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模塊3形容詞和副詞形容詞定義形容詞是用來說明人或事物特征、性質或狀態的詞形容詞的用法及詞義辨析1(1)作定語,放在名詞之前,復合不定代詞(something,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody等)或復合不定副詞(somewhere,anywhere等)之后。結構示例adj.+名詞aninterestingbook,an
8-year-old
girl,復合不定代詞/不定副詞+adj.There’ssomethinginterestinginthenewspaper.He’dliketolivesomewherequiet.(2)作表語,常跟在系動詞之后。常見系動詞詞有:一是(be),二似乎(seem,appear),三保持(keep/stay/remain),四變(get,turn,become,go),五感官(look,sound,taste,smell,feel)(3)作賓補,跟在賓語之后,常用于“動詞(keep,make,leave,find,feel,think等)+賓語+形容詞”結構中。常用于下面句型:①keepsth+adj.②makesb+adj.
③find/feel/thinkit+adj.+todosth(4)形容詞作主語或賓語“定冠詞the+形容詞”表示一類人,作主語時,謂語動詞用復數。常見的形容詞有good,bad,rich,poor,young,old,deaf,blind,dead等。
Theoldaretakengoodcareofinthiscommunity.在這個社區,老年人被照顧得很好。Hesetupaschoolforthedeafandthedumb.
他創辦了一所聾啞學校。(2)-ing形容詞與-ed形容詞的區別形容詞用法舉例tiring
boringexciting
interesting指事物對人的影響,常用來修飾物,主語一般是物Hefeltexcitedafterwatchingtheexcitingfilm.看完這部令人興奮的電影后,他感到興奮。tired
boredexcited
interested指人對事物的感受,主語一般是人常見的結對詞如下:amazing/amazed
boring/bored
confusing/confused
exciting/excitedsurprising/surpriseddisappointing/disappointed
interesting/interested
moving/moved
puzzling/puzzledtiring/tiredsatisfying/satisfied(3)與形容詞相關的一些特殊句型①Itis+形容詞+todosth.“做某事是……的”★Itis+形容詞(形容詞是描寫事物特性的詞,如easy,difficult,important,pleasant,possible等)+(forsb.)+todosth.“(對某人來說)做某事是……的”。★Itis+形容詞(形容詞是描述人物性格特征的詞,如nice,kind,brave,polite/clever/lazy/careful/foolish等)+ofsb.+todosth.“某人做某事是……的”。②…find/think/makeit+形容詞+todosth.“……發現/認為/使做某事是……的”。如:Ifounditmeaningfultohelpothersinneed.我發現幫助其他有需要的人很有意義。③“too+adj.+todosth.”/“adj.+enough+todosth.”/
太……而不能做某事/足夠……做某事/如此……以至于……Sheistooweaktowalkfarther.她太虛弱,不能再走更遠了。Themoneyisnotenoughformetobuythiscar.
這些錢不夠我買這輛車。※句型轉換:He
is
too
young
to
go
to
school.他太小了,還不能去上學。=Heisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.=Heissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.⑤so+形容詞+that從句/such(+形容詞)+名詞+that從句,
“如此……以至于……”。如:Hewassolazythathewasfiredverysoon.他太懶了,以至于很快就被解雇了。Itwas_______agooddaythatwewentoutforapicnic.=Itwas________goodadaythatwewentoutforapicnic.suchso2.副詞的用法(2024,2022語法選擇考)(1)副詞的一般用法副詞指在句子中表示行為或狀態特征的詞,一般充當狀語,修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞,此外還可修飾整個句子。(2)副詞的位置位置舉例①方式副詞修飾不及物動詞,通常放在被修飾的動詞后面;修飾及物動詞時,一般放在賓語后面It’srainingheavilynow.現在正在下大雨。Shelistenstotheteachercarefully.她認真聽老師講課。位置舉例②程度副詞或頻率副詞一般放在動詞前面Shenearlyrealizedherdreamlastyear.她去年幾乎就要實現她的夢想了。Itoftenrainsinourhometown.在我們家鄉,經常下雨。③程度副詞修飾形容詞或副詞,一般放在被修飾詞前面(enough除外)Mr.Liisverystrict.李老師很嚴格。Hecan’trunfastenough
tocatchupwiththetrain.他的奔跑速度不足以快到能夠追上火車。④及物動詞+副詞及物動詞+副詞+名詞=及物動詞+名詞+副詞pickuptheapple=picktheappleup及物動詞+代詞+副詞(代詞要放中間)pickitup,writeitdown,throwthemawayenough修飾形容詞、副詞時要后置Lucyisbraveenoughtomakefriendswithothers.(3)副詞的分類類別舉例①時間副詞ago,before,already,now,just,soon,then,yet,ever,once,still,late,lately,recently②地點副詞here,there,in,out,back,home,nearby③程度副詞very,much,only,quite,too,so,nearly,enough,fairly,pretty,really,completely④疑問副詞when,where,how,why⑤方式副詞quickly,slowly,carefully,loudly,strongly,happily,suddenly,successfully,safely⑥頻率副詞always,usually,often,sometimes,never,seldom,hardly3.形容詞變成副詞的規律變化規律舉例①直接加-ly構成quick→__________,careful→__________,sudden→_________②以輔音字母加le結尾的詞,去e加-yterrible→_________simple→__________;③以輔音字母加y結尾的詞,改y為i,再加-lyheavy→__________④其他變化true→________,full→_________⑤形容詞與副詞同形fast,early,hard,high,straight等注意:daily,lovely,friendly,lonely,ugly,likely等是形容詞,不是副詞。quicklycarefullysuddenlyterriblyheavilytrulyfullysimply(
)1.—Hi,youlook_______.Whyareyousohappytoday?—Canyoubelieveit?IhavejustmetMissZhou,myfirstteacher!A.excited
B.exciting
C.excite(
)2.—Billyusedtobeshyandquiet,butheisveryoutgoingnow.—Yes.Weareall_______athischanges.A.surprise
B.surprised
C.surprisingBA(
)3.—Doesyourbrotherplaycomputergames?—No,he_______playsthem.Healwaysreadsbooks.A.sometimes
B.often
C.never(
)4.Icould_______understandwhathewassayingbecauseit’s_______tofollowaquickspeaker.A.hard;hardlyB.hard;hard
C.hardly;hard(
)5.Yesterday,LinTao’sspeechonhowtobeagoodvolunteerwas_______wonderfulthatwecouldn’tstopcheeringforhim.A.soB.veryC.tooACC
形容詞、副詞辨析(編者按:重要考點,詞義辨析主要在完形填空中考查,考查的形容詞類型涉及狀態類、情感情緒類、人物性格類等;考查的副詞主要是以-ly結尾的副詞。由于本書篇幅有限,不能收集更多形容詞、副詞辨析的練習,同學們一定要在平時的練習中建立自己的錯題本,將易混的形容詞、副詞分類整理好。)1.常考形容詞歸納種類舉例狀態類true,terrible(8年2考),weak(8年2考),simple,important(2024考),fresh,public,quick,full(8年2考),normal,quiet,popular(2022
&
2023考,8年3考),similar,strange(8年2考),useful,long(8年2考),short(8年2考),thick,thin,ugly,empty,dirty,large,dark,comfortable,rich(8年2考),easy,wide,favourite,right(2021考),past,future(2021考),recent,present,lucky(2023考)一、形容詞的用法:1.作定語:
+
;
+_______2.作表語:
+____________3.作賓補:________________________☆注意:形容詞-ed和-ing的區別:
表人的感受;
表事物性質和特征二、方式副詞的用法:1.
+副詞2.副詞+形容詞Hewas_________ill.(bad/badly)adj.n.不定代/副詞adj.系動詞adj.make/keep+
n.+adj.find/make/thinkitadj.todo
-ed
-ing行為動詞badlylistencarefully種類舉例情感情緒類afraid(8年2考),cheerful(2023考),angry(8年2考),satisfied,nervous(8年2考),bored,interested,crazy,worried,proud(8年2考),relaxed,lonely,surprised,tired,moved(2022考)人物性格類strict,brave,friendly,patient,honest,active,kind2.常考以-ly結尾的副詞歸納Ccrazily瘋狂地carelessly粗心地completely完全地clearly清晰地Eexcitedly興奮地Ffoolishly愚蠢地finally最終(2023考)Hhonestly誠實地Llazily懶散地luckily幸運地lightly輕微地,輕輕地Nnervously焦慮地Ppeacefully安詳地probably大概proudly自豪地Qquickly迅速地Rreally真正地Ssadly悲傷地(8年5考)
safely安全地silently悄悄地,無聲地suddenly突然surprisedly驚訝地simply簡單地seriously認真地(2021考)Uusually通常地(4)too,also,either辨析同這三個詞作副詞用時,都含有“也”的意思。異too只能用于肯定句中,一般放在句尾。also只能用于肯定句中,放在句中。either只能用于否定句中,一般放在句尾。練習①SuMengisinRow1.I’minRow1,
.
②Chinesetake-awayfoodis
popular.
③Wedon’tlikethesamecolours,
.
either
also
too
(6)hard,hardly辨析
hard作形容詞,“艱苦的”;作副詞,“努力地,猛烈地”,如:hardwork(艱苦的工作),workhard(努力工作)。hardly不是hard的副詞形式,而是另外一個詞,意為“幾乎不”。練習①Heworks
.
②He
listenedtome.
hardly
hard
(9)instead,insteadof辨析
instead“代替”,只能單獨使用,常位于句首或句尾。insteadof“代替”,是短語介詞,后面要接名詞、動名詞、代詞或介詞短語。練習①Sheisverytired.Letmego
.
②Shallwehavefish
eggstoday?
insteadof
instead
(16)interesting,
interested,interest辨析interesting形容詞,“有趣的”,常用來形容物。interested形容詞,“感到有趣的”,常用來形容人的感覺。常用詞組:beinterestedin對……感興趣。interest名詞,“興趣,愛好”;動詞,“使某人感興趣”。練習①Thefilmseems
.It
me.Iwanttoseeittomorrow.
②Mybrotherhasmany
.Heis
inbasketballmost.
interested
interests
interests
interesting
(17)pleased,pleasant,pleasure辨析pleased形容詞,“感到高興的”。常用詞組:bepleasedwith對……感到高興/滿意。pleasant形容詞,“令人愉快的”。如:apleasantholiday一個愉快的假期。pleasure名詞,“愉快”。常用詞組:withpleasure十分樂意。練習①We’reall
withthenews.
②Itisa
dinner.
③—Thankyouforyourdinner!
—It’smy
.
pleasure
pleasant
pleased
(18)surprise,surprised,surprising辨析surprise作名詞時,表“驚奇”。常用詞組:insurprise驚奇地;toone’ssurprise使某人驚奇的是。作動詞時,表示“使……驚奇”。surprised形容詞,“感到驚奇的”。常用詞組:besurprisedatsth./besurprisedtodosth.驚訝于做某事。surprising形容詞,“令人驚奇的”。如:Thesurprisingnewssurprisedme.這個令人驚訝的消息使我驚奇。練習①Helookedatmein
.
=Heis
tolookatme.
②Tomy
,hefailedinthiscontest.
③What
news!Heisstillalive.Thenews
us.
surprised/surprises
surprising
surprise
surprised
surprise
一、完形填空基礎練(單項填空)(
)1.Insummer,thetreesweplantedintheschoolare_______withgreenleaves.A.thickB.softC.clearD.light(
)2.—Yourgrandpaclimbedthehillso_______thatIcouldn’tkeepupwithhim.—Hetakesexerciseeveryday.A.quicklyB.difficultlyC.patientlyD.differentlyAA(
)3.Davidisreally_______afterthe1000-meterrace,sohehastotakearest.A.worriedB.boredC.tiredD.sad(
)4._______butsurelywe’remakingprogress.Everysmallstepforwardbringsusclosertoourdream.A.HappilyB.CarefullyC.SlowlyD.Lively(
)5.Theroadisvery_______aftertheheavyrain.Driversarewarnedtodrivecarefullytoavoidaccidents.A.emptyB.dangerousC.beautifulD.dirtyBCC比較級和最高級Youknowthebedfeels________;Sleepinghere___________;YouknowIdreamincolourAnddothethingsIwant;Youthinkyougotthe___________ofme;Thinkyouhadthelastlaugh;Betyouthinkthateverything_________isgone;Thinkyouleftmebrokendown.ThinkthatI’dcomerunningback;Babyyoudon’tknowme;causeyou’redeadwrong;Whatdoesn’tkillyoumakesyou___________;Standalittletaller;Doesn’tmeanI’m_________whenI’malone.Whatdoesn'tkillyoumakesafighter
Footstepseven___________alonebestgoodstrongerlonelylighterwarmer寫出下列詞語的比較級和最高級形式。1.long
_
2.slow
_
3.nice
4.late
_
5.big
_
6.hot
7.fat
_9.easy
10.happy
_
11.careful
fatter
fattest
hotter
hottest
bigger
biggest
later
latest
nicer
nicest
slower
slowest
longer
longest
morecareful
themostcareful
happier
happiest
easier
easiest
單音節形容詞和副詞①一般單詞在詞尾加-er,-est構成②以字母e結尾(e不發音),直接加上-r,-st③重讀閉音節結尾,雙寫詞尾輔音字母,再加-er,-est④輔音字母+y結尾雙音節詞要變y為i,再加-er,-est多音節和雙音節形容詞和副詞①一般要在形容詞和副詞前加more或most構成比較級、最高級形式(2)不規則變化原級比較級最高級good(好的)/well(健康的)_________________bad(壞的)/ill(有病的)/badly(壞地;嚴重地)____________________many/much(多的)____________________little(少的;小的)____________________far(遠的)____________________old(年紀大的)____________________betterbestworseworstmoremostlessleastfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestolder/elderoldest/eldest比較等級變化口訣
比較級要變化,一般詞尾加?er。詞尾若有啞音e,直接加r就可以。
一輔重讀閉音節,輔音字母要雙寫。輔音字母加y,要把y改i。
最高級加?est,前面加the莫忘記。形容詞副詞若是多音節,只把more,most前面寫。
形容詞、副詞原級的用法(2024,2022語法選擇考)句型含義舉例A+謂語動詞+as+原級+as+B(2024語法選擇考)表示A、B兩者程度相同JimisrunningasfastasBruce.Theyareneckandneck.吉姆和布魯斯跑得一樣快。他們旗鼓相當。A+謂語動詞的否定式+as/so+原級+as+B表示“A不如B……”Luckily,theweatherisnotso/asbadasyesterday.幸好天氣沒有昨天那樣糟。句型含義舉例倍數+as+原級+as表示倍數Thistreeisthreetimesastallasthatone.這棵樹是那棵樹的三倍高。(形容詞原級)有表示程度的副詞very,so,too,enough,quite等修飾時(2022語法選擇考)很,十分,非常,足夠地Theboyistooyoung.那個男孩太小了。(
)1.—Lucy,I’mpoorinEnglish.Couldyougivemesomeadvice?—Youcanspeakitas_______aspossible.A.muchB.moreC.most(
)2.—Isyourhairas_______asMary’s?—No,itisn’t.Hersis_______thanmine.A.long;longB.longer;longC.long;longerCA
形容詞、副詞的比較級的用法(2023,2020語法選擇考)比較級表示兩者之間的比較,常見句型如下:
句型舉例(1)“A+謂語動詞+比較級+than+B”表示“A比B……”。HerunsmuchfasterthanTom.他比湯姆要跑得快得多。(2)在比較級前用much,even,still,alot,alittle,abit等詞修飾,表示加強語氣。Hedidhishomeworkmuch
morecarefullythanher.他做家庭作業要比她仔細得多。句型舉例(3)“A+謂語動詞+比較級+than+anyother+單數名詞(+介詞短語)”,或者“A+謂語動詞+比較級+than+theother+名詞復數(+介詞短語)”表示“A比其他任何人或物都……”,有“A是最……”的意思。(2023語法選擇考)Xi’anislargerthananyothercityinShaanxi.=Xi’anislargerthantheothercitiesinShaanxi.西安比陜西的其他任何城市都大。(4)“A+謂語動詞+the+比較級+ofthetwo+…”,表示“A是兩者中較……的”。Heisthemorecareful
ofthetwoengineers.他是兩名工程師中較細心的一個。句型舉例(5)“比較級+and+比較級”,或“moreandmore+多音節形容詞或副詞”表示moreandmore+多音節形容詞或副詞“越來越……”。Winteriscomingandthedaysaregettingcolderandcolder.(6)“the+比較級,the+比較級”,表示“越……,就越……”。Theharderyouwork,thebettergradesyouwillget.(7)“A+謂語動詞+less+原級+than+B”,表示“A不如B……”。Ithinkpopmusicislessbeautifulthanclassicmusic.我認為流行音樂沒有古典音樂那么動聽。【拓展知識】比較級前面一般沒有定冠詞the,但遇到以下句型時要用the。如:Heistheheavierofthetwoboys.他是兩個男孩子中更重的那個。Lilyistheclevererofthetwins.莉莉是雙胞胎中更聰明的那個。(
)1.—UncleWang,couldyoutellmethesecretofyourgoodhealth?—Inmyview,_______vegetablesand_______meat.A.less;lessB.more;moreC.more;less(
)2.Todayismuch_______thanyesterday.Nice!A.coolB.coolerC.thecoolestBC(
)3.Royisagreatdancer.Hedances_______thanothers.A.beautifullyB.morebeautifullyC.lessbeautifully(
)4.Goodluckbelongstohard-workingpeople._______youwork,theluckieryouwillbe.A.TheharderB.HarderC.ThehardestAB(
)5.—Whodoyouthinkwillwintherace,BoborTom?—ItmustbeBob.Ithinkheruns_______.A.fas
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