專(zhuān)題03完形填空

(-)

（2024年楊浦區(qū)區(qū)一模）

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillin

eachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Often,weknowwhatmakesushappy...but,despitethis,oftenwedon'tputthetheoryintoaction.WhydoI

(thepersonwhotellsyouthattakingbreaks(41)stressandmakesyoumoreefficient)sitatmycomputer

eatingmylunch?Iknowthisisunhelpfulforme,sowhatonearthisgoingon?Itallstartedatatimeofhuge

pressurewhenIwastraining,andIbeganeatingmylunchatmydeskto(42)time.Ididitoverandover

againuntilitbecame(43)tomybrain.

Mybrainwillchoosethisroutebydefault(默認(rèn)'情況下),becauseitisthemostlearnedbehaviour.Something

inmyoffice(44)(probablymystomachrumbling(發(fā)口古咕聲)willsendasignaltomybrainthatifs

lunchtime,andIwillpickupmysandwichandeatitwithverylittle(45).Itisano-brainertomybrain;

it'sjustwhatitdoes.

Habitsdon't(46)newlearningfromthebrain;theyarestoredasasequenceofactivitiesinthebrain.

Thebrainaddsaroutineofbehaviourstogethersotheyallhappen(47)insequencewhenactivatedbya

signal(thatrumblingstomach)togetustoareward(mylunch),which(48)strengthensthatlearned

behaviour.Yourbrainuseshabitsto(49)effortandsaveenergy,andwilldefaulttothesebehaviours

whensignalled.Howcanwebuildhappinesshabitsintoourlives?

Step1:Whatisitthatyouwanttodo

Decidewhatyouwantto(50)assmalldailyhabits.Next,thinkabouthowandwhenyouwilldothis.(51)

,considerthehabitsthataffecthappinessnegativelyandthatyouwanttobreak.Likeme,doyouwantto

(52)eatinglunchatyourdeskandgetoutsideinstead?

Step2:Be(53)aboutyourwhy

Whatwillyougainfromthisnewhappinesshabit?Whyisitimportanttoyou?Thishelpsyoutowanttomakethe

efforttobreakyourdefaulthabits.

Step3:Bespecific

Decidewhenspecificallyyouwill(54)yournewhabitandwhatyouwilldo——forexample,64Iwantto

goforawalktoconnectwithnatureatlunchtime.^^Startassmallasyoucan,becausethisismorelikelytobe

achievable,repeatableandrewarding-threethingsweneedtohappentoshiftfroma(n)(55)new

behaviourtoahabit.

41.A.increasesB.reducesC.suggestsD.excludes

42.A.killB.spendC.saveD.make

43.A.habitualB.continualC.relevantD.remote

44.A.contextB.councilC.entryD.format

45.A.assistanceB.appreciationC.appetiteD.awareness

46.A.regulateB.requireC.compriseD.consume

47.A.subsequentlyB.collectivelyC.automaticallyD.individually

48.A.inturnB.inreturnC.byfarD.bycontrast

49.A.enhanceB.attainC.reverseD.minimize

50.A.buryB.changeC.addD.delete

51.A.GenerallyB.AlternativelyC.EventuallyD.Initially

52.A.enjoyB.imagineC.delayD.stop

53.A.crazyB.calmC.clearD.curious

54.A.engageinB.callforC.appealtoD.giveup

55.A.hopefulB.hopelessC.effortfulD.effortless

（二）

（2024年黃浦區(qū)一模）

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillin

eachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Turkeyisnotmything,butonedishIcannotlivewithoutonThanksgivingismymom'sSnowyMashed

Potatoes.Istart_41—thesepotatoes,myannualtime-releasecapsuleofpurejoyinearlyNovember.I'mpretty

sureI'vehadthemateveryThanksgivingsinceIwasakid,andbitesoftentransportmebacktodifferentyearsand

differentdiningrooms.

Howandwhyisitthatcertainfoodsgiveussomuch_42—?Andwhatcanbesaidaboutthekindsoffoods

weconsidermostcomforting?Sciencetellsusthattasteandnutritionalcontentaffecthowfoodsmakeusfeel,but

certainfoodsareespecially_43—satisfyingforreasonsthathavelittletodowiththeirtasteornutritionalcontent.

Muchofthehappinesswegetfromourfavoritefoodscomesfromthememoriestheystimulateforusandthe

peoplewe'rewithwhilewe_44_them.Pastandpresent_45_shapethefoodswefindcomforting.

Often,welovefoodbecausewehave_46_memoriesassociatedwithit.Mymom'smashedpotatoes（土豆

泥）remindmeofholidayjoyandpastreunionswithextendedfamily.Wearealsodrawntofoodsweweregiven

earlyinlifebypeoplewhocaredforus,whichcanhelpexplainour_47—loveforchickennoodlesoup,which

manyparentsfeedtheirsickchildrentomakethemfeelbetter.

Thesmelloffoodcan__48_powerfulmemories,too.Thepartofthebrainresponsibleforprocessingsmell

directlyconnectstotheamygdala,abrainregionthatprocessesemotions,andthehippocampus,whichhandles

memory.Andourmemoryforsmellsis_49—andprecise,especiallywhenitcomestosmellwewerefirst

exposedtoinchildhood.Thafswhyyoumightcatchthesmellofpumpkinpiebakingintheovenandbe

transportedbacktothefirsttimeyoubakeditwithyourgrandmother.

These_50—cangotheotherway,too.Sometimesyoumightfeel_51—whenyoueatfoodsthatremind

youoflovedonesyoumiss.Wemayalso_52—foodsthatweassociatewithbadexperiences.

Inadditiontopastmemories,the_53—inwhichweeatfoodsshapeshowmuchweenjoytheminthe

moment,andour切勿77（味覺(jué)的）experiencescanbe_54—byasenseofcommunity,asenseofwarmthand

enjoyingittogether.I_55_mymom'sSnowyMashedPotatoesthatmuchmoretodaybecauseIgottoeatthem

withmyhusbandandtwochildren,thethreepeopleIlovemostintheworld.

41.A.cuttingdownonB.lookingforwardtoC.makingforD.puttingaway

42.A.perspectiveB.pleasureC.spaceD.transition

43.A.emotionallyB.financiallyC.physicallyD.visually

44.A.enjoyB.memorizeC.orderD.recall

45.A.companyB.menusC.outlookD.recipes

46.A.culturalB.fondC.photographicD.shared

47.A.collectiveB.creativeC.lostD.parental

48.A.awakeB.correctC.preserveD.record

49.A.bitter-sweetB.freshC.long-lastingD.selective

50.A.associationsB.experiencesC.foodsD.memories

51.A.alertB.amazedC.disappointedD.sad

52.A.avoidB.consumeC.storeD.swallow

53.A.areaB.backgroundC.contextD.emotion

54.A.enhancedB.offeredC.reflectedD.weakened

55.A.adaptedB.appreciatedC.copiedD.digested

（三）

（2024年長(zhǎng)寧區(qū)一模）

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillin

eachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Acupuncture(針灸),anancientChinesemedicalpractice,hasbeentheremedyforcountlesspatientsfor

thousandsofyears.Beforemodernmedicinecametolife,ancientChineseusedstonetoolsto(41)pain.

Overtime,thisprimitivepractice(42)evolvedintoacomprehensiveandprofoundmedicalsystemand

(43)therootofacupuncture.

Acupunctureisatreatmentthataimsto(44)thebody'sself^regulatingfunctions.Itstherapeutic

principlesareinlinewiththe(45)conceptsoftraditionalChinesemedicine,whichemphasizes

all-inclusivetreatment,meridian(經(jīng)絡(luò))adjustment,balanceofbodilyfunctionsandoverallphysiological

well-being.

Practicescan(46)informs,includingneedleinsertion,cuppingandscraping.Needleinsertion,the

mostcommonmethod,is(47)byinsertinghair-thinneedlesintomeridians,(48)specificpoints

onthebodythat(49)vitalenergy(theqi).Practitionerslift,twirlandrotateneedlestounblocktheflowof

energy;(50)yinandyangbalance;andstimulatethebody'sinnate(51)tohealitself.

LookingbeyondChina,acupuncturehasbecomeaglobal(52).Overtheyears,acupuncturehasseen

manyadvancementsinscientificresearchandmodernmedicine.Itisnowamainstream(53)and

complementarytreatmentforavarietyofweaknesses.Accordingtoa2019WHOreport,acupunctureisusedin113

ofits120membercountries,(54)itswidespreadrecognitionandapplication.

AsanancientChinesemedical(55)witharichhistoryanddeepculturalsignificance,acupunctureis

anembodimentofprofoundculturalheritageandaholisticpathtohealing.

41.A.relieveB.resumeC.releaseD.rebel

42.A.radicallyB.graduallyC.reluctantlyD.randomly

43.A.cultivatedB.evaluatedC.shapedD.eliminated

44.A.promoteB.reflectC.alternateD.perform

45.A.occasionalB.philosophicalC.considerableD.mechanical

46.A.ariseB.healC.varyD.survive

47.A.takenoverB.endedupC.figuredoutD.carriedout

48.A.orB.andC.whileD.with

49.A.blockB.generateC.motivateD.channel

50.A.terrifyB.stimulateC.reserveD.restore

51.A.willingnessB.instinctC.potentialD.nutrient

52.A.libertyB.therapyC.curiosityD.wonderland

53.A.proportionB.alternativeC.procedureD.affection

54.A.illustratingB.predictingC.featuringD.nominating

55.A.assessmentB.occupationC.practiceD.obedience

（四）

（2024年徐匯區(qū)一模）

Acupuncture（針灸），anancientChinesemedicalpractice,hasbeentheremedyforcountlesspatientsfor

thousandsofyears.Beforemodernmedicinecametolife,ancientChineseusedstonetoolsto41pain.Over

time,thisprimitivepractice42evolvedintoacomprehensiveandprofoundmedicalsystemand43the

rootofacupuncture.

Acupunctureisatreatmentthataimsto___44___thebody'sself^regulatingfunctions.Itstherapeuticprinciples

areinlinewiththe___45___conceptsoftraditionalChinesemedicine,whichemphasizesall-inclusivetreatment,

meridian（經(jīng)絡(luò)）adjustment,balanceofbodilyfunctionsandoverallphysiologicalwell-being.

Practicescan___46___informs,includingneedleinsertion,cuppingandscraping.Needleinsertion,themost

commonmethod,is___47___byinsertinghair-thinneedlesintomeridians,___48___specificpointsonthebodythat

___49___vitalenergy（theqi）.Practitionerslift,twirlandrotateneedlestounblocktheflowofenergy;___50___yin

andyangbalance;andstimulatethebody'sinnate___51___tohealitself.

LookingbeyondChina,acupuncturehasbecomeaglobal___52___.Overtheyears,acupuncturehasseenmany

advancementsinscientificresearchandmodernmedicine.Itisnowamainstream___53___andcomplementary

treatmentforavarietyofweaknesses.Accordingtoa2019WHOreport,acupunctureisusedin113ofits120

membercountries,___54___itswidespreadrecognitionandapplication.

AsanancientChinesemedical___55___witharichhistoryanddeepculturalsignificance,acupunctureisan

embodimentofprofoundculturalheritageandaholisticpathtohealing.

41.A.relieveB.resumeC.releaseD.rebel

42.A.radicallyB.graduallyC.reluctantlyD.randomly

43.A.cultivatedB.evaluatedC.shapedD.eliminated

44.A.promoteB.reflectC.alternateD.perform

45.A.occasionalB.philosophicalC.considerableD.mechanical

46.A.ariseB.healC.varyD.survive

47.A.takenoverB.endedupC.figuredoutD.carriedout

48.A.orB.andC.whileD.with

49.A.blockB.generateC.motivateD.channel

50.A.terrifyB.stimulateC.reserveD.restore

51.A.willingnessB.instinctC.potentialD.nutrient

52.A.libertyB.therapyC.curiosityD.wonderland

53.A.proportionB.alternativeC.procedureD.affection

54.A.illustratingB.predictingC.featuringD.nominating

55.A.assessmentB.occupationC.practiceD.obedience

（五）

（2024年閔行區(qū)一模）

MantheHunter,akeyideainhumansciences,proposesthathuntingwasamajordriverofhumanevolutionand

thatmenconductedthisactivity,leavingwomenout.Itholdsthathumanancestorshadadivisionof___21___,

rootedinbiologicaldifferencesbetweenmalesandfemales,inwhichmalesevolvedtohuntandprovide,andfemales

tendedtochildrenanddomesticduties.Itassumesthatmalesare___22___superiortofemalesandthatpregnancy

（'懷孕）andchild-caringreduceoreliminate（不艮除）afemale^abilitytohunt.

MantheHunterhasdominatedthestudyofhumanevolutionfornearlyhalfacenturyandspreadthrough

popular___23___.Itisrepresentedinmuseumdisplaysandtextbookfigures,Saturdaymorningcartoonsandfeature

films.Thethingis,ifs___24___.

Researcherslookatthedamageonourancestors5remainsforcluestotheir___25___.Neandertalfemalesand

malesdonotvaryin___26___patternsorexhibitsexdifferencesindiseasesfromrepetitiveactions.Theirskeletons

showthesamemodesofwearandtear.Thisdiscoveryimpliesthattheywereengagingin___27___activities,from

huntinglargegameanimalstoprocessingfurforleather.

Observationsofrecentandcontemporarysocietiesprovidedirectevidenceofwomen___28___hunting.Agta

peopleofthePhilippines,___29___,huntwhilepregnantandbreastfeeding,andtheyhavethesamehuntingsuccess

asAgtamen.

Arecentstudyofcross-culturalobservationaldatalastingthepast100years-muchofwhichwas30by

MantheHuntercontributors-foundthatwomenfromawiderangeofcultureshuntanimalsforfood.79percentof

the63societieswithcleardescriptionsoftheirhuntingstrategiesreportedlyfeaturewomen___31___.Thewomen

areinvolvedinhuntingregardlessoftheirchildbearingstatus.

Muchaboutfemaleexercisescienceandthe32ofprehistoricwomenremainstobediscovered.Butthe

ideathatinthepastmenwerehuntersandwomenwerenotisabsolutely___33___evenbythelimitedevidencewe

have.Nowwhenyouthinkof"cavepeople”,wehope,youwillimaginea(n)___34___groupofhunterssurrounding

adeerorhittingstonetoolstogetherratherthanaheavy-browedmanwithaheavystickoveroneshoulder.Hunting

mayhavebeenremadeasa___35___activityinrecenttimes,butformostofhumanhistory,itbelongedtoeveryone.

21.A.foodB.laborC.resourceD.power

22.A.technicallyB.sociallyC.physicallyD.intellectually

23.A.cultureB.beliefC.scienceD.awareness

24.A.wrongB.unbelievableC.simpleD.reasonable

25.A.emotionB.appearanceC.dietD.behavior

26.A.injuryB.interactionC.growthD.settlement

27.A.variousB.identicalC.outdoorD.manual

28.A.takingoverB.sufferingfromC.longingforD.participatingin

29.A.infactB.asawholeC.forinstanceD.asaresult

30.A.quotedB.ignoredC.collectedD.stored

31.A.supportersB.pioneersC.leadersD.hunters

32.A.hobbiesB.statusC.livesD.rights

33.A.establishedB.unsupportedC.developedD.misguided

34.A.ever-growingB.self-governingC.mixed-sexD.multi-cultural

35.A.teamB.sportingC.leisureD.male

（六）

（2024年虹口區(qū)一模）

Backin1930,theeconomistJohnMaynardKeynespredictedthatwithtechnologicalchangeandimprovements

in-productivity,we'donlybeworking15hoursaweekbynow.Butwhileworkinghourshave___21___by26%.

mostofusstillaverage42.5hoursaweek.

OneofthethingsKeynesunderestimatedisthehumandesireto___22___withourpeers-adrivethatmakes

mostofusworkmorethanweneedto.46Wedon'tmeasureproductivitybyhowmuchwe'veharvestedanymore,

saysAlexSoojung-KimPang,visitingscholaratStanfordUniversity."OverworkinghasbeenpartofWesternsociety

sincetheIndustrialRevolution.Whensomepredictedthatautomationwouldcreateanextraamountof___23___

time,needlesstosay,thatdidn'thappen.

Thankstocomputerizationandglobalizationinthe1980s,managerscoulddemandmoreofemployeesunderthe

___24___thatjobscouldbegiventosomeoneelse.Sothe___25___piledon.Andwetookitexhausted,butasking

uptheburdenallthesame.ThepsychologistBarbaraKillngerwritesinWorkaholics:TeRespectableAddictsabout

howwe___26___sacrificeourownwell-beingthroughoverworkfbr“success”.

Butfarfromdeliveringproductivity,value,orpersonalfulfillment,overworkhasbeenproventoleadtoburnout,

stress,greaterriskofheartdiseaseandevenshorterlifespans.___27___wecarriedon-untilCOVID-19came

along.

Besidesmakingusworklongerhoursfromhome,COVID-19hasalso28themovetowardstheadoption

ofautomatedmachine,especiallytorjobsrequiringmuchinterpersonalcontact-fromAmazondevelopingdelivery

drones（無(wú)人機(jī)）toself-drivingcars.By2050,MichaelOsborne,aprofessorofmachinelearningattheUniversityof

Oxford,predictsthatatleast40%ofcurrentjobswillbelostto___29___.

Thereare30.Jobsthatinvolvecomplexsocialinteractionsarebeyondcurrentrobotskills:soteaching,

socialcare,nursingandcounsellingarealllikelyto31theAIrevolution.Asarejobsthatrelyoncreativity.

Thesamealsogoesfor32jobs,accordingtoOsborne,duetothelargenumberofdifferentobjectscleaners

encounterandthevarietyofwaysthoseobjectsneedtobedealtwith.Interestingly,areasoftheworkplace

traditionallydominatedbywomenwon'tbesoeasilyadoptedbyALRobotsareunlikelyto33inthe"work”

oftakingcareofchildren,preparinglunchboxesanddoingthelaundry.

Thosewhoseworkfallsoutsidethecaring,cleaningorcreativefieldwillstillworkinfuture,just34.

Inabout60%ofoccupations,itisestimatedthatathirdofthetaskscanbeautomated,meaningchangestothewaywe

work.Alarge-scalestudyhaspredictedthatoverthenext20years,although7millionjobswillbetakenoverbyAL

7.2millionnewoneswillbe35asaresult.Sowewillworkinfuture:wejustdon'tknowwhatwe'llbe

doingyet.

21.A.declinedB.increasedC.continuedD.kept

22.A.disagreeB.competeC.cooperateD.identify

23.A.workingB.toughC.leisureD.active

24.A.fantasyB.influenceC.threatD.impression

25.A.joyB.cashC.ambitionD.pressure

26.A.excitedlyB.willinglyC.dramaticallyD.hopefully

27.A.OtherwiseB.StillC.FurthermoreD.Therefore

28.A.speededupB.followedupC.preparedforD.plannedfor

29.A.overworkB.labourC.automationD.science

30.A.dreamsB.modelsC.expectationsD.exceptions

31.A.causeB.ceaseC.surviveD.undergo

32.A.caringB.cleaningC.curingD.coaching

33.A.assistB.existC.believeD.understand

34.A.hardlyB.differentlyC.unfortunatelyD.probably

35.A.lostB.recoveredC.substitutedD.created

（七）

（2024年松江區(qū)一模）

Parishaslongbeenattheheartofthehistoryofflight.ItiswheretheMontgolfierbrotherswentupinthefirst

hot-airballoonin1783,andwhereCharlesLindberghcompletedthefirstone-persontransatlanticareophanejourney

in1927.Nextyear,ifallgoestoplan,Pariswillwitnessthebirthofanotherindustry21,whenVblocopter,a

Germanmakerofelectricaircraft,launchesaflying-taxiserviceduringtheOlympicGames.AttheParisAirshowin

June,Volocopterandsomeofitscompetitorsdisplayedanewgenerationof22flyingmachinesdesignedfor

urbantransport.

Theelectrificationofaviation（航空）hasoftenbeendismissedasapipedream,withbatteriesassumedtoo

heavya___23___fortraditionalfuelinanairbornevehicle.Forlongerjourneys,thatmaywellbetrue.Yetupstarts

likeVolocopterarebettingthatelectrificationcan24aboomindemandforcleanandquickairjourneysover

shorterdistances.

Themainformofaflyingtaxiunder25,calledanelectricvertical(垂直的)take-offandlanding

(eVTOL)aircraft,isexpectedtocarryuptofourpassengersplusapilot.Poweredbybatteries,itispredictedtobe

bothquietenoughtoreducecomplaintsincrowdedcities,andfast:capableofupto300kph,enoughto

comfortably26acar,especiallytheonestuckintraffic.Andoptimistsbelievetheabsenceoftrafficinthe

skywillalsomakeeVTOLswell-suitedto27operation.Theycouldprovehandyfortransportinggoods,

too.Thatvisionhasinspired28predictions.Forexample,MorganStanley,aninvestmentbank,estimates

globalspendingoneVTOLscouldhit$1,000billionby2040!

Regardlessoftheabove29expectations,challengesremain.Oneproblemistechnicalcertification,

whichisturningouttobea(n)30processasaviationregulatorsworkonanentirelynewformofaircraft.

Latelastyear,duetoregulatorydelaysandsomeotherfactors,Joby,aSiliconValleystartup,wasforced

to31itslaunchbyonemoreyearuntil2025.Manyhaveevenlongertogo.Thebiggerquestionis-isthe

businessofflyingtaxis___32___practicable?EVTOLscurrentlyrangeinpricefrom$1millionto$4million.Some

believethattheircostmaycomedownastheindustrydevelops.BrianYutkoofWisk,amakerbackedbyBoeing,

saysthatflying-taxirideswillbeaccessibleto33____inthenearfuture.AndJobypromisesthatitsfareswillbe

comparabletocatchingacommontaxi.34,thereisanoppositebeliefthateVTOLsarelikelytoremain

expensive.Somestudiessuggestthecostcouldendupashighas$7perkilometer,manytimesaregulartaxifare.

Thatmeans,evenwithoutapilot,flyingtaxismayremainaconvenience35onlytoaluckyfew.

Lefsexpectplentymoreexperimentswithelectricaircraftintheyearsahead.

21.A.cooperatorB.competitorC.observerD.pioneer

22.A.wind-drivenB.battery-drivenC.gas-drivenD.solar-driven

23.A.substituteB.shelterC.treatmentD.desire

24.A.regulateB.maintainC.unlockD.reverse

25.A.pressureB.attackC.developmentD.repair

26.A.underestimateB.updateC.outpaceD.overdo

27.A.rigidB.autonomousC.attentiveD.illegal

28.A.daringB.discouragingC.unclearD.ordinary

29.A.technologicalB.unrealisticC.rewardingD.enthusiastic

30.A.efficientB.simpleC.lengthyD.intelligent

31.A.putoffB.speedupC.objecttoD.approveof

32.A.historicallyB.technicallyC.theoreticallyD.economically

33.A.thelearnedB.thedisabledC.theseniorsD.themasses

34.A.FurthermoreB.HoweverC.FortunatelyD.Consequently

35.A.affordableB.valuableC.unbelievableD.unsuitable

（A）

（2024年金山區(qū)一模）

Mathematicshasanimageproblem:fartoomanypeopleareputoffbyitandconcludethatthesubjectjustisn't

forthem.Butoneofthebiggestproblemsishowmathsis41,ascoldanddry.

Ihaveadifferentapproachwhichistorelateabstractmathstoquestionsofpoliticsandsocialjustice.Ihave

taughtfairlymaths-phobic（恐’懼）artstudentsinthiswayandhaveseentheirattitudes42.Theynow

believemathsis43themandcangenuinelyhelpthem.

Atabasiclevel,mathsisfoundedonlogic,sowhenIamteachinglogic,Iusee