Unit14NewLifestylesinChinaTheRiseofCar-sharinginChina共享經濟正在日益影響中國人的生活。從共享充電寶、共享單車發展到共享汽車。雖然

存在種種弊端,但不可否認這些給人們的生活帶來了便利。WiththefastdevelopmentofeconomyinChina,peoplearebecoming

wealthy.Therearemoreandmoreprivatecarsanditseemsunlikelythatthe

country

sgrowthincarownershipwillstopanytimesoon.However,severe

1airpollutionandtrafficcongestion2haveledseverallargeChinesecitiesto

takeactionstostem3therisingtideofprivatecars.Forexample,sixbigcities

includingBeijing

haveimplemented4licenseplatecontrolpolicies.Othermanagementstrategiessuchascongestionpricingarewidelyadopted

tostoptherisingtideofprivatecars.Aspartofthestrategiestoachievesus-

tainable5urbanmobility,car-sharingcanhelpreducethenumberofcarsin

Chinesecitiesandmeettheincreasingdemandforpersonalmobilityofthemiddleclass①.Car-sharing,oneofthefastestgrowingurbanmobilityinnovations6world-

wide,didnotexistinChinauntil2009,butitisquicklybecomingamain-

stream7inChinesecities.Theglobalcar-sharingmarkethasanestimated

valueof1billionUSAdollars,with272%growthinthenumberofcar-shar-

ingvehiclesbetween2006and2012.The

rise

of

station-based

car-sharing

in

ChinaCar-sharingisstillemerging8inChina,andin2012therewereonlytwocar-sharingoperators(CSOs),withatotalof39vehiclesinChinesecities.To-

day,thecar-sharingnetworkinChinahasgrowntoatotalof1,000vehicles

withfiveactiveoperatorsinBeijing,Hangzhou,Wuhan,Shenzhenand

Changsha.Thecomposition9ofCSOsinChinahasevolvedfromdomestic

start-upsthatoperateindependentlyfromthegovernmentorestablished

rentalcarcompaniestogetherwithmunicipal10governments,foreignand

domesticvehiclemanufacturers②.AmongtheseCSOs,EduoAutoispopularwithcollegestudentsandeven

implementsamembershipsystem,whileWeigongjiaoandE-carreceivegovernmentsupportandoperateonlyelectricvehicles.Weigongjiao,which

means“mini-bus”,creativelyusesvendingmachines11-likeparking

garageswithelectricvehiclecharginginfrastructure12.Car2Goisthefirstcar

-sharingprogramsupportedbyaforeignequipmentmanufacturer(OEM)in

China.The

emergence

of

private

peer-to-peer

car-sharingPeer-to-peer13(P2P)car-sharinghasexistedinChinaforashortperiodof

timethoughithasbeenoperatinginNorthAmericaformorethanadecade.

P2Pcompaniesprovideaplatform14formemberstorentvehiclesownedbyothermembersinthenetwork.Car-sharingexpertslikeZipCarfounder,

RobinChase,regardP2Pcar-sharingasthenextrevolutioninthecarrental

industry,asitcancheaplymobilize15unusedresourcestoprovidevehicleac-

cessacrossawidearea.TwoofthemostnotableP2PcompaniesinChina

arePPZucheandATZuche.What

role

will

car-sharing

play

in

Chinese

cities

in

the

future?Therearemultiple16challengesfacingthecar-sharingindustryinChi-na.Culturalpreferencetowardscarownershipmaymakecar-sharingless

appealing17inChinathaninothercountries.ItmaytaketimeforCSOsto

developanoperationalscheme18thatsuitsChinesecities,andforcityleaders

tocreatesupportivepoliciessuchason-streetparkingforsharedvehicles.

Somelocalgovernmentshavesupportedelectricvehiclecar-sharingpro-

grams,thoughmostgovernmentsaregenerallyunawareofcar-sharingasa

potential19sustainabletransportsolution.BusinessesinChinaareinnovatingtocreatelocallyviablevehiclesharing

programsthatmayreshape20privatevehicleusageinthelargestvehiclemarketintheworld.Astheindustryevolves,supportfromcitygovernments

throughpoliciessuchasdedicatedparkingforsharedvehiclesandexemp-

tion21tovehiclelicenserestrictionswillbevitaltothegrowthoftheindus-

try.ItisalsoimportantforCSOsandresearcherstodemonstratethebenefits

ofcar-sharingservices.Ifmoregovernmentscanprovideanaccommodating2

2policyenvironment,theriseofcar-sharingprogramsinChinacouldbepart

ofastrategytomakecitiesmoresustainableandlivablewhileminimizing

carownership.——http://thecityfix.com/blog/on-the-move-car-sharing-scales-up-heshuang-zeng(613words)Notes①Aspartofthestrategiestoachievesustainableurbanmobility,car-

sharingcanhelpreducethenumberofcarsinChinesecitiesandmeetthein-

creasingdemandforpersonalmobilityofthemiddleclass.共享汽車是實現中國城市交通可持續發展的遠大戰略之一,有助于減少城市汽車數量,同時滿足中產階級不斷增長的個人出行交通需求。②ThecompositionofCSOsinChinahasevolvedfromdomesticstart-

upsthatoperateindependentlyfromthegovernmentorestablishedrentalcar

companiestogetherwithmunicipalgovernments,foreignanddomesticvehi-

clemanufacturers.在中國,共享汽車運營商的構成從國內新興私營企業或知名租車公司發

展成為政府和國內外汽車制造商共同運營。ExercisesⅠ.There

are

five

questions

or

unfinished

statements

based

on

the

passage.

For

each

of

them

choose

the

best

answer

from

the

four

choices

marked

A,B,

C

and

D.1.Whichofthefollowingproblemismentionedasaresultoftherising

numberofprivatecarsinChina?A.Over-consumptionofenergy.B.Higherinfrastructurecost.C.Morecaraccidents.D.Increasingairpollution.2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutthecar-sharingmarketin

China?A.Thecar-sharingmarketinChinaisquitemature.B.Thenumberofcar-sharingvehiclesbetween2006and2012in-

creasedby272%inChina.C.Thereareatleastfiveactivecar-sharingoperatorsinChina.D.Car-sharingoperatorsinChinarunindependentlyfromgovernment.3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnotthechallengefacingthecar-shar-

ingindustryinChina?A.InChineseculture,peopleprefertohavetheirowncars.B.Sharingvehiclescannotbemaintainedintime.C.Dedicatedparkingisnotavailableforsharingvehicles.D.Mostgovernmentsdon

trealizethatcar-sharingcanhelpsolve

transportproblems.4.Theunderlinedword“viable”inthelastparagraphmostprobably

means

.A.feasibleB.reliableC.visibleD.possible5.What

stheauthor

sattitudetowardsthefutureofcar-sharingindustryin

China?A.Optimistic.B.Pessimistic.C.Doubtful.D.Neutral.Ⅱ.Fill

in

the

blanks

in

the

following

sentences,using

the

words

or

phrases

given

below.Change

the

form

where

necessary.

bevitaltounlikelysevereimplementsustainableemergemultipleappealingpotentialinnovate1.Sheissufferingfrom

depression.2.Cyclingisatotally

formoftransport.3.Theattacklefthimwith

woundstohisupperlimbs.4.Weareawareofthe

problemsandhavetakeneveryprecau-

tion.5.Goodfinancialaccounts

thesuccessofanyenterprise.6.SpendingtheholidaysinBritainwasn

taprospectthatIfoundparticular-

ly

.7.Thegovernmentpromisedto

anewsystemtosolvethefinan-

cialproblem.8.Thecompanyhassuccessfully

newproductsandservices.9.Itis

thatthethieveswillbecaught.10.Nonewevidence

duringtheinvestigation.Ⅲ.Translate

the

following

Chinese

sentences

into

English.1.我們大家都必須采取行動來保護我們的生活環境。2.這種可持續發展不僅指經濟的可持續發展,而且更為重要的應該指社

會的可持續發展。3.那家公司希望能夠挺進有大量可用車輛的社區,盡可能將所有的車輛

發展成共用車。4.該研究所可以對一些問題進行研究,這些問題可能會促進一帶一路的

發展效率。SectionAIn

this

section,you

are

going

to

read

a

passage

with

ten

statements

attached

to

it.Each

statement

contains

information

given

in

one

of

the

paragraphs.I-

dentify

the

paragraph

from

which

the

information

is

derived.You

may

choose

a

paragraph

more

than

once.Each

paragraph

is

marked

with

a

letter.WhyChinaLeadstheWorldinMobilePaymentsA)Forconsumers,itisclearthatmobiledevicesareamainstay

(支柱)inourdailylives

fromconnectingwithfriendsoversocialmedia,makingdinnerreservations,researchingandshar-

ingproductrecommendationstoviewingonline.Now,itisthe

explosivegrowthofmobilepaymentsthatistransformingour

financiallives,andChinaistakingthelead!Witharecordof$1

2.8trillioninmobilepaymentinChina,transactionsfromJan-uarytoOctoberin2017surpassestheUSAwhosetransactions

wereonly$49.3billion.Butwhy?Chinese

consumers

embrace

mobile

paymentsB)UnliketheUSAmarketwhereconsumershavebeenhesitanttoabandon

theircreditcardsanddebitcards,Chineseconsumersareadoptingcashless

ande-commercemethodsatafasterratethantherestoftheworld.They

havebeenfastadoptersofonlineretail,financialandon-demandservices

andprefertheconvenienceofmobilepayments.C)In2016,Chinahad731millionInternetusers,morethanthetotalusersof

theEuropeanUnionandtheUnitedStates.NearlyoneinfiveInternetusers

inChinareliesonmobilepayment,comparedwithjust5%intheUnited

States.InChinatheshareofInternetuserswhomakemobilepaymentsis

around68%,comparedwithonlyaround15%intheUnitedStates.D)WhereasUSAconsumersareconcernedaboutmobilesecurityandeven

manymerchantsseemconfusedaboutacceptingmobilewallets,China

se-

commerce$marketisdrivenbyitsmobile-firstconsumerbehavior.Accord-

ingtoaPWCreport,31%ofChineseconsumerswillclickonanadthatisrelevanttothemversus16%globally.Chinesepeopleappreciatetheconve-

nienceandeaseofpaymentthatcomewithmobilewalletsmorethanAmeri-

cansdo.China

s

digital

infrastructure

supports

mobile

paymentsE)Chinaisnowthelargeste-commercemarketintheworld.Itaccountsfor

morethan40%ofthevalueofworldwidee-commercetransactions,upfrom

lessthan1%aboutadecadeago.Chinahasalsobecomeamajorglobalforce

inmobilepayments.Thetransactionvalueis11timesthatoftheUnited

States.F)TheChinesegovernmentisplayinganactiveroleinbuildingaworld-

classinfrastructuretosupportdigitizationasaninvestor,developer,andcon-

sumer.Chinaisbeingtransformedintoaworlddigitalleaderaccordingtothe

McKinseyGlobalInstitute.G)Ledbythepopularmobileapps,AliPayandWeChatPay,Chinesecon-

sumersgostraightfromcashtosmartphones,skippingtheuseofcreditcards

anddebitcards.Twooftheworld

smostvaluablecompaniesareAlibaba

GroupHolding,LtdandTencentHoldings,Ltdrespectively.Byusingmo-

bilepayments,peopleinChinapayforwhattheybuythroughadigitalsys-temthatcombinessocialmedia,commerce,andbanking.H)Incontrast,theUnitedStatesdependsonbanksformostnon-cashpay-

ments,andallaretiedtoconsumers

bankaccounts.Withmultiplefirmsin-

volvedintheprocess,frombankstocreditcardcompaniestopaymentpro-

cessors,thecostoftransactionsgoesupwiththeirhandlingandprocessing

fees.WalletsandpaymentsystemslikePayPal,ApplePay,andGooglePay

arealsoconnectedtothissystem,butneithercommandsthemarketthatAli-

PayandWeChatPaydoinChina.Asaresult,USAmerchantslosesubstan-

tialamountsofmoneytothesefeesonpurchasesmadewithcardsormobilepaymentsintheUSA.I)IfthirdpartyappsweretotakeholdintheUSAatthesamerateasinChi-

na,bankswouldlose$43billiondollars.It

snowonder,Bloombergreport-

ed“China

sPaymentAppsGiveUSABankersNightmares(噩夢)”.USA

mobile

payment

opportunityJ)TheUSAreceivedsome2.6millionChinesevisitorsin2015,accordingto

NationalTravelandTourismOffice.Thenumberisexpectedtoreach6mil-

lionby2021,accordingtotheUSATravelAssociation.ChinesetouristsandstudentsintheUSArepresentasignificantmarketopportunityforChina

s

majormobilepaymentapps.K)Itisestimatedthat61%ofglobalmobilepaymentusersthisyearwillbe

fromChina,accordingtoe-Marketer,withAliPayandWeChatPayhaving5

20millionand1billionmonthlyusersrespectively.Mobilepaymentac-

countsforabout41%ofalltransactionsabroad.Nielsenfoundthatover90%

ofChinesetouristswouldusemobilepaymentoverseasifoverseasmer-

chantssupportedtheuseofChinesemobilepaymentbrands,andthiswould

furtherincreasetheirdesiretoshop.This,alongwiththesignificantgrowthinpercapita(人均)incomeofresidentsinChinaandtheincreasingnumber

ofChinesecitizenstravelingoverseas,makesUSAmerchantsthinkthatac-

ceptingChina

smobilepaymentsissmartfortheirbusinesses.AliPay

targets

USA

marketL)AlipayenteredtheUSAmarketin2016.TheyannouncedadealonMay8

th,2018withAtlanta-basedpaymentprocessorFirstDataunderwhichmore

than4millionUSAmerchantswillacceptpaymentviatheservice.Thatputs

AliPayinthesameleagueasApplePay,whichisat4.5million.However,

theprimarytargetisnotAmericans.It

sthegrowingnumberofChinesetouristsandstudentsintheUSA.M)AliPayrecentlyalsopartneredwithFreedomPay,agloballeaderinpro-

tectedcommercetechnologyandakeynotespeakerattheAnnualMobile

PaymentsConference2018.ThepartnershipwillprovideAlipaywithnew

customersfocusingonthetravelandhospitalitysectorandanabilitytocapi-

talizeonChinesetourists.Meanwhile,China

sothermobilewalletgiant

Tencent

sWeChatPay

willfightAlipayfuriouslyfortheAmericanmarket.——https://mobilepaymentconference.com/why-china-leads-the-world-in-mobile-payments(907words)

1.WithChinesepeopleintheUSAasitstargetusers,Alipayopened

uptheAmericanmarket.

2.Americanconsumersareunwillingtogiveupusingcreditcards

anddebitcards.

3.TheinvolvementofmanycompaniesintheprocessofpaymentcausesthetransactionstobemoreexpensiveintheUSA.

4.Chineseconsumersgiveprioritytotheuseofmobilepayment,

whichpromotesitse-commercemarket.

5.WithmoreandmorevisitorsandstudentsgoingtotheUSA,Ali-

PayandWeChatPayforeseealargermarketshare.

6.ThenumberofInternetuserswhorelyonmobilephonesinChina

isfourtimesaslargeasthatintheUSA.

7.AlipayandWeChatPaywillhavefiercecompetitionfortheUSA

market.

8.Peopleusemobilephonestocontactfriends,bookdinnersandpay

fortheirpurchases.

9.Chinaachievedagrowthofover39%inthevalueofe-commerce

transactionsinthepasttenyears.

10.IfChinesemobilepaymentsareacceptedoverseas,merchants

therewouldmakegreaterprofits.Time

required:15minutesTime

used:

minutesSectionBIn

this

section,there

is

a

passage

with

ten

blanks.You

are

required

to

select

one

word

for

each

blank

from

a

list

of

choices

given

in

the

work

bank.Read

the

passage

through

carefully

before

making

your

choices.You

may

not

use

any

of

the

words

in

the

bank

more

than

once.Over60%ofChinesePeopleEatTakeoutsatLeastTwiceaWeekAccordingtoasurveyof2,005intervieweesbyChina

Youth

Daily,64.9%ofthemeattakeoutfoodatleasttwicea

week,while52.4percentconsiderthefoodtobeharmful.Atotalof55.6%admitit

shardtostop1

takeoutfood,and

63.8%hopethequalitycouldbeimproved,especially2

hygieneforthecookingoilandingredientsused.WangWei,a

graduateofRenminUniversityofChina,eatstakeoutfoodev-

erynoonaswellasweekendevenings.“It

sconvenienttoor-

dertakeoutfood.Therearemanytypesoffoods3

andthepriceisnothigh,”hesaid.Whenintervieweeswereaskedaboutthe4

ofeatingtake-

outfood,4.7%saidtwoorthreetimesaday,14.4%saidoncea

day,45.8%saidtwoorthreetimesaweek,and13.9%saidonce

aweek.Only18.6%oftheintervieweeseattakeoutfood5

,and2.6%seldomeatitatall.Thesurveyshowsthatpeoplehavedifferentreasonsforchoos-ingtakeoutfood.Atotalof55.9%ofthemhave6

sched-

ules,36.7%considertakeoutfoodcheaperthanfoodinarestau-

rant,and30.9%thinktherestaurantsoutsidearetoofaraway.Meanwhile,28.9%don

tknowhowtocook,22.2%likeeating

andwatchingTVshowstogether,and9%choosetakeoutfood

becauseitwas7

byfriends.However,manyintervieweessaidtheyhave8

aboutthequalityoftakeoutfood.Inthesurvey,55.6%ofintervieweesadmittedthatit

sdifficult

to9

eatingtakeoutfood,sopeople10

expectmore

fromthequalityofwhattheyorder.——http://www.myzaker.com/article/5abcac5077ac645fca429be

2(278words)Time

required:8minutesTime

used:

minutesSectionCIn

this

section

there

is

a

passage

followed

by

some

questions

or

unfinished

statements.For

each

of

them

choose

the

best

answer

from

the

four

choices

marked

A,B,C

and

D.HongKong

sHigh-speedRailTakesoffAround75,000passengerstravelledthroughthecontroversial

jointcheckpoint,withover42,000mainlandvisitorstravelling

toHongKong,whilearound33,000HongKongersjourneyed

overtheborder.The141-kilometre-longrailway,including26kilometersinHongKongisakeypartofthenationalhigh-speedrailway

network.ThetrainfromtheWestKowloonStationoverthe

bordertoChinaontheGuangzhou-Shenzhen-HongKongEx-

pressRailLinktookoffsuccessfullyonSunday,September23

rd,2018.Therailprojectcost10.8billionUSAdollars.ItconnectsHong

KongwithChina

s25,000-kilometre-longnationalhigh-speed

railnetworkforthefirsttime.TheHongKongExpressRailLinkwilltravelthrough44stationsacrossChina

shigh-speed

railnetworkincludingGuangzhou,ShanghaiandBeijing.Pas-

sengerssaythattheyhaveexperiencedsomenaggingissuesat

ticketcountersintheWestKowloonStation,aswellasconfu-

sionoverbaggagesizelimitsandinadequatelysignedcompart-

ments.Despitethesesmallhiccups,mostpassengersreporteda

smoothjourney.Authoritieswerealsoquicktoreacttoprob-

lems.Forexample,whenpassengersfacedlengthyqueues,twomorecountersweresubsequentlyaddedonMondaytoalleviate

crowdingissues.Togivepassengersevenmorereasonstosmile,HongKong

DisneylandResortalsoopenedthe“MagicGateway”Guest

ServiceCenterattheWestKowloonStationonthesamedayto

offerguestsaseriesofservicesuniquetoDisney,suchasin-

towncheck-ins,baggagetransfersandhotelreservations.Overall,thejourneywasheraldedasuccessbyallthelawmak-

ersonboard,includingCarrieLam,chiefexecutiveofHong

Kong,whosaid,“Inotetherewerestillsometeethingprob-

lems.Butforsuchalargeinfrastructureproject,especiallya

cross-borderone,notallproblemscanbedealtwithbyusalone.

MTRstaffwillreviewandseewhatimprovementscanbemade

infuture.”Trainswillrunatmaximumspeedof200kilometersperhourandconnectsHongKongwithGuangzhouSouthinjust48

minutes.Itisexpectedthatmorepassengerswilltravelsouth

fromthemainlandtoHongKong.Intermsofpricing,asecondclasstickettoShenzhenisHK$8

6,GuangzhouatHK$247,andBeijingatHK$1,237.LinkingHongKongwiththegreaterbayarea,where68million

peoplelive,createsapotentialGDPof1.5trillionUSAdollars.Thelinkwillalsobring270millionpeopletoHongKong,help-

ingthecityachieveitsgoalof60millionarrivals.——http://page.renren.com/601318315/note/842358082(393words)1.Whichofthefollowingwastheproblemencounteredbythe

Guangzhou-Shenzhen-HongKongExpressRailLink?A.Itwastoocrowdedattheticketcountersbecauseofthe

lengthyqueues.B.Passengerscomplainedthattheticketsweretooexpensive.C.Passengerswerenotsurewhethertheirbaggagewastoo

largetobetaken.D.Therewerenotenoughseatsonthetrain.2.WhatdidHongKongDisneylandResortdotosatisfypassen-

gers?A.Passengerscouldhavetheirbaggagesentanywhere.B.Ithelpedpassengersbookhotels.C.Passengersweretreatedwithsmiles.D.Ittookpassengerslesstimetocheckinhotels.3.Theunderlinedword“teething”inparagraph5mostprob-

ablymeans

.A.disgustingB.messyC.complicatedD.initial4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothe

passage?A.ThetripfromHongKongtoGuangzhouSouthtookonly48minutes.B.Comparedwiththenumberofpeopletravelingfromthe

mainlandtoHongKong,morewilltravelintheoppositedirec-

tion.C.TrainsleaveandarriveatKowloonStation.D.TheticketpricefromtickettoBeijingisHK$247.5.WhatcanbethebenefitofHongKong

shigh-speedrail?A.ItcancreateapotentialGDPof1.5trillionUSAdollarsfor

China.B.Therewillbe68millionpeopletravelingtothemainland.C.Therewillbe270millionpeopletravelingtoHongKong.D.HongKong

stargetofhaving60milliontravelerscanbere-alized.Timerequired:8minutesTimeused:

minutesUnit15SportsHowExerciseCanStrengthentheBrain隨著生活水平的提高,體育鍛煉已成為人們生活的重要部分。可是您知道鍛煉除了能增強

體質外,還能強健大腦嗎?Canexercisemakethebrainmorefit?Thatabsorbing1

questioninspiredanewstudyattheUniversityofSouthCaroli-

naduringwhichscientistscollectedmiceandlethalftorunfor

anhouradayonlittletreadmills2,whilethereststayedintheir

cageswithoutexercising.Pastexperimentshaveshownpersuasively3thatexercisestimu-

latesthebirthofnewmitochondria4inmusclecellsandim-

provesthevitality5oftheexistingorganelle6.Thisupsurge7inmitochondria,inturn,hasbeenlinkednotonlytoimprovements

inexerciseendurance8buttoincreasedlongevityinanimalsand

reducedriskforobesity,diabetes9andheartdiseaseinpeople.It

isaveryeffectivecellular10reaction.Braincellsarealsofueledbymitochondria.Butuntilnow,no

onehasknownifasimilarresponsetoexerciseoccursinthe

brain.Likemuscles,manypartsofthebraingetarobust11physiologi-

calworkout12duringexercise.“Thebrainhastoworkhardto

keepthemusclesmoving”,saysJ.MarkDavis,aprofessorof

exercisescienceandseniorauthorofthenewmousestudy.

Scanshaveshownthatmetabolic13activityinmanypartsofthe

brainrisessharplyduringworkouts,butitwasunknown

whetherthoseactivebraincellswereactuallyadaptingand

changing.TheSouthCarolinascientistsexercisedtheirmiceforeight

weeks.Attheendofthetwomonths,theresearchershadbothgroups

completearuntoexhaustion14onthetreadmill.Notsurprising-

ly,therunningmicedisplayedmuchgreaterendurancethanthe

unexercised.Theylastedonthetreadmillsforanaverageof126

minutes,versus74minutesfortheunexercisedanimals.Moreinteresting,though,waswhatwashappeninginsidetheir

braincells.Whenthescientistsexaminedtissue15samplesfrom

differentpartsoftheexercisedanimals

brains,theyfound

markersofupsurgingmitochondrialdevelopmentinallofthe

tissues.①Somepartsoftheirbrainsshowedmoreactivitythan

others,butineachofthesamples,thebraincellsheldnewborn

mitochondria.Therewasnocomparableactivityinbraincellsfromtheunex-ercisedmice.Thisisthefirstreporttoshowthat,inmiceat

least,twomonthsofexercisetraining“issufficientstimulusto

increasemitochondrialbiogenesis16”,Dr.Davisandhisco-au-

thorswriteinthestudy.Thefindingisanimportant“pieceinthepuzzleimplyingthat

exercisecanleadtomitochondrialbiogenesisintissuesother

thanmuscles”,②saysDr.MarkTarnopolsky,aprofessorof

medicineatMcMasterChildren

sHospital.Themitochondrialincreaseintheanimals

brainshasimplica-

tionsthatarewide-rangingandencouraging“Thereisevi-

dence”fromotherstudies“thatmitochondrialshortageinthe

brainmayplayaroleinthedevelopmentofneurodegenerative17

diseases,”Dr.Davissays.“Havingalargerstorageofmito-

chondriainyourbraincellscouldprovidesomebuffer18against

thoseconditions,”hesays.Moreimmediately,Dr.Davisspeculates19,reenergizedbraincellscouldbecomemoreresistanttofatigueand,sincebodily

fatigueispartlymediated20bysignalsfromthebrain,allowing

youtowithstandmoreexercise.③Ineffect,exercisingthebody

maytrainthebraintoallowyoutoexercisemore,amplifying

thebenefits.Revitalizedbraincellsalso,atleastpotentially,couldreduce

mentalfatigueandsharpenyourthinking“evenwhenyou

re

notexercising,”Dr.Davissays.Ofcourse,“mousebrainsarenothumanbrains,”Dr.Davis

says.“But,”hecontinues,“sincemitochondrialbiogenesis

hasbeenshowntooccurinhumanmuscles,justasitdoesinan-

imalmuscles,itisareasonablespeculationthatitoccursinhu-

manbrains.”——http://dipmat.math.unipa.it/~grim/EBalderas.PDF(582words)Notes①Whenthescientistsexaminedtissuesamplesfromdif-

ferentpartsoftheexercisedanimalsbrains,theyfoundmarkers

ofupsurgingmitochondrialdevelopmentinallofthetissues.在檢測經常運動的動物大腦不同部位的組織樣本時,科學家

們發現有跡象表明所有組織中的線粒體成長迅速。②Thefindingisanimportant“pieceinthepuzzleimply-

ingthatexercisecanleadtomitochondrialbiogenesisintissues

otherthanmuscle”…這一發現是解開謎團的重要線索,“表明鍛煉不僅有利于線

粒體在肌肉內生成,也能使其在組織中形成”……③Moreimmediately,Dr.Davisspeculates,reenergized

braincellscouldbecomemoreresistanttofatigueand,sincebodilyfatigueispartlymediatedbysignalsfromthebrain,al-

lowingyoutowithstandmoreexercise.緊接著,戴維斯博士推測由于人體疲勞感部分由大腦信號來

調節,因此腦細胞一旦重獲能量,便能抵抗更多疲勞感,從而能

承受更大的運動量。ExercisesⅠ.There

are

five

questions

or

unfinished

statements

based

on

the

passage.For

each

of

them

choose

the

best

answer

from

the

four

choices

marked

A,B,

C

and

D.1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Scientistsconductedanexperimentonmiceandprovedthatexercisescan

notonlyimprovehumanexerciseendurancebutalsoreducementalfatigue.B.Thedifferencebetweenpastexperimentsonmiceandtherecentstudy

conductedbyscientistsinUniversityofSouthCarolina.C.Scientistsconductedanexperimentonmiceandspeculatedthatexer