考研英語(閱讀)模擬試卷272

一、閱讀(常規(guī)閱讀理解)(本題共2。題，每題

分,共20分。)

JudithVogtli,directorofanupstateNewYork-basedabs(inerce((hepracticeofrefraining

fromsex,alcohol,etc)organizaiioncalledProjectTruth,isworriedihaithegoldenageof

"abstinence-only"educationmayhavecometoanencl.GeorgeW.Bushhelpedincrease

fundingforthiskindofsexeducation—whichfocusesonchastityasthewaytoprevent

pregnancyandsexuallytransmitteddiseases,anddiscussesccndomsonlyintermsof

failure—toover$175mayear.Thefateofthatmoney,andofabstinenceeducationitself,

isuncertainunderanewadministrationandCongress.MsVogtlineedonlywaitafew

weeks.BarackObamawillsubmitthefirstdraftofhisbudgettoCongresslaterthis

month.Inthemeantime,herorganization,fundedentirelybyagovernmentgrant,is

tryingtogoaboutbusinessasusual.Thatmeansteachingaboutabstainingfromsex,

drugsandalcoholinNewYorkschoolsandholdingitssixthannualabstinenceCreativity

Contest,towhichstudentssubmittedessays,poems,artworkandmusiconthethemeof

"Waitingiseasierbecause..."Abstinenceonlyeducationprogramshavebeen

controversialeversince(heywereintroducedunderRonaldReaganin1981.Some

liberalshavelabeledit"ignorance-only"educationandmostfavoracurriculum(hat

includesdiscussionofbothabstinenceandcontraception(themethodtoprevent

pregnancy).Since(hestartofabstinence-onlyprograms,thefederalgovernmenthas

spentover$1.5billiononthem,buttheUnitedStatesstillhasoneofthehighestteen-

pregnancyratesofanydevelopedcountry.Supportersofabstinence-onlyeducation

mostlythinkthatthemediaandacultureofcasualsexualbehaviorsaretoblameforthis

andthatmoregovernmentsupportforabstinencecouldhelpoffsettheriseofteenage

pregnancyandsexuallytransmitteddisease.Butopponentsblameabstinence-only

education.Thereissonicevidencetosupporttheircase.AccordingtoSarahBrownofthe

NationalCampaigntoPreventTeenandUnplannedPregnancy,anadvocacy

organization,therehasbeenr.orandomizedstudyshowingthatabstinence-onlyeducation

delayssexualactivity,andresearchfrom(heUniversityofWashingtonsuggeststhat

teenswhoreceivecomprehensivesexeducationhavea50%lowerriskofbecoming

pregnantthanthoseenrolledinabslinence-onlycourses.Abstinence-onlyadvocateswant

(hegovernmenttoletschooldistrictschoosewhichtypeofsexeducationtheyprefer.But

inanunfavorablesignforthem,thenewCongressisalreadyshiftingitsemphasis.Louise

Slaughter,acongresswomanfromNewYorkandaformerscientist,hasintroducedabill

thatwouldfund"medicallyaccurate"comprehensivesexeducationinschools.Itislikely

topass.

1、Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthat"abstinence-only"education

A、failstowinthesupportfromthenewadministration.

B、focusesonbothchastityandcondoms.

C、enjoysgreatpopularityamongtheyoungpeople.

D^mightseeadeclineofpublicinterestinsucheducation.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。文中第一段說到“唯禁欲”教育的黃金時(shí)代也許行將結(jié)

束。因此D項(xiàng)正確。

2、WhichofthefollowingistrueofParagraph2?

A^MsVogtli'sorganizationisfundedbythegovernmentandtheprivatecompanies.

B、MsVogtli'sorganizationistryingitsbesttodobusinesswellasusual.

C、TheannualabstinenceCreativityContesthasbeenheldforsixconsecutiveyears.

D^Studentparticipantsofthecontestshouldsubmitessays,poems,artworkofany

themes.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段末句提到禁欲組織正在舉辦第六屆年度禁欲創(chuàng)意

大賽，C項(xiàng)中的consecutive（連續(xù)的、連貫的）對應(yīng)于文中的annual（一年一次的），

故選C。

3、AccordingtoParagraph3,thetccn-prcgnancyratesarchighbecauseof

A、alackofgovernmentsupportforabstinenceeducation.

B、thecasualattitudetowardsabstinenceeducation.

C、thecasualattitudetowardssexandmassmedia

D、thecurriculumthatexcludesdiscussionofcontraception.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，考查因果細(xì)節(jié)。第三段指出“媒體和性行為隨意的社會

風(fēng)氣是導(dǎo)致青少年懷孕率高的主要原因“，所以C項(xiàng)正確，

4、Itissuggestedinthefourthparagraphthatcomprehensivesexeducation

A、doesnotputoffsexualactivityamongtheteens.

B、helpstheteensreducetheriskofbecomingpregnantby50%.

C、helps50%oftheteensavoidthesexualbehavior.

D、helpstheteensavoidbecomingpregnantmoreeffectively.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，考查比較細(xì)節(jié)。第四段指出“與接受唯禁欲教育的學(xué)生

相比，接受綜合的性教育的青少年懷孕風(fēng)險(xiǎn)要低50%”，即綜合的性教育能更有效

地幫助青少年避免懷孕，因此D項(xiàng)正確。

5、Wemayinferfromthelastparagraphthat

A、（henewCongressstillemphasizestheabstinence-onlyeducation.

B、thecomprehensivesexeducationmayreceivemoresupport.

C、abilloffundingcomprehensivesexeducationhasbeenpassed.

D、LouiseSlaughterisinfavorofabstinence-onlyeducation.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。B項(xiàng)“綜合性教育可能會得到更多的支持''是原文”議案

有望通過”的另一種表達(dá)方式，故選B。

Thinkof(hemeparksandyouthinkofrollercoasters.Thesecretcheckingoftheseal

restraints,thestomach-sickeningclimbandthevisceralthrillofthedroparethe

hallmarksofaparkvisit.Butasametaphorfortheindustry,therollercoasterisall

wrong.Makingmoneyfromthemeparksisahardthing,notathrillingrush.Andcoasters

arenotwherethebestchanceofrevenuegrowthlies.Thisweek'sJuly4thcelebrations

markedthebeginningofthesummerseasonforAmerica'sthemeparks.Aroundthe

world,anotheryearofmoderategrowthisexpected:globalattendancegrewby2.2%in

2006.GrowthisslowestinthematuremarketsofNorthAmericaandEurope,thoughthe

prospectslookbetterinAsia.Scopetoraiseentrypricesislimitedbycompetition.At

$300mormore,theeconomicsofbuildinganewparkarc"brutal",saysRaymondBraun

ofEconomicResearchAssociates,aconsultancy.Inresponse,operatorsare

concentratingonimprovingthecustomerexperience,makinggreateruseoftheir

facilitiesandturningparksintomulti-daydestinations.Strongertheminghelpstomakea

parkmoredistinctive.GreaterinteractivityisalsoimportantThe"MeninBlack"rideat

UniversalStudiosinOrlando.Florida,inwhichpassengersshootatanimatronicsaliens,

isagoodexampleofwhatindustrytypesliketocallan"immersive"experience.

DiscoveryCove,anotherFloridapark,takesthattermliterally,chargingvisitorspremium

pricestoswimwithdolphinsandotheranimals.Packingmorepeopleintoparksrisks

turningvisitsintoaseriesofqueuesinterruptedbyrides,ratherthantheotherwayround.

"Queuingisabignuisance,"saysMarkFisherofMerlinEntertainments.Oneansweris

tobreakuptheboredombyputtingentertainersintothequeue.Anotheristoofferride-

reservationsystemsorspecialticketsthatletpeoplebookaplaceinlinewithouthaving

toqueue.Gettingpeoplethroughtheparkmoreefficientlyisonewaytoincreasetheuse

offacilities.Extendingtheseasonisanother.Tivoli,aparkintheheartofCopenhagen,

introducedaten-dayHalloweenseasonin2006tositalongsideitssummerandChristmas

openings."Weusedtobeaseasonalbusinessandnowwearemoreorlessafull-year

business,"saysthepark'schiefexecutive.Assqueezinggrowthoutofexistingparks

becomesharder,operatorsarealsolookingtonewmarkets.Indoorcity-basedattractions,

whicharecheaptobuildandeasytogetto,haveplentyofpotential,eveninmature

markets.Emergingmarketslookpromising,loo.Asia'stoptenparksrecordedattendance

growthof4.4%in2006.muchofitdrivenbyHongKongDisneyland'sfirstfullyearof

operation.Asconsumersindevelopingmarketsbecomewealthier,theindustrywilllook

alotmorethrilling.

6、Rollercoastersseemaninappropriatemetaphorforthemeparksinthat

A、coastersarenolongthebestthrillinghallmarksofaparkvisit.

B、coastersavailnothingforraisingtheturnoverofthemeparks.

C、earningprofitfromthemeparksisanythingbutathrillingrush.

D、making-moneyfromtheneparksishardlytougherthanrollingcoasters.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C''

知識點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題?？疾橐蚬?xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)Rollercoasters定位到第一段。由

倒數(shù)第二句"使主題公園贏利十分困難，而不像過山車那樣thrillingrush”可知，答

案是Co

Andsomeofthelatestresearchfindsthatratesofasthmaandrelatedrespiratory

problemsclimbinkidswhoareshortonothercommonlymissingessentials,including

vitaminsCandEandomcga-3fattyacids.AteamattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth

evaluatedthedietandrcspiracory(rclatingtotheprocessofbrcathing)hcalthofsonic

2,000NorthAmericanhighschoolseniorsandfoundthatteenswholackoffruit,

vegetables,andotherhealthfulfoodsweremostlikelytohaveproblemssuchas

coughing,panting,episodesofbronchitis,andasthma.VitaminsCandE,whichare

abundantinfruitanddark-greenvegetables,may"protectthelungfromstress,'1says

HarvardresearchfellowandstudyleaderJaneBurns.Omega-3reducesinflammation,a

keyfeatureofasthma,inwhichairwaysswellandmakebreathingdifficull.Oilyfishlike

salmon,mackerel,andtuna—aswellascod-liveroil—arerichinbothomega-3and

vitaminD.VitaminDcanalsobeobtainedfrommultivitaminmilkandsunshineand

manykidsshouldbegettingmoreofboth.Inanothernewstudy,researchersfoundthat

55percentofoutwardlyhealthychildrenandteenagerstheytesteddidn'thaveenough

vitaminDtogrowhealthybones.Dark-skinnedchildrenwereparticularlylikelytobe

shortofthebone-buildingvitamin,accordingtoBabetteZemel,anauthorofthestudy

anddirectoroftheNutritionandGrowthLaboratoryatChildren'sHospitalof

Philadelphia.Themclanin(anaturaldarkbrowncolourinhumanskin,hair,andeyes)that

makestheirskindarkalsoblocksultravioletrays,whichthebodyusestomakevitamin

D.Inwinter,whenthesunwasweakest,morethan90pcrccniofblacksinthestudywere

vitaminDdeficient.Researcherssuggestpointingkidsoutside,andwaitingafew

minutesbeforeputtingonsunblock;10minutesofmiddaysummersunprovides10,000

internationalunitsofthevitamin-morethanenoughforaday.Likemelanin,sunblock

preventstheskinfrommakingvitaminD,soabitoflotion-freeexposureisnecessaryto

grabthebenefit.

11Whatcanwcinferfromthefirstparagraph?

A、Parentswillalwaysfeediheirchildrenwell.

B、Kidswhoeatmorearelesslikelytosufferfrommalnutrition.

C、Kidsshouldhaveaccesstodietsofhealthfulnutrients.

D^Deficienciesofcertaincompoundsareharmfulorevendeadly.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：判斷推理題。第一段指出不良的飲食方式會影響兒童健康，點(diǎn)明了健

康飲食的重要性，故選C。

12、VitaminDdeficiencywillprobablyresultin

A、lessbonefractures.

B、dark-coloredskins.

C^suppressedimmunity.

D、inabilitytobreathe.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段第一句提到維生素D缺失會導(dǎo)致一些疾病，C

項(xiàng)“免疫力下降”在提及的內(nèi)容之中。

13、Thestudyontherelationshipbetweendietandrespiratoryheakhisioverifythat

teens

A^willfallillforthelackoffruitsorvegetablesintake.

B、willbeguardedagainstlungstressandothersimilarproblems.

C、aremostlikelytobecomethevictimsofrespiratoryillness.

D、arenoteasilyaffectedintermsofcoughandasthma.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：判斷推理題。第三段提出哈佛大學(xué)一項(xiàng)針對青少年飲食和健康的研究

表明較少食用果蔬的青少年更易患上呼吸類的疾病。A項(xiàng)符合文意。

14、Accordingtothetext,dark-skinnedkidsareparticularlyshortofvitaminDinthat

(hedarkskin

A、hasmoremelaninthatconsumesmorevitaminD.

B、absorbsmoreultravioletrays,(huskillingthemelanin.

C、canonlyproduceunitsofthevitaminwhenthesunwasstrong.

D、hasmoremelaninthatblocksultravioletrays,reducingvitaminDproduction.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，考查因果細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)題干的dark-skinnedkids定位到第

五段。該段講到黑色素同時(shí)也阻擋紫外線，而紫外線是人體合成維生素D的來

源。故選D。

15、Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A、KidsLackinginNutrients

B、MalnourishedFamilies

C、MoreSunblock,LessVitaminD

D、HealthandNature

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：主旨大意題。這類題型要緊扣“關(guān)鍵詞”和“中心點(diǎn)全文著力講述了

飲食不當(dāng)引發(fā)兒童營養(yǎng)缺失的問題。因此“兒童”和“營養(yǎng)”一詞應(yīng)當(dāng)包含于題目之

中，A項(xiàng)符合。

Perhapsthemostambitiouslong-termhealthstudyeverplannedbytheNational

InstitutesofHcalth(NET)hasbeenhitbyaNASAstylepriceshock:Onceestimatedat$3

Billionover25years,theactualcostcouldbetwicethatmuch.Theproblembecame

publiclastweekataCapitolHillhearingontheNIHbudget.ActingNIHDirector

RaynardKingtonsaidhehaslaunchedahigh-levelreviewoftheplantotrackthehealth

of100,000childrenfrombeforebirth(oage21andthatthestudywillHkelybescaled

back.TheNationalChildren'sStudy(NCS)grewoutofa2000congressionaldirectiveto

NIHtodeterminehowenvironmentalinfluences,fromchemicalcontaminantstovideo

games,shapethedevelopmentofchildrenandaffectdiseasessuchasautismandobesity.

Researchersplantorecruitadiversegroupofpregnantmothersat105sitesaroundthe

UnitedStatesbyknockingonrandomlyselecteddoors.Congressprovided$192million

infundingthisyeartosetupthesitesandlaunchapilotstudy.Kingtonsayshebecame

concernedInearlyJanuaryafterbeinginformedofhisstaffslatestcostprojections.It

wassincellicnthatKinglonrealized"ihcruwasafundaniuiilalprobleminusliiiialingthe

truecosts."Inordertoturnthingsaround,Kingtonhasnowadded"greatlyheightened

oversight."ThaiincludesaskingClaudeLenfant,formerdirectorof(heNationalHeart,

Lung,andBloodInstitute,toreturntoNIHashisadviseronthestudy.NIHwillalsotake

alongerpausethanoriginallyplannedafterthe1-yearpilot,whichbeganinJanuaryat

twoofsevensites,torevisetheprotocolandreassessthecosts.Whentrimmingbegins,

Kingtonsayshehopesthe109,000samplesizewillbe"thelastthing"consideredfor

cuts.Butthesize,numberofhypotheses,andtheprotocolsareallonthetable.

PediatricianPhilipLandrigan,whohelpedconceivetheNCS,hopesnottolose

componentssuchasin-homedetailedassessmentsofeachchild'sdevelopmentwhichare

expensive."We'rejustwaitingtoseehow(hisworksou(,nsaysLandrigan,whoseteam

hasknockedonmorethan1000doorsinQueensandfoundthatmanywomenseem

interested.Thebudgetproblemscomeasnosurprisetoformei-NIHDirectorElias

Zerhouni,whowantedtoavoidfundingfortheNCS.Zerhourisayshehad"severe

reservations"aboutthepotenlialcostandfeltNIHshouldcomplete(hepilotbeforeany

decisionsweremadeaboutproceedingwiththefullstudy.Instead,"Congressinterfered"

byprovidingthemoneytomoveaheadanyway."Itwaspoliticalmanagement,"Zerhouni

says,and"Idon'tthinkpeopleshouldbeshocked"attheresult.

16、ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph1thatthemostambitiouslong-termhealthstudy

A、wasplannedinaNASAstyle.

B、hasmetpersonnelproblems.

C、willbehaltedforitshugecost.

D、isver