學必求其心得，業必貴于專精學必求其心得，業必貴于專精學必求其心得，業必貴于專精三、語法解讀關于直接引語與間接引語1。基本概念引述或轉述別人的話稱為“引語”.直接引用別人的原話，兩邊用引號標出，叫做直接引語。用自己的語言轉述別人的話，不需要引號這叫做間接引語，實際上間接引語大都是賓語從句,其中由祈使句轉換的間接引語除外，其轉換后是不定式。那么直接引語為陳述句、一般疑問句、特殊疑問句和祈使句，轉換為間接引語時,句子的結構、人稱、時態、時間狀語和地點狀語等都要有變化。2.直接引語改為間接引語(1）直接引語為陳述句改為間接引語的例子：Petersaid，“I’moccupiedtoday。”→Petersaidthathewasoccupiedthatday。彼得說那天他沒空。（用that引導從句.)（2)直接引語為一般疑問句改為間接引語的例子：Peterasked，“AmIlateforclass？”→Peteraskedifhewaslateforclass。彼得問他是否遲到了。(用if或whether引導從句。）(3）直接引語為特殊疑問句改為間接引語的例子：Peterasked，“WhatcanIdoforyou，Mary？”→PeteraskedMarywhathecoulddoforher。彼得問瑪麗他能幫什么忙。(4)直接引語為祈使句改為間接引語的例子：Petersaid，“Dressyourselfassoonaspossible,Tom。”→PeterorderedTomtodresshimselfassoonaspossible。彼得要湯姆快點把衣服穿好。以上四種形式較為常用。但是在直接引語變換成間接引語時還有其他詞語的相應變化。①根據句子要求對人稱作相應改變,如上例（1)：Petersaid，“I'moccupiedtoday。”→Petersaidthathewasoccupiedthatday.上例（2）（3)也有同類的變化。②間接引語中的謂語同主句的謂語在時態上要保持一致,如上例(3):Peterasked,“WhatcanIdoforyou,Mary?"→PeteraskedMarywhathecoulddoforher.③還有代詞、時間概念、空間概念的相應變換如下：this→thatthese→thosenow→thentoday→thatdayyesterday→thedaybeforetomorrow→thenext/followingdaythisweek/month→thatweek/monthnextweek/month→thenext/followingweek/monthtwodaysago→twodaysbeforehere→there④間接引語謂語動詞的時態也有相應的變換，例如：一般現在時→一般過去時Petersaid，“I’moccupiedtoday.”彼得說，“今天我沒空。”→Petersaidthathewasoccupiedthatday.彼得說那天他沒空。現在完成時→過去完成時Isaid，“You’veangeredtheteacher.”我說，“你讓老師發火了。”→Itoldhimthathehadangeredtheteacher。我告訴他，他讓老師發火了。一般過去時→過去完成時Shesaid,“Ididn’trecognizeyou。”她說，“我不認得你。”→Sheexplained(tome)thatshehadn’trecognizedme。她（對我）解釋說她認不出是我.現在進行時→過去進行時Heasked，“Isitraining？"他問,“在下雨嗎？"→Heaskedifitwasraining.他問是否在下雨。情態動詞must→must或hadtoHesaid,“Imustgo。”他說，“我得走了。”→Hesaidhemustgo./Hesaidhehadtogo。他說他得走了。should→wouldHesaid，“Ishouldbedelightedtocome。"他說，“我很高興能來。”→Hesaidhewouldbedelightedtocome.他說他很高興來。如果遇到間接引語是普遍真理，可不受時態變化限制,例如：Thegeographyteachersaid，“Theearthgoesaroundthesun。”地理老師說，“地球繞著太陽轉。”→Thegeographyteachersaidthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.地理老師指出地球繞著太陽轉。3。特別提示(1)間接引語中的連詞that是可以省略的.（2)直接引語中的動詞sayto改為tell。單項選擇(1)Heasked_________forthecomputer。A。didIpayhowmuchB。IpaidhowmuchC。howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid解析：賓語從句的語序應該為陳述語序。答案：D(2)“Haveyouseenthefilm?”heaskedme.→Heaskedme_________.A.hadIseenthefilmB.haveIseenthefilmC。ifIhaveseenthefilmD。whetherIhadseenthefilm解析:askedme后接的賓語從句的語序應該為陳述語序。答案：D（3）“Pleaseclosethewindow，”hesaidtome。→He_________me________thewindow。A。saidto；tocloseB。toldto;closingC。asked;tocloseD。saidto；pleaseclose解析：asksb.todosth.“要求某人做某事”。答案：C(4)“Iamateacher，”Jacksaid。→Jacksaid__________。A.thatIamateacherB。IwasateacherC.thatheisateacherD.hewasateacher解析:said后接that引導的賓語從句。答案：D（5）Hesaid,“Mother，theboyisverynaughty。”→He________verynaughty.A.saidhismotherthattheboywasB.saidtohismotherthattheboyisC.toldhismotherthattheboywasD。spoketohismotherthattheboywas解析：saidtohismother后接that引導的賓語從句。答案:C（6）“You’vealreadygotwell,haven'tyou？”sheasked.→Sheasked__________.A.ifIhavealreadygotwell,hadn’tyouB。whetherIhadalreadygotwellC。haveIalreadygotwellD.hadIalreadygotwell。解析：賓語從句的語序應該為陳述語序。答案:B（7)Heasked，“AreyouaPartymemberoraLeaguemember?”→Heaskedme_________。A.amIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberB。wasIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberC.ifIwasaPartymemberoraLeaguememberD.whetherwasIaPartymemberoraLeaguemember。解析：賓語從句的語序應該為陳述語序。答案：C(8)Heasked,“Howareyougettingalong?”→Heasked_________。A。howamIgettingalongB.howareyougettingalongC.howIwasgettingalongD。howwasIgettingalong解析:賓語從句的語序應該為陳述語序。答案:C(9）Hesaid，“Don’tdothatagain.”→He________me________thatagain。Asaidto；nottodoB。saidto;don’tdoC.told;don’tdoD.told;nottodo解析：tellsb.nottodosth.告訴某人不要做某事。答案：D課文濃縮下面的文章為原文的濃縮,仔細閱讀，根據原文章內容將其補充完整，并盡量背誦。Adsareplayinganimportantpartinourlives。Therearesomanyaroundusthatweevenalready1them.Oneofthegoalsofadsisto2peopletobuyproductsorserviceorbelieveinanidea，using3languagesandexcitingimages.Sointhisway，someoftheadscontentsmaybe4。Buttherearelawsto5usfromadstolie。Somecleveronesevenusewordsoftricksforusto6them.Butanotherkindofadsmaybenotthesame.Theyaimtoserveus，to7usortohelpusle