考研英語(閱讀)模擬試卷338

一、閱讀(常規閱讀理解)(本題共20題，每題7.0

分，共20分。)

Researchhasuncoveredthatcultureisadeterminingfactorwheninterpretingfacial

emotions.Thestudyrevealsthatincultureswhereemotionalcontrolisthestandard,such

asJapan,focusisplacedontheeyestointerpretemotions.Whereasincultureswhere

emotionisopenlyexpressed,suchastheUnitedStates,thefocusisonthemouthto

interpretemotion.Acrosstwostudies,usingcomputerizediconsandhumanimages,the

researcherscomparedhowJapaneseandAmericanculturesinterpretedimages,which

conveyedarangeofemotions."Thesefindingsgoagainstthepopulartheorythatthe

facialexpressionsofbasicemotionscanbeuniversallyrecognized,"saidUniversityof

AlbertaresearcherDr.TakahikoMasuda."Aperson'scultureplaysaverystrongrolein

determininghowtheywillperceiveemotionsandneedstobeconsideredwhen

inlerpretingfacialexpression."Theseculturaldifferencesareevennoticeablein

computeremoticons,whichareusedtoconveyawriter'semotionsoveremailandtext

messaging.Consistentwiththeresearchfindings,theJapaneseemoticonsforhappiness

andsadnessvaryintermsofhowtheeyesaredepicted,whileAmericanemoticonsvary

withthedirectionofthemouth.IntheUnitedStatestheemoticons:)and：-)denotea

happyface,whereastheemoticons：(or:-(denoteasadface.However,Japanesetendto

usethesymbol(A_A)toindicateahappyface,and(;_;)toindicateasadface.When

participantswereaskedtoratetheperceivedlevelsofhappinessorsadnessexpressed

throughthedifferentcomputeremoticons,theresearchersfoundthattheJapanesestill

lookedtotheeyesoftheemoticonstodetermineitsemotion."Wethinkitisquite

interestingandappropriatethataculturethattendstomaskitsemotions,suchasJapan,

wouldfocusonaperson'seyeswhendeterminingemotion,aseyestendtobequite

subtle,"saidMasuda."IntheUnitedStates,whereovertemotionisquitecommon,it

makessensetofocusonthemouth,whichisthemostexpressivefeatureonapersons

face."ThesefindingsarepublishedinthecurrentissueofTheJournalofExperimental

SocialPsychology.TheresultsalsosuggesttheinterestingpossibilitythattheJapanese

maybebetterthanAmericansatdetecting"falsesmiles*1.Ifthepositionoftheeyesisthe

keytowhethersomeone'ssmileisfalseortrue,Japanesemaybeparticularlygoodat

detectingwhethersomeoneislyingorbeing"fake".However,thesequestionscanonly

beansweredwithfutureresearch.

1、Itisrevealedinastudythat.

A^eyesareusedtocontrolemotions

BNmouthisusedtoexpressemotions

C>facialemotionsvarywithcultures

D^culturedeterminesfacialemotions

標準答案：C

知識點解析：根據第一段第二句"Thestudyrevealsthatincultures...suchas

Japan…emotions”和第三句"Whereasincultures...suchastheUnited

States...emotion,,?C應為答案。

2、Mostpeoplebelievethat.

A、facialemotionscanbeuniversallyinterpreted

B、culturedetermineshowoneperceivesemotions

C^humanimagesconveyawiderangeofemotions

D、cultureshouldbeconsideredininterpretingemotions

標準答案：A'

知識點解析：根據第三段第一句中的“…thepopulartheorythatthefacialexpressions

ofbasicemotionscanbcuniversallyrecognized...,,,A應為答案。

3、Itisobviousthatemoticonsare.

A、morenoticeablethanhumanimages

B、iconsusedtoconveyhumanemotions

C、usedmuchmoreinJapanthaninAmerica

D、usedtodenotehappinessratherthansadness

標準答案：B

知識點解析：根據第四段第一句中的“…computeremoticons,whichareusedto

conveyawriter'semotionsoveremailandtextmessaging'',B應為答案。

4、Thereisnodoubtthat.

A、eyesarelessusedtoexpressovertemotions

B、eyesareusuallydepictedtoindicateahappyface

C>theJapaneseisparticularlygoodatdetecting"falsesmiles"

D、theJapaneseisgoodatdetectingwhethersomeoneislying

標準答案：A

知識點解析：根據第六段第一句中的.appropriatethataculturethattendsto

maskitsemotions,suchasJapan,wouldfocusonaperson'seyeswhendetennining

emotion,aseyestendtobequitesubtle,…A應為答案。

5、Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatculture.

A、primarilyfocusesontheeyestointerpretemotions

B、tendstofocusonthemouthtointerpretemotions

C、playsakeyroleindeterminingfacialemotions

D、isakeytointerpretingfacialemotions

標準答案：D

知識點解析：本文第一句"Researchhasuncoveredthatcultureisadeterminingfactor

wheninterpretingfacialemolions”是全文主題句。根據這句話，D應為答案。

Theworldeconomyhasbeengrowingatitsfastestforageneration.Money,goodsand

ideasmovearoundtheglobemorefreelythantheyhaveforatleastacenturymaybe

morethanever,whenyouthinkofmoderncommunicationandChina'sre-emergence.So

whyallthegripesandgrumbles?Theproblem,assomeseeit,isthatworkersinrich

countriesarenotgettingafairwhack.Theirshareofincomehasbeenshrinkingforthe

pastquarterofacentury,mostmarkedlyincontinentalEuropeandJapan.Theneworder

maybejustdandyforcapitalists,butnotforthosewhotoilbyhandorbrain.Inits

semiannualWorldEconomicOutlook,theIMFexamineshowtrade,technologyand

immigrationhavestitchedtheworld'slabourmarketstogetheratanastonishingrate,

leavingrichcountryworkersunsureofwheretheystand.Weightingeachcountry's

workforcebyitsratioofexportstoGDP,theIMFestimatesthatgloballaboursupplyhas

ineffectrisenfourfoldsince1980asChina,Indiaandonce-communistcountrieshave

openedup.Mostoftheextraworkersgotnofurtherthansecondaryschool(althoughthe

relativesupplyofgraduateshasgoneupby50%).Withthissurgeofcompetition,you

mightexpectlabour'sshareofthepietoshrink.Insomecases,thecompetitionisdirect:

workerscrossborderstotakejobsinrichcountries.Althoughunwelcomeinmany

places,immigrants'shareoftheworkforcehasrisenalotinsomeEuropean

countries(nolablyBritain,GermanyandItaly)andinAmerica,whereitiscloseto15%.

Themoreimportantchannel,though,istrade:largelybecauseofChina,developing

countries'shareofrichcountries'manufacturingimportshasdoubledsincetheearly

1990s."Offshoring"—shiftingproduction,especiallyofintermediategoodsandsome

services,abroadhasbeenontherise,althoughtheIMFnotesthatithasgrownmore

slowlythantotaltrade.Globalisationisnottheonlypossiblereasonwhylabour'sshare

hasshrunk.Newtechnologieshaveprobablytakenafewdegreesofftheworkers'slice

too.TechnologicalchangehadthebiggesteffectinEuropeandJapan.InAnglo-Saxon

countries(America,Australia,BritainandCanada)itwasmuchsmaller.Theeffectsof

labourglobalisationweremostevidentinAnglo-SaxonandsmallEuropeancountries.

However,ithastoucheddifferentplacesindifferentways.InEuropetheeffectsof

offshoringandimmigrationhavebeenmoremarkedthanintheAnglo-Saxonworld;in

Japantheyhavescarcelyregistered.Thelabour-intensivegoodsthatrichcountriesimport

havefalleninprice,pressingdownontheworkers'share.Butthishasbeenbroadlyoffset

bypricefallsinthecapital-intensivegoodstheyexport.InJapanthesepricesfellby

enoughtoyieldanoverallnetgaininthelabourshare.

6、ByreferringtoChina'sre-emergence,theauthorintendstoshow.

A、whytherearesomanygripesandgrumbles

B、theunfairnessoftheworld'slabourmarkets

C、theincreasedglobalizationintheworldeconomy

D、thesmallershareofincomelabourcanexpecttoget

標準答案：C

知識點解析：根據第一段第二句"Money,goodsandideasmovearoundtheglobe

morefreelythantheyhaveforatleastacentury-maybemorethanever,whenyouthink

of…China'sre-emergence”,C應為答案。

7、Labor'sshareofincomeinrichcountrieshasbeenshrinkingmainlybecause

of.

A、therapidincreaseofgloballaboursupply

B、theloweducationallevelofextraworkers

C^theopeningupofonce-communistcountries

D、thehigherratioofeachcountry'sexportstoGDP

標準答案：A

知識點解析:根據第二段最后一句"Withthissurgeofcompetition,youmightexpect

labour'sshareofthepietoshrink"，A應為答案。

8、Thefactthat"offshoringhasbeenontherise"isusedtoshowthat.

A、ithasgrownmoreslowlythantotaltrade

China'sshareofrichcountriesJimportsisthelargest

C^immigrants'shareoftheworkforcehasrisenconsiderably

D、workersinrichcountriesfacesharpcompetitionfromabroad

標準答案：D

知識點解析：第三段提到的包括“Offshoringhasbeenontherise”在內的三個情況都

用來說明第二段最后一句中的“thissurgeofcompetition"。所以，D應為答案。

9^Theauthorarguesthatthechiefpossiblereasonfbrlabour'ssmallershareofincome

is.

A、labourglobalisation

B、technologicalchange

C^thefreerinternationaltrade

D、thefast-growingimmigration

標準答案：A

知識點解析：本文共五段，其中第二、三、五段討論的都是“labourglobalisation”對

發達國家工人收入所占份額減少產生的影響。所以，A應為答案。

10、Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat.

A^labour-intensivegoodsshouldnotbeimported

B、Japanisleastvulnerabletolabourglobalisation

C、theeffectsofoffshoringandimmigrationhavebeenscarce

D^theeffectsoflabourglobalizationvaryfromcountrytocountry

標準答案：D

知識點解析：最后一段的主題句是“However,ithastoucheddifferentplacesin

differentways"。所以，D應為答案。

Drunkdriverscausehundredsoftrafficaccidentseachyear,manyofwhichendin

fatalities.Inrecentyears,twoorganizationshavebeenformedtocombatthisdeadly

menace.MADD(MothersAgainstDrunkDriving)wasformedtostopdrunkdrivingkids

andteens,supportthevictimsofitandpreventunderagedrinking.SADD(Studcnts

AgainstDestructiveDecisions)wascreatedtoprovidestudentswiththebestprevention

andtoolstodealwithunderagedrinking,druguse,impaireddrivingandotherdestructive

decisions.Thetwoorganizationslakedifferentapproachestodrunkdrivingandeachis

succeedinginitsownway.MADDwasfoundedin1980byCindyLightner,following

thedeathofher13yearolddaughterwhowaskilledbyadrunkdriveroutofbailforahit

andrunaccidentonlytwodaysearlier.Lightnerandothermotherswhohadlostchildren

todrunkdriversformedMADDinanefforttostopthemorethan30,000alcoholrelated

drivingdeathseachyear.Theyworked,notonlytoeducatethepublicaboutthedangers

ofdrunkdriving,buttochangesocietalattitudesaboutdrinkinganddriving.MADD

expandeditscampaignfrom"Don'tDriveDrunk"to"Don'tDrinkandDrive".To

accomplishthis,ithasrecommendedhigherbeveragetaxes,lowerdrunkdrivingarrest

thresholds,androadblocksdesignedtofrightenpeopleoutofsocialdrinking.Ithasalso

createdVictimImpactPanels,wherepeopleconvictedofdrivingwhileintoxicatedhear

thestoriesofparents,relativesandfriendsofvictimsofdrunkdrivingaccidents.Twenty-

sixyearsafterthefoundingofMADD,alcoholrelateddrivingdeathsintheUnitedStates

havebeenreducedtoabout17,000annually.SADDwasfoundedbyRobertAnastasof

WaylandHighSchoolinMassachusettsasStudentsAgainstDrivingDrunkin1981.

SADDemergedasaresponsetomorethan6,000youngpeoplebeingkilledinalcohol

relatedaccidentseachyear.SADD'sapproachtotheproblemwastodevelopeducational

programsinschoolchaptersrangingfrommiddleschoolstocolleges.In1997,SADD

expandeditsmissiontoincludeunderagedrinking,substanceabuse,impaireddriving,

violence,andsuicide.SADD'sprogramsarekeyedtotheneedsofindividualschool

locations.Theseincludepeer-ledclasses,forums,workshops,conferencesandrallies,

andotherawareness-raisingactivities.Overitsfirstdecade,SADDhasworkedwith

manyfederalandstateagencies,nonprofitgroupsandfoundationstogetitsmessage

across.By1990,dueinparttotheworkofSADD,thenumberofyoungpeoplekilledin

alcoholrelatedaccidentsfellto2,000peryear.BothMADDandSADDhavebeen

influentialinreducingthenumberofalcoholrelateddeathsintheUnitedStates.Eachhas

takenadifferentapproachtotheproblemofdrunkdrivingandcomeupwithviable

solution.

11、Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofthetext?

A、Trafficaccidentswouldbeeliminatedwithoutdrunkdriving.

BothMADDandSADDarededicatedtocurbingdrunkdriving.

C>MADDwasformedmuchearlieranddidmuchmerethanSADD.

D、MADDtakesamoreeffectiveapproachtodrunkdrivingthanSADD.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：根據第一段第二、三、四句"Inrecentyears,twoorganizationshave

beenformedtocombatthisdeadlymenace.MADD...wasfbnnedtostopdrunk

driving...drinking.SADD...wascreated...”,B應為答案。

12、Accordingtotheauthor,CindyLightner

A、wasavictimofanalcoholrelatedtrafficaccident

BxfoundedMADDinmemoryofherlostdaughter

C、lostherdaughterinahitandrunaccident

D、wasdeterminedtoreducedrunkdriving

標準答案：D-

知識點解析：根據第二段第二句"Lightnerandothermothers...formedMADDinan

efforttostopthemorethan30,000alcoholrelateddrivingdeathseachyear”.D應為答

案。

13、Accordingtothetext,MADD.

A、urgesdrunkdriverstohearbitterstories

B、triesitsbesttofrightenpeopleoutofdrinking

C、hasconsiderablyreducedalcoholrelateddrivingdeaths

D、managestochangepublic'sattitudetowarddrunkdriving

標準答案：D

知識點解析：根據第二段第三句"Theyworked,notonly...,buttochangesocietal

attitudesaboutdrinkinganddriving"，D應為答案。

14、AsaresultofSADD'seffort,.

A^itsmissionincludesmuchmorethaneverbefore

B、feweryoungpeoplehavebeenkilledbydrunkdriving

C、itrespondstoalcoholrelatedaccidentsmorepromptly

D、moreeducationalprogramshavebeendevelopedinschools

標準答案：B」

知識點解析：根據第三段最后一句“By1990,dueinparttotheworkofSADD,the

nunqberofyoungpeoplekilledinalcoholrelatedaccidentsfellto2,000peryear'sB

應為答案。

15、Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext?

A、TwoInfluentialOrganizations

B、TheMenaceofDrunkDriving

C、TheFightagainstDrunkDriving

D、HowtoReduceTrafficAccidents

標準答案：C

知識點解析：本文.重點介紹了MADD和SADD如何制止“drunkdriving"，以便減

少因酒后駕駛引起的交通事故。所以，C應為答案。

InanOctober2008report,theCenterforDiseaseControlplacedtheU.S.29thininfant

mortality.tiedwithSlovakiaandPoland,andtrailingHungaryandCuba.JThatstunning

outcomewasquicklyseized:theU.S.health-caresystemneedstobemorelikethe

government-runsystemsinthoselands.Proponentsofthatviewoftenshiftintoone-on-

onccomparisonsofCanadaandAmerica.Canada,withmandatorypublichealth

insurance,experiences5.3deathsper1,000births;theU.S.,withprivateinsurancefor

most,sees6.9deaths,arate30percenthigher.Thisoutcomeisthenattributedtocross-

countrydifferencesinthehealth-caresystems."CanadianHealthCare.EvenWilli

Queues,BestsU.S.JwritesPatWechslerforBloomberg,com,citinginfantmortalityas

34percenthigherintheUnitedStates.Butinfant-mortalitydifferencescanandshouldbe

explainedbytheAmericanproportionofteenagemothers,whichrunshereatthreetimes

theCanadianrate.Thesepregnanciesarelesshealthy,producingmorepremature,low-

birth-weightbabies.Withineachbirth-motheragecategory,theU.S.hasgenerallyequal

orbelterinfantsurvival,asa2007NationalBureauofEconomicResearchpaperby

economistsJuneandDavidO'Neilldetails.Theproblemofinfantmortalityremains.It

shouldsurelybereducedintheU.S.,andseriousmeasuresshouldbeundertakento

accomplishthis.Butthefactorsthatcauseit-adolescentpregnancies,drugabuse,

smoking,drinking,andobesityareprobablynotgoingtobefixedbychangesinhealth

insurance,publicorprivate.Focusingonthehealthcaresystemrequiresnuancethat,for

thosehappilytoutingsummarystatistics,isnotworththestress.MichaelMoore's

documentarySickorevelsinrankingsthatplaceCubaaheadofAmericaintheinfant-

mortalityrace.Indeed,in2008Cubaclaimedaninfant-mortalityrateof5.8deathsper

1,000birthsagainsttheU.S.rateof6.9.Settingasidequestionsastowhichdeathscount

intheinfantmortalitystatistic一U.S.medicinemakesextraordinaryattemptstosave

low-birth-weightbabiesthatwouldotherwisebedeemedmiscarriages-andthefar

highermortalityofbirthingmothersinCuba,justoneadjustmentisprovocative;therate

forCubanslivingintheU.S.is4.2.Holdingcultureconstant,theU.S.outranksCuba.

Thatmaynotbemuchofaboast,butpoliticalopportunistsandnewspaperheadlines

trumpetjustthereversestory.Alas,ourPowerPointGenerationgravitatestobulletpoints

andtwo-dimensionalbarcharts,evenaswestumbleourwaythroughthis

multidimensionaluniverse.CliffsNotessciencedrivescriseswherenoneexistandmisses

thosethattrulyloom.

16、AccordingtoareportissuedinOct.2008bytheCenterforDiseaseControl,theU.

S..

equaledbothSlovakiaandPolandintherateofinfantdeaths

B、fellfarbehindbothHungaryandCubainhcalth-carcsystem

C、astonishedtheworldwithitsextremelyhighinfantmortality

D^needstotakeaggressivemeasurestoloweritsinfantmortality

標準答案：A

知識點解析：根據第一段中的”...placedtheU.S.29thininfantmortality,tiedwith

SlovakiaandPoland,...”可知,美國嬰兒死亡率與斯洛伐克和波蘭差不多。所以,

A應為答案。

17、ThecomparisonsofCanadaandAmericashowthat.

A^privateinsuran