PeriodTwoLearningaboutLanguage&UsingLanguageⅠ.重點單詞1．constructvt.建設；修建constructionn．建設；建筑物2．contributevt.&vi.捐獻；貢獻；捐助3．positiveadj.積極的；肯定的；確實的4．movementn．移動；運動；動作movableadj.可移動的5．spinvi.&vt.(使)旋轉；紡(線或紗)spun(過去式)spun(過去分詞)6．enthusiasticadj.熱情的；熱心的7．cautiousadj.小心的；謹慎的8．rejectvt.拒絕；不接受；拋棄Ⅱ.重點短語1．apartfrom除……之外；此外2．(be)strictwith...對……嚴格的3．makesense講得通；有意義Ⅲ.重點句式1．“Only＋狀語從句”位于句首引起的倒裝句Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.只有當你把太陽放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運動才能說得清楚。2．現在分詞作伴隨狀語Sobetween1510and1514heworkedonit，graduallyimproving(improve)histheoryuntilhefeltitwasplete.于是，他在1510年至1514年期間從事這項研究，逐步修改他的理論，直到他感到完善時為止。3．with復合結構Heplacedafixedsunatthecentreofthesolarsystemwiththeplanetsgoing(go)rounditandonlythemoonstillgoingroundtheearth.他把太陽固定在太陽系的中心位置上，而行星則圍繞著太陽轉，只有月球仍然繞著地球轉。Ⅰ.閱讀課文，匹配各段落大意Para.1A．Newobservationsdidn’tagreewiththeoldtheoryabouttheearth.Para.2B．Copernicus’theoryisthebasisofmodernscienceabouttheuniverse.Para.3C．Copernicuswaspuzzledashefoundtheearthwasnotthecentreofthesolarsystem.Para.4D．Copernicus’newtheorythatthesunwasthecentrecouldexplainallthephenomena.Para.5E．Copernicusimprovedhistheorybycollectingobservationsandusinghismathematicalknowledge.Para.1—CPara.2—APara.3—EPara.4—DPara.5—BⅡ.課文閱讀理解1．WhatmadeCopernicusfrightenedandconfused?A．Thefactthattheearthwasthecentreofthesolarsystem.B．Theconclusionthatthesunwasthecentreofthesolarsystem.C．Thefactthattheearthrunsaroundthesun.D．ThefactthatGodmadetheworld.答案B2．Whydidn’tCopernicuspublishhistheoryimmediately？Because.A．hedidn’tthinkitpleteB．hewasafraidofbeingattackedbytheChristianChurchC．hisfriendsforbadehimtodosoD．noonesupportedhisideas答案B3．WhendidCopernicuspublishhistheory?A．Afterhisdeath.B．Beforehetoldhisfriendsaboutit.C．Ashelaydyingin1543.D．Copernicus’theorywasneverpublished.答案C4．AllthefollowingmakeitstrangeiftheearthwasthecentreofthesolarsystemEXCEPTthat.A．someplanetsintheskyseemedtostopormovebackwardB．someplanetsintheskyappearedbrighterattimesandlessbrightatothersC．someplanetsintheskyseemedtogoforwardinaloopD．thesungoesaroundtheearth答案D5.What’stheChristianChurch’sattitudetowardsCopernicus’theory?A．TheChristianChurchobjectedtoCopernicus’theory.B．TheChristianChurchwasinfavorofCopernicus’theory.C．TheChristianChurchpaidmuchattentiontothetheory.D．TheChristianChurchthoughthighlyofCopernicus’theory.答案A重點詞匯1.contributevt.&vi.捐獻；貢獻；捐助；投稿(1)contribute...to...把……捐獻給……；向……投稿contributeto捐贈；捐獻；有益于；導致；投稿[聯想]表示“引起；導致；有助于”的詞語還有：cause，leadto，resultin，bringabout等。(2)contributionn．貢獻；捐助makeacontribution/contributionsto對……作出貢獻(1)Shewouldtrytopersuadelocalbusinessleaderstocontributetothecause.她試圖勸說那些當地的企業領導為這個事業捐款。(2017·北京)(2)Everyoneofusshouldmakeacontribution(contribute)tooursociety.我們每個人都應該為我們的社會作出貢獻。(3)Theevidencewillcontributetocatching(catch)thethief.這些證據將有助于捉住小偷。[一詞多義]寫出下列黑體詞的漢語意思(4)Manypeoplecontributedmoneytothepoorboy，whichcontributedtohisreturningtoschool.AwriterwroteastoryaboutitandcontributedittoChinaDaily.捐款；促使；投稿(5)Thesharpincreaseofmothersintheworkplacehasfurthercontributedtothereductionintheamountoftimeadolescentsspendwithadults.導致2．Apartfromtheconstructionmentionedabove，youhavealsolearnedthefollowingphrases.除了上面提到的句子結構，你也學了以下的詞組。apartfrom除……之外；此外[易混辨析]except，besides，exceptfor，apartfrom※except表示從所提到的人或事中除去一部分，表示遞減的概念。※besides表示“除了……之外，還有……”，表示遞增的概念。※exceptfor表示對整體主要部分的肯定和局部的否定。※apartfrom具有多重意義，既可以表示besides，也可以表示except或exceptfor。[選詞填空]except，besides，exceptfor，apartfrom(1)Allthestudentstookpartinthesportsmeetingexcept/apartfromTom.(2)Weneedthreemorechairsbesides/apartfromthesetwo.(3)Apartfrom/Exceptfortheending，it’sareallygoodfilm.3．Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.只有當你把太陽放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運動才能說得清楚。makesense講得通；有意義makesenseof懂得；了解……的意義makenosense講不通；沒有意義inasense在某種意義上；在某種程度上innosense決不(置于句首，句子用部分倒裝)There’sno/littlesenseindoingsth.做某事沒有意義。(1)Icouldn’tmakesenseofwhathesaid.＝Whathesaidcouldn’tmakeanysensetome.我不能理解他所說的話。(2)Inasense，Ithinkhelikesbeingresponsibleforeverything.從某種意義上說，我認為他喜歡包攬一切。(3)Planningsofaraheadmakesnosense—somanythingswillchange.那么早計劃是沒有意義的——那么多事情會發生變化。(4)There’snosenseinarguing(argue)withher—sheissostubborn!和她爭論是沒有意義的——她那么固執！[高級表達](5)Neverloseheart；ifyoukeeptrying，youwillmakeitsoonerorlater.(改為倒裝句；祈使句＋并列句)→Innosenseshouldyouloseheart；keeptryingandyouwillmakeitsoonerorlater.4．Hisfriendswereenthusiasticandencouragedhimtopublishhisideas，butCopernicuswascautious.他的朋友們都熱情地鼓勵他把他的想法公之于眾，而哥白尼卻小心謹慎。(1)cautiousadj.小心的；謹慎的becautiousabout/of對……謹慎(2)cautiouslyadv.小心地；謹慎地(3)cautionn．小心；謹慎withcaution小心翼翼地(1)Thebossisverycautiousaboutmakingpromises.這個老板對于做出承諾持謹慎態度。(2)Thegirlputtheoldvaseonthetablewithcaution.這個女孩小心地把這個古花瓶放在了桌子上。(3)Thewomanopenedthedoorcautiously(cautious)andwalkedin.這個女人小心地打開門，走了進去。經典句式1．Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.只有當你把太陽放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運動才能說得清楚。(1)onlyif只有……。only后跟狀語或狀語從句置于句首時，主句要用部分倒裝。(2)ifonly意為“要是……；但愿……”，后使用虛擬語氣。用一般過去時表示與現在相反的情況(be動詞用were)；用過去完成時表示與過去相反的情況；用would/could/mightdo表示與將來相反的情況。(1)Onlythendidherealizethevalueoflife.只有那時候他才明白生命的價值。(2)Ifonlywecouldflylikeabird!要是我們能像鳥一樣飛翔就好了！(3)IfonlyIhadehereearlierthatday.那天要是我早點來就好啦。(4)IfonlyIwereafamousfootballplayer!要是我是個著名足球運動員就好了！[高級表達](5)只有當你找到內心的安寧的時候，你才會與他人保持良好的關系。(使用“only＋狀語”位于句首的倒裝句)Onlywhenyoucanfindpeaceinyourheartwillyoukeepgoodrelationshipswithothers.2．Sobetween1510and1514heworkedonit，graduallyimprovinghistheoryuntilhefeltitwasplete.于是，他在1510年至1514年期間從事這項研究，逐步修改他的理論，直到他感到完善時為止。graduallyimprovinghistheory在句中作狀語，improve與主語he是主動關系，且分詞動作與主句謂語動詞的動作同時發生。(1)Susanpretendedtobecheerful，saying(＝andsaid)nothingabouttheargument.蘇珊假裝很興奮，對爭吵的事一字未提。(2)MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina，making(make)itmucheasierforpeopletotravel.中國已建成了許多高速公路，這使得人們出行更加容易。[高級表達](3)TonylentmethemoneyandhopedthatI’ddoasmuchforhim.(改為非謂語動詞作伴隨狀語)→Tonylentmethemoney，hopingthatI’ddoasmuchforhim.3．Heplacedafixedsunatthecentreofthesolarsystemwiththeplanetsgoingrounditandonlythemoonstillgoingroundtheearth.他把太陽固定在太陽系的中心位置上，而行星則圍繞著太陽轉，只有月球仍然繞著地球轉。with的復合結構為with＋n./pron.＋介詞短語/形容詞/副詞/不定式/現在分詞/過去分詞，在句中作狀語表示原因、時間、條件、伴隨、方式等或定語。(1)You’dbetternotgotosleepwiththewindowsopen.你最好不要開著窗子睡覺。(2)Ican’tgooutwithallthesedishestowash(wash)．我不能丟下這些要洗的餐具就出去。(3)Thethiefwasbroughtinwithhishandstied(tie)behindhisback.這個小偷被帶了進來，雙手被綁在背后。[高級表達](4)Theoldmanwaswalkingslowlyandhispetdogfollowedhim.(改為with復合結構)→Theoldmanwaswalkingslowlywithhispetdogfollowinghim.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Thebossofthepanyisverystrictwiththestaff，soeveryonetherehastobepletelystrictintheirwork.2．Sheneverlostherenthusiasm(enthusiastic)forteaching.3．Cautiously(cautious)，hemovedhimselfintoanuprightposition.4．Theengineershavemadegreatcontributions(contribute)tothedesignoftheChang’eⅢspaceship.5．IfonlyIhadtaken(take)hisadviceatthattime!6．Providedyoudidn’ttrytomakesenseofit，itsoundedbeautiful.7．Theenvironmentalmovement(move)hasbeentryingtopreserveournaturalresources.8．Withhissuggestionsrejected(reject)，hefeltupset.9．ShegrabbedNorm’sarmandspun(spin)himaroundtofaceher.10．Wedidn’tseeanyoneallday，apartfromacoupleofkidsonthebeach.Ⅱ.完成句子11．只有在大城市才能買到新輪椅。Onlyinabigcitywasitpossibletobuyanewwheelchair.12．這個老人去世了，什么也沒有給他的子女留下。Theoldmandied，leavingnothingtohischildren.13．讓孩子那樣受苦沒有道理。There’snosenseinmakingachildsufferlikethat.14．英語是我感興趣的科目之一。EnglishisoneofthesubjectsinwhichIaminterested.15．隨著冬天的臨近，是時候買暖和的衣服了。(with的復合結構)Withwinteringon/approaching，it’stimetobuywarmclothes.Ⅲ.課文語法填空NicolausCopernicuswasborninPolandin1473.In1496，hewenttoItalywherehe16.studied(study)lawandmedicineandsoonuntilhecamebacktohishomelandin1506.Helaterworkedforthechurchtillhediedin1543.Copernicuslivedinatime17.whenpeoplestillbelievedeverythingmovedaroundtheearthintheuniverse.Butthroughhisyearsof18.observations(observe)andmathematicalcalculations，Copernicusbecame19.confused(confuse)becausehefoundtheearthwasnotthecentreofthesolarsystem.Hekeptimprovinghisnewtheoryuntilhefeltitwaspletein1514.Hesuggestedthattheearth20.wasspinning(spin)whilegoingroundthesun.Hisfriendsencouragedhimtopublishhisideas，butCopernicuswas21.cautious(caution)．Hedidn’twant22.tobeattacked(attack)bytheChristianChurch.Finally，ashelaydyingin1543，hepublishedthetheory23.thatthesun，nottheearth，isthecentreofthesolarsystem.Copernicushassetagoodexampletous，stickingtothe24.scientific(science)truthandbravelybreakingaway25.fromtheoldview.

Ⅳ.微寫作寫作素材(關于醫學)1．布萊克因為接觸了致命的病毒而患了重病。2．專家通過各種嘗試為他治療。3．之后他們宣布病毒被打敗了。4．但是在完全康復之前他還需要被護理一段時間。5．人們說這種病毒該受責備。提示：黑體部分用本單元詞匯表達，并且請使用賓語從句，needdoing等。連句成篇(將以上句子連成一篇50詞左右的英語短文)Blackwasseverelyillbecauseofbeingexposedtoadeadlyvirus.Afteralltheattemptstocurehim，theexpertsannouncedthattheviruswasdefeatedbutheneededattendingbeforehewasfullyrecovered.Peoplesaidthattheviruswastoblame.Ⅰ.閱讀理解AFlorenceNightingalewasborninarichfamily.Whenshewasyoung，shetooklessonsinmusicanddrawing，andreadgreatbooks.Shealsotravelledagreatdealwithhermotherandfather.Asachild，shefeltthatvisitingsickpeoplewasbothadutyandapleasure.Sheenjoyedhelpingthem.Atlast，hermindwasmadeup.“I’mgoingtobeanurse，”shedecided.“Nursingisn’ttherightworkforalady，”herfathertoldher.“ThenIwillmakeitso，”shesmiled.AndshewenttolearnnursinginGermanyandFrance.WhenshereturnedtoEngland，Florencestartedanursinghomeforwomen.DuringtheCrimeanWarin1854，shewentwithagroupofthirty-eightnursestothefronthospital.Whattheysawtherewasterrible.Dirtanddeathwereeverywheretobeseenandsmelled.Theofficertheredidnotwantanywomantotellhimhowtorunahospital，either.Butthebravenurseswenttowork.Florenceusedherownmoneyandsomefromfriendstobuyclothes，beds，medicinesandfoodforthemen.Heronlypaywasthesmilesfromthelipsofdyingsoldiers.Buttheyweremorethanenoughforthiskindwoman.Afterwar，shereturnedtoEnglandandwashonouredforherservicebyQueenVictoria.ButFlorencesaidthatherworkhadjustbegun.SheraisedmoneytobuildtheNightingaleHomeforNursesinLondon.Shealsowroteabookonpublichealth，whichwasprintedinseveralcountries.FlorenceNightingalepassedawayattheageofninety，stilltryingtoserveothersthroughherworkasanurse.Indeed，itisbecauseofherthatwehonournursestoday.語篇解讀本文介紹了護理行業的創始人——南丁格爾，她為了護理別人而奉獻了自己的一生。1．Whenshewasachild，Florence.A．wroteabookonpublichealthB．knewwhatherdutyinlifewasC．lovedtohelpthesickpeopleD．wasmostinterestedinmusicanddrawing答案C解析細節理解題。根據第二段可知，她很喜歡照顧病人。故C項正確。2．DuringtheCrimeanWarin1854，Florenceservedinthefronthospitalwhere.A．sheearnedalotofmoneyB．workwasverydifficultC．fewsoldiersdiedbecauseofherworkD．shedidn’thaveenoughfoodandclothes答案B解析細節理解題。根據第六段第二、三、四句可知，當時的工作條件很艱苦。故B項正確。3．WhywasFlorencehonouredbyQueenVictoria?A．BecauseshebuilttheNightingaleHomeforNurses.B．Becauseofheroldage.C．Becausesheworkedasanurseallherlife.D．BecauseshedidagreatdealofworkduringtheCrimeanWar.答案D解析細節理解題。根據倒數第二段第一句可知，正是因為在戰爭中所做的事情讓她受到了女王的表彰。故D正確。4．Thepassagecanbebestdescribedas.A．thelifestoryofafamouswoman B．adescriptionofthenursingworkC．anexampleofsuccessfuleducation D．thehistoryofnursinginEngland答案A解析主旨大意題。本文介紹了護理行業的創始人——南丁格爾，她為了護理別人而奉獻了自己的一生。故A正確。B(2018·寧波余姚中學高二期中)ThefirstFerriswheelwasbuiltforthe1893World’sColumbianExpositioninChicago.ThepeoplewhoplannedthefairwerelookingforanattractionthatwouldbringpeopletoChicago.TheEiffelTowerhadbeenagreatsuccessforthefairinParisin1889，andtheywantedsomethinglikethat.GeorgeFerrishandedinadrawingofagiantwheelthatpeoplecouldrideon.Atfirsteveryonelaughedathisstrangeidea.ButMrFerrisdidn’tgiveup，andfinallytheideawasaccepted.TherideopenedinJuneof1893.Thatfirstwheelhadthirty-sixenclosedcars，eachholdingsixtypassengers.Whenfilled，itcarried2,160people.DuringthatsummerinChicagooneandahalfmillionpeoplerodetheFerriswheel，whichwasnamedafterFerris.Sixplatformswereusedtopickupanddropoffpassengers.Eachridewastwofullturnsofthewheel.Onthefirstturn，itmadesixstopsforloading.Thenthesecondturnwasanonstopnine-minuteride.Eachcarhadfivelargeglasswindowsinfrontandinback，givingeveryoneagreatviewofChicagoandLakeMichigan.Afterthefairtheridewasmovedtoanearbyamusementparkbuiltespeciallytoshowoffthewheel.In1904itwasmovedagain—thistimetoSt.LouisfortheLouisianaPurchaseExposition.AfterthefairinSt.Louisclosed，thewheelstoodunused.In1906itwasfinallysoldtoapanyforscrap(廢棄材料)metal.Ittook200poundsofdynamitetobringitdown.FortunatelyaChicagobridgebuilder，，figuredouthowtomakeasmallerFerriswheelthatcouldeasilybetakenapartandputtogether.In1906hestartedthepanythatstillmakesmanyoftheFerriswheelsusedtoday.Butwheneveryourideone，rememberthatitallbeganwithGeorgeFerris’verystrangeidea.語篇解讀本文主要講了Ferris成功設計了摩天輪，并且直到今天，摩天輪依然風靡于全球。5．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Largedesignsaremoresuccessfulthansmallones.B．RidingaFerriswheelisthebestwaytotravelaroundtheworld.C．World’sfairattractedmillionsofvisitorstoChicagofromallaroundtheworld.D．Ferris’designwassosuccessfulthatFerriswheelsarestillaroundtoday.答案D解析主旨大意題。這篇文章主要講了Ferris成功設計了摩天輪，并且直到今天，摩天輪依然風靡于全球，故選D。6．ThefirstFerriswheelwasmainlybuiltto.A．makeGeorgeFerriswell-knownworldwideB．attractvisitorstoaneventinChicagoC．matchtheEiffelTowerinParisD．bringfuntopeopleinChicago答案B解析細節理解題。由第一段中的“ThepeoplewhoplannedthefairwerelookingforanattractionthatwouldbringpeopletoChicago.”可知第一個摩天輪被設計主要是用來吸引游客去芝加哥，故選B。7．WhatdoestheauthorthinkofGeorgeFerris?A．HeshowedgreatcreativityintheFerriswheeldesign.B．HisFerriswheeldesignwasimpractical.C．Hewasaleaderintheamusementindustry.D．HedidalotbetterthanW．E.Sullivan.答案A解析推理判斷題。由第二段和最后一段可知在摩天輪的設計中，GeorgeFerris表現出了巨大的創造力，故選A。8．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A．TopersuadethereadertorideaFerriswheel.B．Todescribethesuccessofthe1893World’sFair.C．ToinformthereaderaboutthefirstFerriswheeleverbuilt.D．ToentertainthereaderwithastoryaboutWorld’sFairsintheUS.答案C解析寫作意圖題。這篇文章主要講了Ferris成功設計了摩天輪，并且直到今天，摩天輪依然風靡于全球，所以作者寫這篇文章的目的是告知讀者歷史上第一個摩天輪的情況，故選C。Ⅱ.讀后續寫(2018·嘉興第一中學高二期中)閱讀下面短文，根據所給情節進行續寫，使之構成一個完整的故事。TheeventthatstandsoutinTom’smemoryhappenedonemorningwhenTomwasonlytenyearsold.HewasathomewithhiseldersisterJane.Tomwasdoinghishomeworkwhenheheardraisedvoices.Atfirsthethoughtnothingofitsincecustomersinthemotorcycleshopdirectlybelowtheirflatoftenbecameloud，buthesoonrealizedthistimeitwasdifferent.“Quick！Quick!Removethemotorcyclesfromtheshop，”someoneyelled.Thenathickburningsmellfilledtheair.WhenTomopenedthefrontdooroftheirflattoinvestigate，athickcloudofsmokegreetedhim.Themotorcycleshophadcaughtfireandpeoplewererunningandcrying.Jane，whohadbeenplayingtheviolininherroom，hurriedtothelivingroom.Theyrushedoutofthedoorandalongthecorridor(走廊)throughthesmoke.TheywereheadingtowardsthestairwayatthefarendofthecorridorwhenJanestoppedinhertrack.Sheturnedaroundandheadedbackthewaytheycame.Tomhadnoideawhatshewasdoing，buthefollowedsuit.Janehadsuddenlyrememberedtheladyinher70swholivednextdoortothem，whotheycalledMakcik，Malayforauntie.JanebeganbangingonMakcik’sdoor，butgotnoanswer.Asthesmokethickenedaroundthem，Tomcouldseemanyoftheirneighbors—somestillintheirpyjamas—runningforsafety.Thethoughtoffearcrossedhism