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專題03選詞填空考點揭秘(上)
01專題網絡?思維腦圖
02考情分析?解密高考
03高頻考點?以考定法
04核心素養?微專題
05創新好題?分層練
專題網絡?思維腦圖
考查核心實詞(名、動、形、副)
構詞法知識(澹生/轉化/合成)
盤詞生義/一詞多義/一詞多性
從語走角破聯性
根據固定搭函發現整省信息
選詞填空II解題技巧從句式的邏輯結構分析
從正文語境分析磔
不理解長難句
不認識派生詞
典例舉隅氫詞生義未莖提
詞匯里不足
音情分析?解密高考
一、題型解讀:
上海英語高考卷的詞匯部分以語篇的形式呈現,考核學生在語境中正確理解和運用詞匯的能力,即考查考
生對篇章上下文的理解能力和使用詞匯和語法結構的能力。其題目的設置為10道空白處,要求考生從所提
供的有11個單詞構成的詞庫里選出最合適的詞分別填入各空白處,使短文意思和結構完整,通順得體。每
個單詞只能選一次。這11個詞均為實義詞而非功能詞,即考查的范圍并不包含介詞、冠詞等虛詞,而只對
名詞、動詞、形容詞和副詞進行考查。在這11個詞中有1個單詞為干擾項。選詞填空綜合了詞匯、句子結
構以及閱讀理解部分的測試內容。它不僅測試應試者在詞匯和句子水平上運用語言的能力,還測試應試者
在語篇上綜合運用語言結構的能力。
二、詞匯特征
?只考實詞:動詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞為主
?聚焦核心詞匯:考綱中的中高級高頻詞匯考察較多
?熟詞生義/一詞多義/一詞多性
?構詞法(派生/轉化/合成/綴合)
高頻考點?以考定法I
選詞填空的考點:
1.詞匯方面,以實詞為主,考查名詞、動詞、形容詞和副詞四種詞性;
2.語法方面,考查詞性之間的關系和句子結構分析能力;
3.邏輯方面,考查上下文聯系以及對文章的理解。
解題步驟詳解:
第一步:整理選項(classifytheoptions)
根據詞性把每個單詞分類歸納,標出詞性。考察的四類詞性中,名詞多做主賓;動詞做謂語,形容詞做定
表,副詞做狀語。副詞個數最少,不會超過兩個,其他詞性平均出現三次,有兩個的,也有四個的。
標注詞性時要注意:
1.不認識的單詞不要慌張,分析前后綴,或舉例替換(oversee聯想。veruse);值得一提的是,模考或真題
中出現過考綱之外的“生詞”,這些詞很眼熟,因為它是利用了構詞法(多為前后綴派生法)知識衍生出
來的,構詞法我們學過,多分析詞性不難判斷其含義。
2.注意多重詞性的詞,比如feature、concern>experience等。
3.動詞的歸類要繼續細分為動詞(包括過去式和三單一形式)、分詞和動名詞,因為一個空處,如果可以填
動詞,但是填具體哪種形式則需要我們根據語法去進一步判斷;這里尤為值得注意的是:v-ed和v-ing極有
可能是分詞轉換成的形容詞,對于這類臥底詞,千萬留意。比如acquire這個詞在academicskillsheacquired
和newlyacquiredskills中,前后截然不同。這時就要把它一律看成動詞(包括上述的三小類),再根據是
否缺失形容詞去斷定選項。
4.如果選項中出現一組近義詞或反義詞,要結合上下文先試填,細細揣摩文意再敲定答案。因為這里面有一
個是干擾項,它注重考查的是詞匯的精確理解,要求考生分析清楚其細微的區別。
第二步:通讀全文,選詞填空
用較快速度,沉著冷靜地逐詞逐句去讀,一遍下來至少理解90%的內容。選詞填空的選項詞義互不關聯,
詞性也不同,而且還有干擾項,所以一定要先了解文章大意,帶著文章脈絡去找選項。讀的時候設空處前
后的詞重點留意,這對確定動詞的具體形式,或根據相關詞找固定搭配極為重要。
提醒:通讀就是根據首段原則以及首末句原則,迅速抓住文章的主題。判斷主題對篇章的整體理解把握具
有極大的作用。
我們在選擇時,根據掌握的語法來初步判定每個空所填詞匯的詞性,縮小范圍,然后根據上下文的文意確
定答案。如何判定原文空缺處所需單詞的詞性?
第三步:復讀全文,謹慎調整,確定答案
填空完成后,再次復讀,自我感覺上下文是否通順,邏輯關系是否連貫。
"局考解密<<考點一:動詞的確定
一個簡單句有且只有一處謂語動詞,一個完整的句子出現之后再跟逗號,后面的動詞一般就是非謂語動詞
形式了。判斷動詞時,可以從謂語和非謂語進行區分;如果是謂語,結合主謂一、時態、語態、固定搭配
及詞義去辨析,縮小范圍。
a.前后都是名詞性或名詞短語,中間一般是動詞,時態確定看前后文;
b.空格前是名詞或代詞,后面沒有賓語,填不及物動詞(定從中除外);
c.空格前是名詞或代詞,后面是副詞或介詞,空格處填不及物動詞并與后面的介詞構成固定搭配;
d.注意不定時符號to后跟動詞原形,介詞to后跟名詞或動名詞;
e.情態動詞后面跟動詞原形;
f.空格前面是系動詞,后跟形容詞(可以是形容詞化的分詞)。
(2023?上海徐匯二模)
A.academicB.previouslyC.submitD.assessedE.classifier
F.controversyG.subscribedH.detectI.typicallyJ.accessK.labelled
OpenAIreleases“notfullyreliable59tooltodetectAIgeneratedcontent
ChatGPThasbeencreatingwavesacrosstheinternetwithitswritingabilityandresponsestorequests.Theuse
ofChatGPThasbeenfullof31.Therehavebeenconcernsthatstudentscanusethistoolto____32____
Ai-generatedworkandclaimitastheirown.
OpenAI,theresearchlaboratorybehindChatGPT,hasreleasedatooldesignedto____33____whethertexthas
beenwrittenbyartificialintelligence,butwarnsifsnotcompletelyreliable-yet.InablogpostonTuesday,OpenAI
linkedtoanew34toolthathasbeentrainedtodistinguishbetweentextwrittenbyahumanandthatwritten
byavarietyofAI,notjustChatGPT.
(2023?上海奉賢二模)
A.lonelyB.conveyC.touchesD.inconvenienceE.widelyF.accompanying
G.compositionH.capturesI.abandonJ.sensoryK.wearing
Earlyonhefoundthatpaintlaidonwithpaintingknivesgavehimtheparticularbodyandtexture(質地)hewantedto
____12____hissubjects.Theknifeiscapableofanenormousvarietyofmarks,fromdelicate13tofierce
sweepingandslicesofpaint.Theknifedsharpedgedmarkscreatetheirowndynamicoflightandshade.Alan
possessesmanypaintingknivesofdifferentsizes,buttendstofavourthreeorfour,whicharenow____14____thin
withconstantuse.Heisstilldiscoveringnewpossibilitieswiththeknife,drivenbythedemandsofanewsubject.
AlthoughAlan'spaintingsaremadeinthestudio,theyareallcomposedfromdrawingsmadeoutdoors.These
drawingsaretheseedcomonwhichallhispaintingsarebased.Themarksthatgodownonpapermakesurehe
____15____notjusttheactualscenebutalsothechanginglight,thedirectionofthewindandthe16sounds
andsmells.
考點二:名詞的確定
名詞主要做主語賓語,有時也做定語;
a.形容詞后或名詞后可以出現名詞;
b.限定詞之后(尤其是三類前位限定詞:冠詞、指示代詞、形物代,其后必有名詞);
c.謂語之前必有名詞或相當于名詞的主語(祈使句除外);
d.介詞之后必有名詞或相當于名詞的詞;
(2023?上海黃埔二模)
A.automaticallyB.coexistC.conceptD.discontinuedE.discouraged
F.necessarilyG.optimismH.pricedI.profit-generatingJ.promotionalK.trash
TooGoodToGo
Aroundthecountry,appsthatconnectcustomerstobusinesseswithleftoverfoodhavebeguntospread.The
___11issimple:Restaurantsandgrocerystoresthrowawayhugeamountsoffoodeveryday.Ratherthan
___12it,appslikeTooGoodToGoandFlashfoodhelpbusinessessellitatareducedprice.Theyclaimthatthe
businessesandbuyersarehelpingtheenvironmentbecausethefoodwouldotherwisebecomefoodwaste,abig
contributortoclimatechange.
Severalfoodwasteexpertsexpressed___14___thatthesetypesofappscouldhelplimittheamountofwasted
food.Andeventhoughcharitableorganizationsoftenredirectunwantedfoodfromrestaurantsandgrocerystoresto
foodbanksandcommunitykitchens,there?sspaceforallofthesekindsofsolutionsto___15___.
(2023?上海普陀二模)
A,confirmedB.measurableC.previouslyD.determineE.trackingF.habitable
G.virtuallyH.sensitiveI.protectJ.surprisedK.system
ANewExoplanetintheSystem
In2014,datafromNASA'sKeplerSpaceTelescopeallowedastronomerstoannouncethedetectionofthree
planetsorbitingKepler-138.Thiswasbasedona11dipinstarlightastheplanetmomentarilypassedin
frontoftheirstar,atransit.
BennekeandhiscolleagueDianaDragomir,fromtheUniversityofNewMexico,cameupwiththeideaof
re-observingtheplanetary12withtheHubbleandSpitzerspacetelescopesbetween2014and2016to
catchmoretransitsofKepler-138d,thethirdplanetinthesystem,inordertostudyitsatmosphere.
考點三:形容詞的確定
形容詞,這里也可以包括形容詞化的分詞,通常作定語或表語,位置比較靈活,具體如下:
a.名詞的前面或后面;
b.副詞的前后;
c.系動詞后面。
(2023?上海虹口二模)A.accessibleB.criterionC.concentrateD.reducedE.evolvedF.explore
G.hostH.interactI.restorativeJ.stimulationK.verbalize
Supportingthistheory,onestudyfoundthatchildrenwithattention-deficithyperactivitydisorder(ADHD)were
betterableto13followinga20-minutewalkinthepark,comparedtoa20-minutewalkonthestreetsofa
well-kepturbanarea.Beingexposedtograssandtreesseemedtohavehadabeneficialeffectontheirminds.The
authorsrecommendedusingsuch“doses(齊量)ofnature^^asasafeand14wayofsupportingchildrenwith
ADHD,alongsideothertools.
Besidesthese15effects,outdoorplaycanoffervaluablelearningexperiences.Forexample,playing
withmudorsandcanhelpchildrendevelopthewaytheirsensesandmovement16,whichallowsthechild
tograduallyunderstandhisorherbodilysignals.
Whenitcomestothechild'sphysicalhealth,themostobviousadvantageofoutdoorplaymaybetheexercise.A
childmayfinditeasiertobuildupstrengthandenduranceinalargeopenspaceresultingina(n)____19____riskof
overweight,accordingtoonestudyledbyElizabethGershoff,professorofhumandevelopmentandfamilysciences
attheUniversityofTexasatAustin,US.
考點四:副詞的確定
a.動詞的附近;
b.形容詞附近;
c.句子結構完整,不缺成分時。
這里強調一下,滿分的考生都是善于運用邏輯和語言知識儲備去解題,邏輯技能的訓練和語言知識儲備的強
大缺一不可。
(2023?上海青浦二模)
A.motivateB.accidentallyC.highlightingD.plantationsE.engaging
F.apparentG.purposeH.sensitiveI.increasinglyJ.decentK.treat
LarsChittka,abehavioralecologistatQueenMaryUniversityofLondon,andhiscolleagues____13____came
acrossthenewevidence.Theteamwasstudyinghowbumblebeeslearncomplexbehaviorsfromtheircomradesby
trainingtheinsectstomovewoodenballstospecificlocations.
(2023?上海普陀二模)
A,confirmedB.measurableC.previouslyD.determineE.trackingF.habitable
G.virtuallyH.sensitiveI.protectJ.surprisedK.system
Theresearchershadanothersurprise:theyfoundthatthetwowaterworldsKepler-138canddaretwinplanets,
with____18____thesamesizeandmass,whiletheywerepreviouslythoughttobegreatlydifferent.Thecloser-in
planet,Kepler-138b,ontheotherhand,is19tobeasmallMars-massplanet,oneofthesmallestexoplanets
knowntodate.
考點五:非謂語動詞的確定
非謂語動詞的確定:動名詞作主語、動詞賓語和介詞賓語、表語、定語。分詞作表語、賓補、定語、狀語。
有不定式標志to,空格處應填入動詞原形;另一種情況to是介詞,后面應填入動名詞。例:
(2023?上海松江二模)A.dismissedB.faintlyC.foreignD.grantedE.journeyedF.mysterious
G.overlookH.promiseIreflectionJ.typicallyK.version
Long___33___asacommonfieldflower,unworthyofseriousattentionbytheartist,poetorgardener,the
daffodilenjoyedarevivalthanksinparttoWordsworth'spoem.Today,ifseasyto____34____thedaffodilforwe
canfinditalmosteverywhere,ingardensorinart.
核心素養?微專題
A.environmentB.necessarilyC.allowedD.cheatedE.internationalF.admitted
G.hardlyH.necessaryI-joyJ.communicationK.difficulty
Afriendofmineonceaskedme:"WhyshouldaChinesetaketimetolearnalanguagethatisnothisown?”
Obviouslyhehas___1inlearningaforeignlanguage.HeisnottheonlyonewhoismentallyagainstEnglish
learning.Onereason,asIsuspect,isthewayEnglishistaught.Theemphasisonmemorizationissuchthatno
___2isleftintheprocessoflearning,onlyendlessannoyance.Whatstudentsarepresentedintheclassroomis
notthelanguageinreal-world___3.AChinesestudentwithextremelyhighscoresforAmericanstandardized
testswas___4intooneofthemostfamousuniversities.Buthisprofessorssoonfoundoutthathe
could___5understandthelesson.Suspectingthathe___6inthetests,theschooldemandedherepeatthem.
Again,hepassedwithhighscores.Nottillthendidtheyrealizethatthestudenthadmasteredthetechniquesfor
dealingwiththetests,not___7theskillsofusingthelanguage.
ManypeopletakeTOFEL,IELTS,GRE,annualBand4andBand6examsnotbecausetheyworkinareas
whereEnglishisa(n)8tool,butbecausetheyhavetodoitforjobpromotionorenrolmentincertain
programs.
MustEnglishlearningbesuchapainintheneck?
Createa(n)___9wherelearningEnglishisnaturalandpainless.Don'tmakeitcompulsoryforpeople
whoseworkormajordoesnotrequireit.Chinawillnotbecomemore___10___byaddingmillionsofpeoplewho
canonlysayasimple"Hello”.
[Keys]:KIJFGDBHAE
【解析】:
第一步:詞性分類
A.environmentn.B.necessarilyadv.C.allowedv./adjD.cheatedv./adj.
E.internationaladj.F.admittedv./adj.G.hardlyadv.H.necessaryadj.
!■joyn_J.communicationn.K.difficultyn.
在進行這一步時要注意兩個問題:
1.在英文中有的單詞不只有一個詞性,比如大家常見的visit、access、approach、challenge、change等就即
有名詞詞性又有動詞詞性。
2.以-ing或-ed結尾的詞既可能是動詞,也可能是由現在分詞或過去分詞轉變而成的形容詞。例如:sleeping
在"Sheissleeping.”中就是動詞,而在"sleepingbeauty”中就是形容詞,答題時以動詞為首選進行判斷。
第二步:抓住中心,略讀文章
首先要抓住文章首句,迅速找到文章的主題詞或主題。和完型填空一樣,一般文章第一句不設空格,以便
讓考生知道本文的相關主題詞或主題。建議使用略讀的方法,以快速掌握文章大意。
第三步:確定空格詞性,填詞入空
首先,根據語法知識確認可以被填入此空的詞性,然后按第一步中標注出的詞性進行篩選,最后將備選詞
逐個代入空中細讀句意,考慮上下問邏輯關系做出選擇。
以示例中第一個空為例,空前面的詞是has,這時出現兩種情況:
1.has是及物動詞后面可以加賓語,需要填入一個名詞。
2.has是現在完成時的助動詞,后面需要使用過去分詞。
也就是說名詞性的environment,joy,excitement,difficulty和過去分詞形式的allowed,admitted,cheated都有可
能。但是空后面的是一個介詞in而allowed,admitted都是及物動詞后面加賓語時不需要介詞,所以空中只
能從environment,joy,excitement,difficulty四個名詞和cheated中選取。根據上下文,此空應為"困難”,而且
符合句型havedifficultyindoing,故選difficulty。然后請在difficulty的K處用筆作個記號,表示已用過了。
確認空格處詞性的規律:
L確定空格為名詞
(1)如果空格前面為冠詞a/an/the、形容詞adj.或者及物動詞vt.,空格處應填入名詞。示例第三空
communication(交流)
(2)如果空格前面是介詞,空格充當該介詞的賓語,需填入一個名詞。示例第二空ioy
(3)如果空格后面是謂語動詞的,且空格前沒有句子主語,空格處應填入該動詞的主語(名詞)。示例第九空
environment
2.確定空格為動詞
(1)如果空格前面已經有名詞或代詞做主語,后面又有名詞或代詞作為動詞的賓語,且中間無謂語動詞,空
格處應為及物動詞。
(2)如果空格處前面是be動詞,后面又無賓語且句意為被動,空格中應填及物動詞的過去
分詞。示例第四空admitted
(3)如果空格前面是名詞或代詞做主語,后面沒有賓語或有一個介詞加賓語,且中間無謂語
動詞,空格處應填不及物動詞。示例第六空cheated
(4)如果空格處前面是名詞或代詞做主語,后面是形容詞,空格應填入系動詞或be動詞。
(5)如果空格處前有不定式標志to,空格處應填入動詞原形;另一種情況to是介詞,后面應填入動名詞。
3.確定空格為形容詞
(1)如果空格后面為名詞的,空格處可能填入形容詞。示例第八空necessary
(2)如果空格處前面是副詞的,空格處可能填入形容詞。
(3)如果空格處前面是系動詞或be動詞的,空格處可能填入形容詞作表語。示例第十空international
4.確定空格為副詞
(1)如果空格處前面或者后面為動詞的,空格處可能填入副詞。示例第五空hardly
(2)如果空格處后面是形容詞的,空格處可能填入副詞。
第四步:跳讀檢查
只讀有空格的句子,檢查句意是否通順。之后,再通讀全文,進行再次檢查。
______
05
1.【上海市復旦大學附屬中學2022-2023學年高三下學期3月月考英語試題】
Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethat
thereisonewordmorethanyouneed.
A.stemB.dotC.attributableD.exceededE.overlookF.exposed
G.drainageH.emergingI.sinkingJ.accessK.established
TheMega-CityEnvironment
Mega-citiessufferfromacatalogofenvironmentalills.AWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)/UnitedNations
EnvironmentProgram(UNEP)studyfoundthatsevenofthecities-MexicoCity,Beijing,Cairo,Jakarta,LosAngeles,
SaoPauloandMoscow-hadthreeormorepollutantsthat11theWHOhealthprotectionguidelines.All20
ofthecitiesstudiedbyWHO/UNEPhadatleastonemajorpollutantthatwentbeyond12healthlimits.
AccordingtotheWorldResourcesInstitute,"'Millionsofchildrenlivingintheworld'slargestcities,particularly
indevelopingcountries,are13tolife-threateningairpollutiontwotoeighttimesabovethemaximumbased
onWHOguidelines.Indeed,morethan80percentofalldeathsindevelopingcountries14toair
pollution-inducedlunginfectionsareamongchildrenunderfive.^^InthebigAsianmega-citiessuchasNewDelhi,
BeijingandJakarta,approximately20to30percentofallrespiratorydiseases15fromairpollution.
Almostallofthemega-citiesfacemajorfreshwaterchallenges.Johannesburg,SouthAfrica,isforcedtodraw
waterfromhighlands370milesaway.InBangkok,saltwaterisinvadingaquifers(地下蓄水層).MexicoCityhasa
serious16problembecauseofexcessivegroundwaterwithdrawal.
Morethanabillionpeople,20percentoftheworld'spopulation,livewithoutregular17toclean
runningwater.Whilepoorpeopleareforcedtopayhighfeesforprivatewater,manycitiessquandertheirresources
throughleakagesandillegal18.“Withthepopulationofcitiesexpectedtoincreasetofivebillionby2025,“
saysKlausToepfer,executivedirectoroftheUNEP,"theurbandemandforwaterissettoincreaserapidly.This
meansthatanysolutiontothewatercrisisiscloselylinkedtothegovernanceofcities."
Mega-cityresidents,crowdedintounsanitaryslums,arealsosubjecttoseriousdiseaseoutbreaks.Lima,
Peru(withpopulationestimatedat9.4millionby2015)sufferedacholeraoutbreakinthelate1990spartlybecause,as
theNewYorkTimesreported,“ruralpeoplenewtoLima...liveinhouseswithoutrunningwaterandusethe
outhouses(屋夕卜廁所)that19thehillsidesabove."
It'sworthlookingatsomeofthese20_____mega-citiesindetail,becausedailylifethereislikelytobethe
patternforamajorityoftheworld'spopulation.Mostarealreadyexperiencingsevereenvironmentalproblemsthat
willonlybeworsenedbyrapidpopulationincreases.
2.1上海市2022-2023學年高三下學期“六校聯合教研”質量調研英語試卷】
Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethat
thereisonewordmorethanyouneed.
A.digestB.survivedC.barelyD.available
E.literateF.unlimitedG.thinkingH.connectivity
I.arguablyJ.remadeK.concentration
There9sbeenawarningabouttheimmediatedeathofliteratecivilizationforalongtime.Inthe20thcentury,first
itwasthemovies,thenradio,thentelevisionthatseemedtobringdisasterforthewrittenworld.Nonedid.Reading
11;infact,ithasthrived.Theworldismore12thaneverbefore一therearemoreandmore
readers,andmoreandmorebooks.
Thefactthatweoftengetourreadingmaterialonlinetodayisnotsomethingweshouldworryabout.The
electronicanddigitalrevolutionofthelasttwodecadeshas13shownthewayforwardforreadingandfor
writing.Takethearrivalofe-bookreadersasanexample.DeviceslikeAmazon'sKindlemakereadingmore
convenientandarealotmoreenvironmentallyfriendlythanthetraditionalpaperbook.
Astechnologymakesnewwaysofwritingpossible,newwaysofreadingarenow14.
Inter-connectivityallowforareadingexperiencethatwas15imaginablebefore.Wheretraditionalbooks
hadtomakedowithphotographsandillustrations,ane-bookcanprovidereaderswitha(n)16numberof
links:totexts,picturesandvideos.Inthefuture,thewaypeoplewritenovels,historyandphilosophywillresemble
nothingseeninthepast.
Ontheotherhand,thereisthedangerofunderestimating.OneTwittergroupisofferingitsfollowers
single-sentence-long"17ofthegreatnovels.WarandPeaceinasentence?Youmustbejoking.Weshould
fearthefragmentation(碎片化)ofreading.Thereisthedangerthatthehigh-speed18oftheinternetwill
reduceourattentionspan——thatwewillbeincapableofreadinganythingoflengthorwhichrequiresdeep
19.
Insuchafast-changingworld,inwhichrealityseemstobe20eachday,weneedtheabilitytofocus
andunderstandwhatishappeningtous.Thishasalwaysbeenthefunctionofliteratureandweshouldbecarefulnot
toletitdisappear.Oursocietyneedstobeabletoimaginethepossibilityofsomeoneutterlyintunewithmodern
technologyaswellasmakesenseofadynamicyetconfusingworld.
3.【上海交通大學附屬中學2022-2023學年高三下學期開學摸底考試英語試題】
Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Note
thatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.
A.presentB.featuresC.concernedD.reportedlyE.commercialF.stretches
G.overwhelmingH.exceptionallyI.routinelyJ.sparedK.broadcasts
Modernmediaisawashinadvertisingclutter(雜舌L),andwho'stoblame?Modemaudiencesthathate
conventionalfull-lengthandfull-sizeads.
Today'sconsumersdon'tliketopayforcontent,whichoughttocreatearichenvironmentforadvertisers.Yet
thesesameconsumersarepronetoclickorturnawaywhenaconventionaladappears.Theresultisadclutter.
YouTube___1___acombinationoffull-lengthads,skippableads,lower-screenbannersanddisplayadsonthe
pagealongsideeachvideo.Newspapersthatonceconsideredthefrontpageimportantnow___2___runadsthere.
Advertisersintegrateplugs(推至肖)intocontenttofrustratedigitalvideorecorders,whichallowviewerstowatch
programsonadelayandskipregularcommercials.Ifyouwatchregionaltelecastsofbaseballgames,thecommercial
clutterisso___3___.Adsarevisibleonthestadiumwallbehindthehome-plateumpire(裁判).On-screengraphics
includesponsorlogos.Andeverythingisapaidplug—<4Thiscalltothecoach'szoneisbroughttoyoubyVerizon.^^
AccordingtotheshowbizpaperVariety,severalstreamingservicesareabouttointroduceanewtwist:
commercialsthatstartrunningwheneveraviewerpausesaprogram.Huluintendstolaunchsuchadsthisyear.
AT&T'sDirecTVandU-verseunitswill___4___usesimilartechnologytotriggerfull-motioncommercials
wheneveraviewertriestotakeabreak.
There'salotatstake.AccordingtoVariety,NationalFootballLeague(NFL)TVbroadcastsgeneratean
estimated$4.35billioninadrevenueduringthe17-weekregularseason.NFL___5___arenowloadedwithmini
commercialsthatpopupwhenthereisabriefpauseintheaction,oftenin“doubleboxes“thatshowaviewofthe
fieldinoneframeanda(n)___6___intheother.
Interestingly,withno"screen“toworkwith,radioisonemediumthathastriedforsometimetobuckthetrend.
Manycommercialstationstradeclutterforclusters—thatis,asolidblockofcommercialsrunningfiveminutesor
more,followedbylengthycommercial-free___7___oftime.
Butwhereverascreenisinvolved,oraprintedpage,adclutteris___8___everywhere.Programmersand
advertiserscan'treallybeexpectedtolimitthis;ifsafactofbusiness.Consumers,ontheotherhand,canoptfor
commercial-freecontent—ifthey'rewillingtopayforit.
Butgettinglimitlesscontentwithoutpayingwhilealsobeing___9___heavyadvertisingintrusionsisimpossible.
Asmediaenvironmentispermanentlycluttered,audiencesshouldbe___10___withwhattheywishfor.
4.【上海市同濟大學第一附屬中學2022-2023學年高三下學期3月月考英語試題】
E-Scooters
A.regardlessB.chargedC.optionD.mostlyE.transformative.F.powered
G.connectivityH.prospectsI.popularityJ.championsK.invasion
Overthepasttwoyears,electricscootershavebecomeever-presentinmanyofEuropeandAmerica'sbiggest
cities.BritainisthelastmajorwesternEuropeancountrytoholdoutagainstthe___11___.E-scootersarenotallowed
onpublicroads,thoughpeopledoridethemoncycleLanesandpavements___12___.Butwheretheyarepermitted,
e-scootersharingcompanies
setupinlargenumbers.Totheir___13___,e-scootersarerevolutionary:the"iPhoneOfurbantransport".Totheir
critics,theyaredangerous,anti-socialandveryannoying.
Aswithadockless(無樁)bike,scootersarefittedwithGPStrackersandwireless___14___Customers
downloadanappandscanaQRcodeonthescootertounlockit.Theyarethen___15___asmallamount.Bird,which
launcheditse-scooterinSantaMonica,CaliforniainSeptember2017charges$1plus15centsperminute,onaverage,
intheUS-totravelwheretheywanttogo,atamaximumspeedofaround15mph.Atnight,thescootersarerounded
up,chargedandreturnedto16.
E-Scootershavethepotentialtosolvesomeoftheworldsbiggesttransportproblems.Mostcitiesarealready
dangerouslypollutedandheavilycongested,anditissimplynota(n)17toputmorecarsandtaxisonthe
streets.Scootersareefficient;onekilowatthourofenergycarri
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