havethefreedomtoadjusttheirownprivacyrules

標準答案：D

知識點解析：根據第二段“Fornow,[hecommissionisslickingtoitsviewthatthe

Internetindustrycanvoluntarilyregulateitsownprivacypractices”,D應為答案。

2、InformationshowsthattheFederalTradeCommissionwould.

A、strengthenguidancetothegrowthofInternetindustry

supporttheInternetindustrytoregulatetheirpolicies

C、strictlycontroltheprivacyrulesforonlineadvertising

D^callforCongresstolegislateagainstonlineadvertising

標準答案：C

知識點解析:根據第三段中的“…indicatedthat...theagencywouldincreaseregulation

orcallfbrCongresstolegislatestricteronlineprivacyrules"，C應為答案。

3、Bysaying"youhaveonelastchancebefore1comeupstairsandtakeyourtoys

away".JulesPolonetskymeansthatthecommissionisdeterminedto.

A、updateitsprinciplesfbronlineadvertisingrules

B、forceWebsitestoregulatetheirprivacypractices

C、urgeInternetcompanies(oprovidebetterservices

D、forbidWebsitestouseprivateinformationatwill

標準答案：B

知識點解析：根據第四段中的'"Peoplewereworriedthatthecommissionwould

abandonitssupportforself—regulation,'saidJulesPolonetsky.…“，B應為答案。

4、Ms.HarringtonnotedthatmostInternetcompanies.

A、areunwillingtoclearlyexplainhowtheycollectandusedata

B、areverycreativeinexplainingwhatdatatheycollectanduse

C、tendtouseavisiblemethodtoexplainwhatdatatheycollect

D、prefertoformulatelengthyandunintelligibleprivacypolicies

標準答案：A

知識點解析：根據第六段“ThenewguidelinessuggestthatWebsitesexplainhowthey

4

collectandusedatainaclear：concise,consumerfriendly,andprominent'way.Few

sitesmeetthatstandardrightnow…”和第七段中的'“…itisnotthenilefbranyWeb

sitestodothosethings,'saidEileenllarrington,…”上下文,A應為答案。

5、JeffChestersuggestedthattheFederalTradeCommissiorshould

A^preventWebsitesI'rommonitoringusers

B、adoptthemoststringentstandardsforads

C、takestrongerprivacyprotectionmeasures

D、regulateonlineadvertisingwhennecessary

標準答案：C

知識點解析：根據最后一段“Thesearebabystepsforprivacyatbest,'saidJeff

Chester....M,C應為答案。

OnebigplusoftheHousebillistheincentivesitcontainsforalitile-knowntechnology

calledcogeneration.Thisisamethodofusingwasteheattogeneratepower,andithas

enormouspotential.Powerplants,factoriesandrefineriesventsteamandhotgases

throughsmokestacks.Allthatwastedheatiswastedenergy.Byputtingarecoverydevice

inthestackandusingthesteamtodriveaturbine,onecangenerateelectricitytosend

backintothefactoryortothepowergrid.A2005LawrenceBerkeleyNational

Laboratorystudyof16majorindustriesfoundenoughwasteheattogenerate96,000

megawattsofpower,whichisnearlyafifthofnationwideelectricitydemand.Another

methodofcogenerationistobuildamini-plant,usuallyfueledbynaturalgas,topower

largeindustrialorcommercialproperties;asingleflamegenerateselectricityandheals

(hebuildingswhilecuttingouttransmissioncosts.Bothmethodsdramaticallyreduce

powerconsumptionandthusemissions.Cogenerationisattractingincreasingnotice,but

itstillfaceshighhurdles.Utilitiesseetheentrepreneurswhobuildcogenerationplantsas

competitorsandoftenstructuretheirratestonullifysavingsfbrcompaniesthatrecycle

power.Further,insomestatesit'sillegalforanyoneotherthanautilitytosellelectricity.

TheHouseenergybillrightlyimprovesaccesstothepowergridforcogeneration

facilitiesandsetsupaloanfundtoencouragerecycledenergyinpublicbuildings,but

moreshouldbedone,suchascreationofaninvestmenttaxcreditforcogenerationplants.

Undoubtedlythereisalimittoconservation-atsomepoint,itwillbecomeprohibitively

expensivetokeepmakingrefrigerators5%moreefficienteveryyear-buttheamountof

powerthatcouldstillbesavedusingexistingtechnologiesisstaggering.Lawrence

BerkeleyresearcherHashemAkbariestimatesthesavingsfromasimplefixlike

requiringwhiteroofs,whichwouldreflectsunlightandthereforelowercoolingcosts,at

morethan$1billionayearnationwide.Fightingglobalwarmingdoesn'thavetoderail

(heeconomy,orevenslowitmuch.Someofthecostsof(heexpensivefixes,suchas

developingrenewablepower,capturingcarbonfromcoal-burningplantsandrefining

betterbio-fuels,canbeoffsetbythesavingsfromefficiencymeasuressuchasbetter

insulation,tougherfueleconomystandardsandappliancesthatsucklesspower.Theright

combinationofsavingenergyandinvestinginnewformswillpaydividendsfbrthe

world.

6^Accordingtothetext,theHouseenergybillencourages.

A、developingnewtechnologies

B、utilizinglittle-knowntechnology

C、improvingcogenerationtechnology

D、usingwasteheattoproduceelectricity

標準答案：D

知識點解析：根據第一段“OnebigplusoftheHousebillisthe

incentives...cogeneration.Tliisisamethodofusingwasteheattogeneratepower...”,

D應為答案。

7、Cogenerationtechnologyhasenormouspotentialsince.

A^itcangenerateenoughelectricityfbr16majorindustriesiouse

B、itmaysatisfyalargeproportionofnation'selectricitydemand

C、factoriestendtodischargehugeamountofsteamandhotgases

D、allthewastedheatcollectedcanbeusedtogenerateelectricity

accumulaiingfrombehavioralandneurobiologicalstudies(fromtheemergingfieldcalled

socialneuroscience).Commonsenseandintuitionalsofeedintoandsupportscience

senseandtheobviousconclusionisthatmammals,attheveryleast,experiencerichand

deepemotionallives,feelingpassionsfrompureandcontagiousjoyduringplay,todeep

griefandpain.Recentdataalsoshowsthatbirdsandfisharesentientandexperiencepain

andsuffering.Prestigiousscientificjournalsregularlypublishessaysonjoyinrats,grief

inelephantsandempathyinmice.Thebottomlineisthatweknowmoreaboutanimal

passionsthanweoftenadmit,andwecannolongerignore(hepainandsufferingofother

beings.Manypeopleinhighereducationarefacedwithdifficultquestionsabouttheuse

ofanimalsin(heirclassroomsandresearchlaboratoriesandtodaywemustaccept(hat

(herearecompellingreasonsstemmingfromscientificresearchtolimitandperhapsstop

usinganimalsinlieuofthenumeroushighlyeffectivenonanimalalternativesthatare

readilyavailable.Inscientificresearchtherearealwayssurprises.Justwhenwethink

we'veseenitall,newscientificdataappearthatforceustorethinkwhatweknowandto

reviseourstereotypes.Forexample,spindlecells,whichwerelongthoughttoexistonly

inhumansandothergreatapes,haverecentlybeendiscoveredinhumpbackwhales,fin

whales,killerwhalesandspermwhalesinthesameareaoftheirbrainsasspindlecellsin

humanbrains.Thisbrainregionislinkedwithsocialorganization,empathyandintuition

aboutthefeelingsofothers,aswellasrapidgutreactions.Spindlecellsarcimportantin

processingemotions.It'slikelythatifweseekthepresenceofspindlecellsinother

animalswewillfindthem.

11、Whichofthefollowingbestsupportstheassumptionthatanimalshaveemotions?

Whathappensintheirheadsandhearts.

B、Howtheyinteractwithfriendsandfoes.

C、Theodorstheyemitwhenheingwithfriends.

D、Theexpressionintheireyeswhileinteractingwithothers.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：根據第一段倒數第二句"Lookat...and,mostimportantly,their

eyes“，D應為答案。

12、Theauthorconsidershimselfveryfortunatebecause.

A^hehasstudiedanimalemotionsformorethan30years

B、heisoneofthefewscientistswhostudyanimaleinolions

C、hehasfoundscientificevidencestosupportthenotionofanimalemotions

D、hehasn'tfoundanyconflictbetweenthestudyofanimalbehaviorandhisinterest

標準答案：C

知識點解析：根據第二段第二句"Whenever，Igettocontributetoscience…”和第

三句”...therearemanylinesofscientificsupport...aboutthenatureofanimal

emotions...C應為答案。

13、Theauthorhasjustifiedwithhisstudyofanimalbehavior(hat.

A、mammalsarcabletofeelbothjoyandgrief

B、birdsandfishexperiencemorepainthanjoy

C、mammalscanexperiencericheremotionsthanotheranimals

D^commonsenseandintuitionislessconvincingthansciencesense

標準答案：A

知識點解析：根據第二段第四句”…mammals…feelingpassionsfrompureand

contagiousjoyduringplay?todeepgriefandpain'',A應為答案。

14、Theauthorarguesihat.

A、animalshavemorepassionsthanwcusuallyadmit

B、nonanimalresearchismoreeffectivethananimalresearch

C、tostopusinganimalsisnotonlyimperativebutalsofeasible

D^thepainandsufferingimposedonanimalsshouldberemoved

標準答案；D

知識點解析:根據第三段第一句”...wecannolongerignorethepainandsufferingof

otherbeings”,D應為答案。

15、Byreferringtospindlecells,theauthorintendstoshowthat.

A、animalemotionsoriginatedfromthem

B、animalsareundoubtedlyemotionalbeings

C、theyareimportantinprocessingemotions

theycanbefoundinthebrainsofvariousanimals

標準答案：B

知識點解析：根據本文最局兩句"Spindlecellsareimportantinprocessing

emotions.It'slikelythatifweseekthepresenceofspindlecellsinotheranimalswewill

findthem”可知，最后一段舉“Spindlecells”的例子，顯然是用來說明本文的主題：

“animalshaveemotions"。所以，B應為答案。

Socialconflictsknownobounds.Itdocsnotresonateinacertainagegroup,creed,color

orrace.Everyoneexperiencesatleastonesocialconflictintheirlifetime.Therearcmany

waystodealwithsocialconflicts,withsomebeingremarkableandevenresolvingthe

conflictathand,andothersthattendtofuelthefireorjustmakemattersworse.Asocial

conflictcanbeassmallasaproblemintheworkplaceamongstcoworkersandcanbeas

bigasaworldleadersdisagreeingonaninternalionalmatter.Asachild,manyofuswere

toldbyoureldersandmentorstoignorebullying.Theytoldusthatotherswerejealousor

insecureandtookitoutonyouasaresultorcoverup.Alotofusmayremember

resortingtowardsviolenceorotheraggressiveconfrontationstotryanddealwiththe

matter.Formanyofus,thisalsoresultedinpunishmentsuchassuspension,detention

andworseningofthebullying.Thetruthisthatifyougotoacounselororauthority

figure,andarrangeasitdownwiththepersonbullyingandta.kitout,youareusually

betteroffTryingtotalktoachildoryoungadultinfrontofthepeers,rarelyworks.They

feelobligatedtoputonashowfortheirfriendsorupholdtheirstatusasthe"toughkid"

orthe"classbully."Oncetheyletthatguarddown,theymayverywellbebulliedbythe

peersthathavestoodbehindtheminmanysituations.Intheworkplace,certainconflicts

canarisesuchasconflictofrolesorauthoritytoconflictofinterestandpositionconflict.

Manytimes,thebestwaytodealwithaconflictintheworkplaceistotalktothe

coworkerorsourceofconflictfirst,whileremembering(obepolite,civilandonpoint.

Someothersdecidetogo(o(heheadoftheworkplacesuchasthebossorasupervisorto

addressthematterathand.Eitherway,itisneveragoodnorlogicalideatoconfrontthe

conflictwithyelling,bullying,gossip,orphysicalviolence.Forone,thiswillnotresolve

theissue.Youmayalsoleadwaytoadditionalproblems,suchassuspension,lossofjob,

orlossofrespectintheworkplace.Socialconflictionisinevitable.Theonlywaytodeal

withsocialconflictisresolution.Youcantaketheroadofviolentandrashformsof

tryingtoresolveyourproblems,oryoucantakethepathofdealingwithyourproblem

civilly,legallyandnon-violently.

16、Bysaying"Socialconflictsknownobounds.theauthormeansthat.

A^(hereisconllictbetweendifferentraces

B、socialconflictisnothingbutclassstruggle

C、nobodylivinginsocietycanavoidconflict

D、conflictisaninherentpartofanyinstitution

標準答案：C

知識點解析：根據第一段中的“Itdoesnotresonateinacertainagegroup,creed,

colororrace.Evcryonccxpcricnccsatleastonesocialconflictintheirlifetime”可知，

社會沖突無處不在。所以.C應為答案。

17、Theauthorbelievesthatsocialconflicts.

A、tendtoaggravateo