專(zhuān)題07閱讀大選四

（一）

（2024年楊浦區(qū)區(qū)一模）

Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentence

canbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.

A.There511stillbetimeswhenoldthoughtscausesadness,oryou'reanxiousaboutwhafsnext.

B.Theusefulnessofnostalgiaseemstovarywithage.

C.Todaywehaveamuchmorepositiveattitudetonostalgia.

D.You511getfasteratfindingit,andaddextralayersofdetaileachtime.

E.Theanswerliesinconnectingwithyourpastandfutureselves.

F.Butthere'salsoagrowingbodyofresearchintotimetravel"theotherway”.

HowtoTravelinTime

Theterm“NOSTALGIA”（懷舊）usedtodescribeamentaldisease.The"algia“bitmeans"pain”,andtheword

wascoinedbya17th-centurydoctortreatinghomesicksoldiers,whosesymptomsincludedhallucinations（幻覺(jué)）

anddepression.（67）Andifsagreatexampleofthebenefitsofastrongmemory一

choosingtorecapturemomentsfromthepasttoenjoythemalloveragain.

Asevidence,arecentreporthighlightedtheincreaseinoldsongsbeingstreamedonSpotifyduringlockdown.

Itseemsthatwefoundstrengthinmusicalmemoriesofhappiertimes.（68）Because

memoryskillscantakeyouintothefuture,too-bringingawholenewsetofrewards.

Inanotherpandemicexperiment,peoplewroteletterstotheirfutureselves,andfoundthattheyimprovedtheir

moodbyimaginingthemselvessafelyontheothersideofCOVID-19.Herearemytipsforbecomingaconfident

timetravelleryourself:

*Toreawakenhappyfeelings,useallyoursenses-notjustsight.Smell,taste,touchandsoundwillalsohelp

youtorecreatethepastinrichclarity.Ifyoufindamemorythafsparticularlyhelpful-forreassurance,say一

keepusingit!（69）__________________________

*Whenyou'reprocrastinating（拖延）,visualiseanendresult.Flashforwardtoseethefloorsweptorthe

essayfinished,andusethatpositiveimagetospuryouintoaction.

*Aheadofmajorchallenges,imaginethefullimpactofsuccess.Don'tjustpictureyourselfgettingthatgreat

job:fillyourmindwiththereallybigwaysit'sgoingtochangeyourlife.

（70）Butthemoreyoulearntocontrolyourmemory,thebetteryou'llbeat

miningyourpast,andshapingyourfuture,tobeyourbestselfnow.

【答案】67-70CFDA

【導(dǎo)讀】文章大意：本文討論了懷舊的概念，指出以前懷舊被視為一種精神疾病，但現(xiàn)在人們對(duì)懷舊有了

更加積極的態(tài)度。文章還提到了關(guān)于懷舊的一些調(diào)查和實(shí)驗(yàn)證據(jù)，并給出了一些建議，教人如何善于利用

自己的記憶來(lái)創(chuàng)造更美好的未來(lái)。

【解析】

67.C.今天我們對(duì)懷舊有了更加積極的態(tài)度。

這一句是對(duì)文章中關(guān)于懷舊的觀點(diǎn)的總結(jié)。在過(guò)去，懷舊被視為一種精神疾病，但現(xiàn)在人們對(duì)懷舊有了更

加積極的態(tài)度。這可以從文章中提到的人們?cè)阪i定期間通過(guò)流媒體平臺(tái)播放舊歌曲來(lái)尋找力量的例子得到

證實(shí)。因此，C選項(xiàng)與文章的主題和語(yǔ)境相符。

68.F.但是也有越來(lái)越多的關(guān)于“逆向”時(shí)間旅行的研究。

這一句提到了關(guān)于“逆向”時(shí)間旅行的研究。這與文章中提到的研究人員通過(guò)寫(xiě)信給未來(lái)自己來(lái)改善情緒的實(shí)

驗(yàn)相關(guān)。這種實(shí)驗(yàn)可以被視為一種“逆向”時(shí)間旅行，即通過(guò)想象未來(lái)的情景來(lái)影響當(dāng)前的情緒。因此，F(xiàn)選

項(xiàng)與文章的內(nèi)容和上下文相符。

69.D.你會(huì)越來(lái)越快地找到它，并且每次都會(huì)增加更多的細(xì)節(jié)層次。

這一句提供了關(guān)于利用記憶的建議。文章中提到，使用所有的感官（包括視覺(jué)、嗅覺(jué)、味覺(jué)、觸覺(jué)和聽(tīng)覺(jué)）

可以幫助我們?cè)谀X海中重現(xiàn)過(guò)去的情景。如果我們找到一個(gè)特別有幫助的記憶，就應(yīng)該保持使用它。因此，

D選項(xiàng)與文章中關(guān)于利用記憶的建議相符。

70.A.仍然會(huì)有一些舊思緒帶來(lái)悲傷，或者你會(huì)對(duì)接下來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)生什么感到焦慮。

這一句提到了在利用記憶的過(guò)程中可能遇到的困難，即舊思緒引起的悲傷和對(duì)未來(lái)的焦慮。文章中也提到

了可能出現(xiàn)舊思緒帶來(lái)悲傷或焦慮的情況。因此，A選項(xiàng)與文章的內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)境相符。

（二）

（2024年黃浦區(qū)一模）

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentence

canbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.

A.DoIevenwantthem?Onwhoseclock?

B.Whyshouldyouchallengethatsecrettimelineofmilestonesinyourhead?

C.Thistime,quittingherjobledtoherfirstalbum,televisionappearancesandsold-outshows.

D.Insteadoffeelingpressuretohitlifeeventsonsomeoneelse'stimeline,maybeit'sfinetomakeourown.

E.Peoplearefeelinglikethey'refallingbehind,wheninfactthey'reprobablydoingexactlywhattheyshould.

F.Shespentyearsfeelinglikeanoutsiderandfailureasshewatchedherpeersriseinschoolandwork,

figuringshe'dnevercatchup.

DefiningSuccessonYourOwnTerms

“Yougotocollegerightoutofhighschool.Thafstherule,right?^^saysNikkiIvey,asalestrainerand

consultantoutsideJacksonville,Fla.However,ifsnotthecaseforher.Actually,shegotherundergraduatedegree

at28._67_

Onebyone,shemissedthemilestonesshe'denvisionedinsomeimaginarydreamlife:earningsixfiguresby

30,buyingahouseby35.Thenshehitone——attainingahigh-levelexecutivepositioninacompany.Shedidn'tlove

thejob.Shedidlovesittingaroundthedinnertablelaughingwithherkids."_68_''sheaskedherself.Sheended

upleavingthejob,andstartedtowonderaboutallthosemilestones.

DaniellePonderhadacareerasalawyerbeforededicatingherselftosingingfulltime.Workingasapublic

defenderinRochester,N.Y.,DaniellePonderwouldfrequentlyGoogle,t6Didanyonemakeitaftertheageof35?”

Atonepoint,shequitherdayjob,onlytoreturnayearandahalflater,duetothepandemicanddisappointing

bookings.Onthelastdayof2021,fivedaysbeforeher40thbirthday,shetriedagain._69_"Idon'tknowifI

couldsurvivethishappeningtomeat19,“shesays.Shethinksherinsecureteenselfwouldn'thavehandledthe

stressofthepubliceyewell.

Itcanbehardtomakeatransitionlaterinlife.—70—

【答案】67,F68.A69.C70.D

【導(dǎo)讀】【文章大意】本文探討了人們?nèi)绾卧谧约旱臅r(shí)間軸上定義成功，而不是按照社會(huì)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。作者介紹

了兩個(gè)人的故事，一個(gè)得到了高管職位卻不滿(mǎn)意，另一個(gè)在40歲之前轉(zhuǎn)型成為歌手。最后，作者建議讀者

不要按照別人的時(shí)間軸來(lái)生活，而是為自己制定目標(biāo)。

67.F.她花了很多年感覺(jué)自己像一個(gè)局外人和失敗者，看著她的同齡人在學(xué)校和工作中嶄露頭角，她覺(jué)得自

己永遠(yuǎn)趕不上他們的步伐。（根據(jù)前文“她花了很多年感覺(jué)自己像一個(gè)局外人和失敗者，看著她的同齡人在

學(xué)校和工作中嶄露頭角，她覺(jué)得自己永遠(yuǎn)趕不上他們的步伐?！笨芍?，這是DaniellePonder的故事，她曾經(jīng)

感覺(jué)自己落后于同齡人的步伐。因此，答案為F。）

68.A.我是否真的需要它們？按照誰(shuí)的時(shí)間表？（根據(jù)前文，“我是否真的需要它們？按照誰(shuí)的時(shí)間表？‘她

問(wèn)自己。她最終離開(kāi)了這份工作，并開(kāi)始懷疑所有那些里程碑?！笨芍琋ikkiIvey曾經(jīng)在想自己是否真正

需要這些所謂的里程碑，并開(kāi)始質(zhì)疑自己內(nèi)心的想法。因此，答案為A。）

69.C.這一次，辭職讓她發(fā)行了第一張專(zhuān)輯，出現(xiàn)在電視節(jié)目中，并有了售罄的演出。（根據(jù)后文“Thistime,

quittingherjobledtoherfirstalbum,televisionappearancesandsold-outshows.”可知,這是DaniellePonder的

故事，她在40歲之前成為了一名歌手。因此，答案為C。）

70.D.與其感受到按照別人的時(shí)間軸來(lái)生活的壓力，不如為自己制定目標(biāo)。（根據(jù)后文“Insteadoffeeling

pressuretohitlifeeventsonsomeoneelse'stimeline,maybeit'sfinetomakeourown.“可知，作者建議讀者們不

要按照社會(huì)給出的時(shí)間軸來(lái)生活，而應(yīng)該制定自己的目標(biāo)。因此，答案為D。）

（三）

（2024年長(zhǎng)寧區(qū)一模）

Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentence

canbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.

A.Itwillnotbelongbeforehe'sbackinprisonagain.

B.We'reallrelievedthatthecriminalisbeingpunishedforhismisdeeds.

C.Communityserviceislikelytoturnprisonersintobetterpersons.

D.Offendersaretriedandsentencedaccordingtothelegalsystem.

E.Thethreatofanotherspellinjailwillstophimfrombreakingthelawagain.

F.Putthemoneyintosupportingdeprivedareaswhicharethegroundsforcrime.

Hello,everyone!

Areyouworriedaboutcrime?Iam.Wereaditeverydayinthenewspapers.Aterriblecrimehasbeen

committed,andthepolicehavearrestedsomeone.Hehasappearedincourtandclaimedhisinnocencebuthasbeen

foundguiltyofhiscrimeandhehasbeensentencedtotenyearsinprison.67

Innocentcitizenslikeyouandmecansleepmoresafelyatnight.

Butwhathappensnext?Weallhopetheprisonerwillbenefitfromsociety'sretribution.Aspell（一陣子）in

prisonwillreformhimandmakehimabetterperson.Weallhopehe'llreformandbecomelikeus.Weallhopethat

whenheiseventuallyreleased,hewillbeagoodcharacter.68But,lefs

faceit.Therealityisusuallyverydifferent.Theprisonermaybereleasedonparole（假釋?zhuān)゜eforetheendofhis

sentence.Hewilltrytore-entersociety.Butthenheoftenbecomesavictimhimself,unabletofindworkandis

rejectedbysociety.69

Sowhatcanwedotomakesuretheoffenderdoesn'tcommitanothercrime?Ofcourse,thereare

alternativestoprison,suchascommunityserviceorhecanpayalargefine.Alternatively,wecouldestablisha

moreseveresystemofpunishment.

Theanswerisfarsimpler.Weneedtobetoughnotonthecriminal,butonthecauseofthecrime.Weshould

spendlessofthetaxpayer'smoneyinfundingthejudgesandalltheotherpeoplewhoareworkingforthelegal

system.70WeintheConLabPartybelievethateverybodyneedsa

goodchanceinlife,andthisisagoodstepforward.

Voteforusnow!

【答案】67-70BEAF

【導(dǎo)讀】

本文討論了刑事罪犯入獄后的情況以及預(yù)防再犯罪的方法。作者認(rèn)為，社會(huì)應(yīng)該針對(duì)犯罪原因采取措施，

而不是過(guò)分強(qiáng)調(diào)懲罰犯罪本身。作者提出了減少注資司法系統(tǒng)，將資金投入貧困地區(qū)改善生活條件的建議，

認(rèn)為這是預(yù)防犯罪的關(guān)鍵。

B.我們都感到寬慰，罪犯因?yàn)樗淖镄卸艿綉土P。

解析：根據(jù)上下文，這里是說(shuō)罪犯被判有罪并被判刑后，像我們這樣的無(wú)辜公民可以更安心地睡覺(jué)了。選

項(xiàng)B恰好表達(dá)了這個(gè)意思。

E.再次入獄的威脅將阻止他再次違法。

解析：根據(jù)上下文，這里是說(shuō)我們希望罪犯在服刑期間得到改造，并成為像我們一樣的好人。但現(xiàn)實(shí)通常

是非常不同的。罪犯可能會(huì)在刑期結(jié)束前獲得假釋?zhuān)噲D重新融入社會(huì)，但由于找不到工作和被社會(huì)拒絕，

他常常會(huì)成為受害者。因此，我們需要采取措施防止罪犯再次犯罪。選項(xiàng)E恰好表達(dá)了這個(gè)意思。

A.社區(qū)服務(wù)有可能使罪犯轉(zhuǎn)變成好人。

解析：根據(jù)上下文，這里是說(shuō)我們需要采取措施防止罪犯再次犯罪。選項(xiàng)A提到的社區(qū)服務(wù)是一種常見(jiàn)的

替代刑事監(jiān)禁的方式，通過(guò)讓罪犯為社區(qū)做義工等方式改造他們，從而預(yù)防再犯罪行。

F.把錢(qián)投入支持貧困地區(qū)，這是犯罪的根源所在。

解析：根據(jù)上下文，這里是說(shuō)我們需要采取措施防止罪犯再次犯罪。作者認(rèn)為，應(yīng)該減少注資司法系統(tǒng)，

將資金投入貧困地區(qū)改善生活條件，以消除犯罪的根源。選項(xiàng)F恰好表達(dá)了這個(gè)意思。

(四)

(2024年徐匯區(qū)一模)

TherateofchildhoodobesityintheU.S.hastripledoverthepast50years.Butwhatthistrendmeansfor

children'slong-termhealth,andwhattodoaboutit(ifanything),isnotsoclear.

TheAmericanAcademyofPediatrics(AAP)madewavesthisyearbyrecommendingthatdoctorsputobese

kidsasyoungastwoyearsoldonintensive,family-orientedlifestyleandbehaviorplans.___67___Thisadvice

marksashiftfromtheorganization'spreviousstanceof"watchandwait,“anditreflectstheAAP'sbeliefthatobesity

isadiseaseandthegroup'sadoptionofamoreproactivepositiononchildhoodobesity.

YetthelifestyleprogramstheAAPrecommendsareexpensive,inaccessibletomostchildrenandhardto

maintain-andtheguidelinesacknowledgethesebarriers.Fewweight-lossdrugshavebeenapprovedforolder

children,althoughmanyareusedoff-label.___68___Andsurgery,whilebecomingmorecommon,hasinherentrisks

andfewlong-termsafetydata-itcould,forinstance,causenutritionaldeficitsingrowingchildren.Furthermore,

ifsnotclearwhetherinterventionsinyoungstershelptoimprovehealthormerelyaddtothestigmaoverweightkids

facefromafat-phobicsociety.Thisstigmacanleadtomentalhealthproblemsandeatingdisorders.

Ratherthanfixatingonnumbersonascale,theU.S.andcountrieswithsimilartrendsshouldfocusonan

underlyingtruth:weneedtoinvestinmoreandsaferplacesforchildrentoplaywheretheycanmoveandrunaround,

climbandjump,rideandskate.

.69___In2020theCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionfound,unsurprisingly,thatkids9sports

participationincreaseswiththeirparents5incomes:about70percentofkidswhosefamiliesearnmorethan$105,000

ayearparticipateinsports,butonly51percentofmiddle-classkidsand31percentofchildrenatorbelowthepoverty

linedo.Thisdisparityhurtspeopleofcolorthemost.Morethan60percentofwhitechildren,forinstance,participate

inathletics,butonly42percentofBlackchildrenand47percentofHispanicchildrendo.Expertsblamethese

problemsontheprivatizationofsports-aspublicinvestmentinschool-basedathleticsdwindles,expensiveprivate

leagueshavegrown,leavingmanykidsout.

AccordingtotheU.S.DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices9PhysicalActivityGuidelinesforAmericans,

childrenbetweenagessixand17shouldgetatleastanhourofmoderatetointensephysicalactivityeveryday.Yet

only21to28percentofU.S.kidsmeetthistarget,twogovernment-sponsoredsurveysfound.ThenonprofitActive

HealthyKidsGlobalAllianceevaluatesphysicalactivityinAmericanchildren,andin2022thegroupgavetheU.S.a

gradeofD-.

Whyisitsohardtogetkidsmoving?Inadditiontofeweropportunitiesatschool,researchersciteincreased

screentime,changingnormsaroundlettingkidsplayoutdoorsunsupervised,andalackofsafeplacesforthemto

playoutsidethehome.

NewYorkCity,forexample,had2,067publicplaygroundsasof2019——a"meager“amountforitslarge

population,accordingtoareportfromthecitycomptroller-andinspectorsfoundhazardousequipmentatone

quarterofthem.InLosAngelesin2015,only33percentofyouthslivedwithinwalkingdistanceofapark,according

totheL.A.NeighborhoodLandTrust.Lower-incomeneighborhoodstendtohavethefewestpublicplayspaces,

despiteoftenhavingahighpopulationdensity.___70___

Kidseverywhereneedmoreplacestoplay:trails,skateparksandclimbingwalls,gardensandballfields,bike

pathsandbasketballcourts.Vigorouspublicfundingtobuildandkeepuptheseareasiscrucial,butotheroptionssuch

asshared-useagreementscanmakeunusedspacesavailabletothepublic.

A.Movingmoremaynotpreventachildfrombecomingoverweight,butstudiesshowclearlythatithelpsboth

physicalandmentalhealth.

B.Andalthoughruralareashavemoreundevelopedoutdoorspace,theyoftenlackplaygrounds,tracksandexercise

facilities

C.Alackofsafeplacesforthemtoplayoutsidethehomealsocontributestokidsobesity.

D.Italsosuggestedprescribingweight-lossdrugstochildren12andolderandsurgerytoteens13andolder.

E.Increasedscreentimeandchangingnormsaroundlettingkidsplayoutdoorsareunsupervised.

F.Theyhavesignificantsideeffectsforbothkidsandadults.

【答案】67.D68.F69.A70.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章主要講述在過(guò)去的50年里，美國(guó)兒童肥胖率增加了兩倍，美國(guó)兒科學(xué)會(huì)提

出的建議難以實(shí)現(xiàn)，研究表明多運(yùn)動(dòng)有助于身心健康，因此需要投資更多、更安全的地方，讓孩子們玩耍

運(yùn)動(dòng)，文章還分析了孩子運(yùn)動(dòng)量減少的原因。

[67題詳解】

根據(jù)下文“Thisadvicemarksashiftfromtheorganization'spreviousstanceof'watchandwait,'anditreflectsthe

AAP'sbeliefthatobesityisadiseaseandthegroup'sadoptionofamoreproactivepositiononchildhoodobesity.（這

一建議標(biāo)志著該組織之前'觀望和等待'的立場(chǎng)發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)變，它反映了美國(guó)兒科學(xué)會(huì)認(rèn)為肥胖是一種疾病，

并在兒童肥胖問(wèn)題上采取了更積極的立場(chǎng)）”可知，空處是關(guān)于對(duì)肥胖的治療建議，D項(xiàng)“它還建議給12歲

及以上的兒童開(kāi)減肥藥，給13歲及以上的青少年開(kāi)手術(shù)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選D。

[68題詳解】

上文“Fewweight-lossdrugshavebeenapprovedforolderchildren,althoughmanyareusedoff-label.（彳艮少有減月巴

藥被批準(zhǔn)用于年齡較大的兒童，盡管許多減肥藥是在標(biāo)簽外使用的）”提到，很少有減肥藥被批準(zhǔn)用于年齡

較大的兒童，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“它們對(duì)兒童和成人都有明顯的副作用”說(shuō)明不批準(zhǔn)減肥藥用于兒童的原因，故選F。

[69題詳解】

根據(jù)下文“In2020theCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionfound,unsurprisingly,thatkids'sports

participationincreaseswiththeirparents'incomes:about70percentofkidswhosefamiliesearnmorethan$105,000

ayearparticipateinsports,butonly51percentofmiddle-classkidsand31percentofchildrenatorbelowthepoverty

linedo.（2020年，美國(guó)疾病控制與預(yù)防中心發(fā)現(xiàn)，孩子們的體育參與程度隨著父母收入的增加而增加，這并

不令人意外：年收入超過(guò)10.5萬(wàn)美元的家庭中，約有70%的孩子參加體育運(yùn)動(dòng)，但只有51%的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)孩

子和31%的處于貧困線或貧困線以下的孩子參加體育運(yùn)動(dòng)）”可知，本段是描述運(yùn)動(dòng)和肥胖之間的關(guān)系，A

項(xiàng)“多運(yùn)動(dòng)也許不能防止孩子變胖，但研究清楚地表明，多運(yùn)動(dòng)有助于身心健康”符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。

【70題詳解】

根據(jù)上一段末“andalackofsafeplacesforthemtoplayoutsidethehome（他們?cè)诩乙酝獾姆秶狈Π踩耐嫠?/p>

場(chǎng)所）”以及本段中"InLosAngelesin2015,only33percentofyouthslivedwithinwalkingdistanceofapark,

accordingtotheL.A.NeighborhoodLandTrust.Lower-incomeneighborhoodstendtohavethefewestpublicplay

spaces,despiteoftenhavingahighpopulationdensity.（根據(jù)洛杉磯社區(qū)土地信托的數(shù)據(jù)，2015年，洛杉磯只有

33%的年輕人住在步行可達(dá)的公園內(nèi)。低收入社區(qū)往往擁有最少的公共游戲空間，盡管那里的人口密度通常

很高）”可知，本段是對(duì)上一段提到的“孩子們?cè)诩乙酝獾姆秶狈Π踩耐嫠?chǎng)所”舉例說(shuō)明，B項(xiàng)“盡

管農(nóng)村地區(qū)有更多未開(kāi)發(fā)的戶(hù)外空間，但他們往往缺乏操場(chǎng)、跑道和鍛煉設(shè)施”符合語(yǔ)境，故選B。

（五）

（2024年閔行區(qū)一模）

TheMeaningandPowerofSmell

Asurveyrevealedthatsmellcancausestrongemotionalresponses.Asmellconnectedwithagoodexperience

canpleaseus,whileanodour（氣味）bondedwithabadmemorymaydisgust（使惡us.47Such

associationscanbesopowerfulthatodoursgenerallylabelledunpleasantbecomeagreeable,andthosegenerally

consideredsweetbecomedisagreeableforparticularindividuals.

48Onerespondentbelievesthereisnotrueemotionalbondingwithoutsmellingalovedone.Infants

recognizetheirmothers'odourssoonafterbirth.Individualswereabletodistinguishbythesmellaloneclothingworn

bytheirpartnersfromsimilarclothingwornbyotherpeople.

Despiteitsimportancetoouremotionalandsensorylives,smellisprobablythemostundervaluedsenseinmany

cultures.Whileourolfactory（嗅覺(jué)的）powersarenothinglikeasfineasthosepossessedbycertainanimals,theyare

remarkablysensitive.49

Odours,unlikecolours,can'tbenamedinmanylanguagesbecausethespecificvocabularysimplydoesn'texist.

“Itsmellslikewehavetosaywhendescribinganodour,strugglingtoexpressourolfactoryexperience.Norcan

odoursberecorded:thereisnoeffectivewaytocaptureorstorethemovertime.50Smellsconsidered

offensiveinsomeculturesmaybeacceptableinothers.Therefore,oursenseofsmellisameansofinteractingwith

theworld.Thestudyoftheculturalhistoryofsmellisindeedaninvestigationintotheessenceofhumanculture.

A.Odoursarealsoessentialsignalsinsocialbonding.

B.Besides,odoursaregranteddifferentculturalvalues.

C.Human'sperceptionofsmellfacilitatesthespreadofhumanculture.

D.Ournosescanperceiveodourspresentinextremelysmallquantities.

E.Manyrespondentsnotedmanyoftheirolfactorylikesanddislikeswerebasedonemotionallinks.

F.Somerespondents9preferenceforaparticularodourwasinfluencedbyemotionalassociations.

【答案】47.E48.A49.D50.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，氣味可以引起強(qiáng)烈的情緒反應(yīng)。與美好經(jīng)歷聯(lián)

系在一起的氣味會(huì)讓我們感到愉悅，而與糟糕記憶聯(lián)系在一起的氣味可能會(huì)讓我們感到厭惡。解釋了嗅覺(jué)

的意義和力量。

【47題詳解】

根據(jù)后文“Suchassociationscanbesopowerfulthatodoursgenerallylabelledunpleasantbecomeagreeable,and

thosegenerallyconsideredsweetbecomedisagreeableforparticularindividuals4這種聯(lián)系是如止匕強(qiáng)大，以至于通

常被認(rèn)為不愉快的氣味變得令人愉快，而那些通常被認(rèn)為是甜的氣味對(duì)特定的人來(lái)說(shuō)變得不愉快）”可知，

后文提到了某種聯(lián)系的強(qiáng)大影響，可知本句是在說(shuō)明這種聯(lián)系是指什么：對(duì)嗅覺(jué)的好惡有很多是基于情感

聯(lián)系。故E選項(xiàng)“許多受訪者指出，他們對(duì)嗅覺(jué)的好惡有很多是基于情感聯(lián)系”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E。

[48題詳解】

根據(jù)后文“Onerespondentbelievesthereisnotrueemotionalbondingwithoutsmellingalovedone.Infants

recognizetheirmothers5odourssoonafterbirth.Individualswereabletodistinguishbythesmellaloneclothingworn

bytheirpartnersfromsimilarclothingwornbyotherpeople.（一位受訪者認(rèn)為，如果沒(méi)有聞到愛(ài)人的氣味，就沒(méi)

有真正的情感聯(lián)系。嬰兒在出生后不久就能認(rèn)出母親的氣味。個(gè)體僅憑氣味就能分辨出伴侶穿的衣服和其

他人穿的相似的衣服）”可知，本段的主旨是氣味可以幫助人分辨社會(huì)關(guān)系。故A選項(xiàng)“氣味也是社會(huì)關(guān)系

的重要信號(hào)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選A。

[49題詳解】

根據(jù)上文uDespiteitsimportancetoouremotionalandsensorylives,smellisprobablythemostundervaluedsense

inmanycultures.Whileourolfactoiy（嗅覺(jué)的）powersarenothinglikeasfineasthosepossessedbycertainanimals,

theyareremarkablysensitive.（盡管嗅覺(jué)對(duì)我們的情感和感官生活很重要，但在許多文化中，它可能是最被低

估的感覺(jué)。雖然我們的嗅覺(jué)能力遠(yuǎn)不如某些動(dòng)物的靈敏，但它們卻非常敏感）”可知，本句承接上文具體說(shuō)

明鼻子敏感的表現(xiàn)：可以感知極少量的氣味。故D選項(xiàng)“我們的鼻子可以感知極少量的氣味”符合語(yǔ)境，

故選D。

【50題詳解】

根據(jù)后文aSmellsconsideredoffensiveinsomeculturesmaybeacceptableinothers.Therefore,oursenseofsmell

isameansofinteractingwiththeworld.Thestudyoftheculturalhistoryofsmellisindeedaninvestigationintothe

essenceofhumanculture.（在某些文化中被認(rèn)為令人不快的氣味在另一些文化中可能是可以接受的。因此，我

們的嗅覺(jué)是與世界互動(dòng)的一種手段。對(duì)氣味的文化史的研究實(shí)際上是對(duì)人類(lèi)文化本質(zhì)的研究）”可知，后文

主要補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明了氣味在某些文化中的價(jià)值體現(xiàn)。故B選項(xiàng)“此外，氣味被賦予了不同的文化價(jià)值”符合語(yǔ)

境，故選B。

（六）

（2024年虹口區(qū)一模）

WhyDoYouFindItSoHardtoNotMultitask?

Mostofusdomultitaskingalmostdaily.Butifstimetochangethat.Yourattentionisalreadybeingpulledin

millionsofdirectionsdaily,soyoureallydon'tneedtoaddmultitaskingtothelist.Lefstakethesmartphonefor

example.Onaverageyoucheckyourphone110timesaday-thatmeansyou'respending23dayseveryyearglued

toyoursmartphone!Howproductivedoyouthinkthatmakesyou?___47___.

Butit'shardtoletgoofthesehabitsbecauseyou'veconditionedyourbraintosendmisleadingsignalstoyour

body.Researchhasshownthatwhenyoumultitask“successfully”,youactivatetherewardmechanisminyourbrain

thatreleasesdopamine,thehappyhormone.___48___.Thisrushcanalsomakeyouoverlyoptimistic,whichmeans

youarelesscarefulabouttheworkyoudoandmorelikelytomakemistakes.Multitaskersbasicallygetaddictedto

thisrushwhichleadsthemtobelievetheyarebeingeffectivewheninfactthey'renot.

Youcanfindhealthier,morebalanceddopaminereleasesthroughtickingthingsonyourto-dolistthrough

mono-,orsingle-taskingtoo.Sinceourbrainscanonlyeffectivelyfocusononethingatatime,thisisthewayforyou

toaccomplishmoreinlesstime.Researchhassuggestedyou're50%quickeronaveragetoaccomplishataskifyou

monotask,andyou'realso50%lessliketomakeerrors.___49___.You'llalsobeabletoappreciatethingsona

deeperlevelandgetmoreenjoymentfromthemwhenyou'refocused.Ifyou'rechattingtoafriendovercoffeewhile

checkingyourphone,you'renotmakingthemostoutofyourtimewithyourfriend!

Nowyou5reprobablydesperatetofindouthowtogetridofthismultiaskinghabitsoyoucanfindreal

productivity.Thereisnoeasyanswer.Yousimplyhavetocommittoitandhavetheself-disciplinetosticktoonetask

atatime