絕密★啟用前

2024年高考英語終極押題卷03（新高考I卷）解析版

（考試時間：120分鐘試卷滿分：150分）

注意事項：

1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號等填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。

2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮

擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號。回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。

3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在

試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀

一遍。

1.Whatdoesthemanwanttoknow?

A.Theaddress.B.Thetime.C.Theparticipants.

【答案】A

【解析】

【原文】M:I'mlateforwork.Canyoutextmetheaddressofthecomingmeeting?

W:Ifsnotameeting.Ifsagroupsessionwithotherparents.Ifsat4:00p.m.atthegymnexttotheschool.

Theyhaveanemptyhallwecanuse.

2.Whathappenedtothewoman?scomputer?

AIfsbroken.B.It'sdark.C.It'sdead.

【答案】C

【解析】

【原文】W:Goodmorning,everyone.Ifyouallcanseemyslideshow,I'llbeginmyspeech.

M:Excuseme.Youscreenissodark.Didyourlaptopdie?

W:Oh,no!Ithoughttherewasaproblemwiththebrightness.Tilgrabmycharger.

3.Whydoesthemanapologizetothewoman?

A.Hetorehercoat.B.Hedirtiedhercoat.C.Heboughtheracoat.

【答案】B

【解析】

【原文】W:Tim,thisisanewjacket!Howcouldyoubesocareless?

M:Fmsorry!Thecoffeeslippedoutofmyhands.Plldryitwiththiscloth.

W:Itwasalreadytornabitanyway.ButIjustgotitforChristmas.

4.Whatbenefitsdoesonlineteachingbringtothewoman?

A.Sheneedn'tmakelotsofvideocalls.

B.Sheneedn'ttidyaclassroom.

C.Sheneedn'tdrivetowork.

【答案】C

【解析】

【原文】M:HowareyouHndingteachingyourstudentsonline?Imissbeinginaclassroom.

W:Iquitelikeit.IfindIcankeepaneyeonallthestudentsthroughvideocallandIdon'tneedtospendtwo

hoursadayinmycardrivingtotheschool.

5.Whatinformationwasmisunderstoodbythewoman?

A.Thetime.B.Thelocation.C.Thephonenumber.

【答案】A

【解析】

【原文】M:Lefsmeetatthecafeafterworkaround5:50p.m.

W:Ican'thearyou——yourphoneiscuttingout.Areyougoingtowork?

M:No.I'mleavingworkin20minutes—we'llmeetatthecafebefore6:00p.m.

W:OK.Seeyouatthecafeafter6:20p.m.

第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）

聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳

選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的

作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料，回答6、7題。

6.Howlonghasthewomanbeeninswimmingracing?

A.Fouryears.B.Eightyears.C.Tenyears.

7.Whatdoesthewomanworryabout?

A.Herscholarship.B.Herfutureuniversity.C.Herparents.

【答案】6.C7.B

【解析】

原文】M:Victoria,you're18yearsoldnow.Swimmingracesduringyourlastyearofhighschoolare

critical.

W:Ijustcan'tentirelyfocusonourswimteamandonsucceedinginschool.

M:Thepreviousthreeyearsofhighschoolwereeasier.Butthisyear,universitieswillstartobservingyoufor

theirteams.

W:EvenifIgetaswimmingscholarship,whatififsnotforagoodschool?

M:You'vebeencompetingsinceyouwereeightyearsold,andyou'vegotahugeopportunity.

W:Idon'tknowifaswimmingracingcareerwillsatisfymyparents9expectations,especiallyifitmeans

attendinganaverage-qualityschool.

聽第7段材料，回答8至10題。

8.Wherearethespeakers?

A.Ataschool.B.Attheman'soffice.C.Atadoctor'soffice.

9.Whatdoesthemanurgentlyneedtodoaccordingtothewoman?

A.Quithiscurrentjob.B.Changehishabitsandlifestyle.C.Attendmeetingswiththewoman.

10.Howmuchwillthemanpayforthephonecalleachweek?

A.$25.B.$100.C.$400.

【答案】8.C9.B10.A

【解析】

【原文】W:Mr.Holden,you'vecometomyofficealotrecently.Isitthesameissueagain?

M:I'mafraidso.Mychesthurtsallday,andmyheartkeepspounding.

W:Haveyoucutbackondrinkingalcoholandeatingfriedfoods?

M:Ihaven'tgottenaroundtoit.I'vegottoomuchworkandstressattheoffice.

W:It'sessentialtomaintainabalancebetweenhealthandwork-youmustmakeadjustments.Ineverwant

toseeyoubroughttothehospitalbecauseofaheartattack.

M:You'reright.I'vegottothinkaboutmychildren.WhatcanIdo?

W:Lefschatweeklyoverthephonefromnowontomonitoryourprogress.

M:I'vealreadypaid$100percheckup.Howmuchwillthatcost?

W:Throughyourinsurance,ifllonlybeaquarterofthatperweek.

M:Soundsveryreasonable.

聽第8段材料，回答11至13題。

11.WhywasthemaninEngland?

A.Hewasonbusinessthere.B.Hewasvisitingthere.C.Hemovedthere.

12.WheredidthewomaneverseetheQueen?

A.InIndia.B.InEngland.C.InCanada.

13.Whichofthefollowingishardforthekingaccordingtotheman?

A.Beingtooold.B.Livingafulllife.C.Comingtopowersuddenly.

【答案】11.B12.A13.C

【解析】

【原文】W:DidyouhaveagoodtimeonholidayinEngland?

M:Yes,itwasgreattogosomewherewhenitwasn'tforbusiness.IwentthereinmemoryofQueen

ElizabethILIwenttoseeherpalace.

W:Didyou?Severalyearsago,IsawheronatriptoIndia.Shewavedatthecrowd—Ialwaysfeltshewas

wavingatme!DidyouknowsheruledlongerthananykingorqueeninBritishhistory?Infact,sheruled

for70yearsintotal!

M:Thatisalongtime.Howoldwasshewhenshedied?

W:Shewas96.She'dbeenqueeneversinceherfatherdiedin1952.

M:Shecertainlylivedafulllifethen.

W:Thafsright.Evenfairlyoldpeoplecannotrememberatimewhenshewasn'tqueen.Butnowhersonhas

takenoverattheageof73.

M:He'sprettyoldhimself!

W:Iknow!KingCharlesIIIisnolongeryoung!

M:Itmustbereallyhardforhimtobekingsuddenly.Justthinkofallthespeecheshe'llhavetogiveata

timewhenheisreallysad...Anyway,whereareyougoingforyourholiday?

W:FmthinkingofFrance,ormaybeCanada!

聽第9段材料，回答14至17題。

14.Whenisthewomansupposedtofinishheressay?

A.BynextFriday.B.BynextMonday.C.BythisSaturday.

15.Whyisthewomanbehindwithherwritingclass?

A.Shewasabitcold.B.Thecourseistoodifficult.C.Shemissedsomelessons.

16.Whatdoesthemanthinkofhiscollegelife?

A.Busy.B.Boring.C.Colorful.

17.Whatisthewomanprobablygoingtodoonthe28th?

A.Visitanexhibition.B.Attendaparty.C.Watchaplay.

【答案】14.A15.C16.C17.B

【解析】

【原文】M:HiLorna!Youseembusy.

W:Oh,hi!Youcan'timaginewhatIhavetofinishbynextMonday!TheEnglishliteraturecourseisso

difficult!IhavetoreadtwonovelsbynextMondayandcomparethemina3,000wordessaybynextFriday.

M:SoIsupposeyoudon'twanttocometoanexhibitionwithmethisSaturday?

W:Fdlovetobutthere'snoway.I'malreadybehindwithmywritingclassbecauseIhadacoldforaweek

andmissedafewlessons.IfsOKforyou.Youseemtohaveloadsoffreetime.

M:Iguesswejustdon'thaveasmuchacademicworkasyou.Mycollegelifeisinterestingcomparedwith

yours.They'revarietiesofliveperformancesasanartmajor.

W:Yes.I'mboredwiththelifeofreadingandwritingeverydaynow.

M:Hey.Whydon'twestoptalking?Justworknow.Ifyouhavefinishedeverythingbythe16th,wecouldgo

tothatnewplaybytheUniversityTheaterGroup.

W:OK.Tiltry.AndTdon'twanttomissthestudentpartyonthe28th,soI'dbettergetworking.

聽第10段材料，回答18至20題。

18.Wheredidthemancomefrom?

A.India.B.AcountryintheSouthPacific.C.TheAndamanSea.

19.Howdoesthemanwanttoleavetheisland?

A.Byfindingawaytofixhisboat.

B.Byseekingthehelpoflocalpeople.

C.Bygettingrescuedbyanairplane.

20.Whatisthemanmostfrightenedabout?

A.Beingattackedbysearobbers.

B.Runningoutoffoodandwater.

C.Beingtrappedontheislandforever.

【答案】18.B19.A20.C

【原文】Dearjournal,Fvebeentrappedonthisislandfortwomonthsandcanonlykeeptrackofthedaysby

mymarkingsinacave.I'veentirelygivenuphopeongettingrescuedbyaplane.Theaircraftthatflybyare

muchtooinfrequentandfarawaytobeofanyhelp.Also,inthispartoftheIndianOcean,thereisnooneon

theisland.I'vesearchedthisislandfarandwide,andI'mforcedtoeatmushrooms,insects,andsmallfish.

Luckily,thereareenoughcoconutstolastalifetime.FmwritingthistofeellikeIhavecontactwithsomeone

duetomonthswithoutoutsidecommunication.Iescapedthemassiveviolentconflictinmycountryinthe

SouthPacific,andIsoughthelpfromIndia.There,I'dbetakeninandcouldlegallysettleinadifferent

country.Ifitwasn'tfbrfacingtherandomtyphoonwhilecrossingtheAndamanSea,Iwouldhavemadeit,

evenifmyboatwasn'tperfect.TherewasnothingIcouldhavedonetopreventthisstorm.Theprimary

issuenowislackinganymethodofcontactingemergencysupport.Mysatellitephoneisunreliableandhas

nowproventobeofnouseatall.Myhopenowistofindawoodsupplytogetmyboatfunctioningagain.If

not,I'llhavetofacemygreatestpanic:beingstuckonthisislandforever.

第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。

A

FourUniqueFestivalsInEurope

Anythingthatexistsordoesn'texistcanbethemainthemeofoneofEurope9sfestivals.Addexcitementto

yourfuturetravelplanswiththeseunusualevents.

BattleoftheOranges,Ivrea,Italy

EveryyearonthethirdweekofFebruary,theItaliantownofIvreaturnsintoabattlefieldfilledwithoranges,

whereparticipantslaunch600,000kilogramsoforangesateachotherduringthehistoriccarnivalofthecity.

Accordingtohistory,theBattleoftheOrangesaimedtoreconstructa12th-centurybattlebetweenthelocalsand

Napoleon'sroyalarmy.

AirGuitarWorldChampionships,Oulu,Finland

Anyonecantrytoplaytheguitar,butittakesaspecialtalenttoplayaninvisibleguitar.EveryAugust,musical

instrumentartistsfromallovertheworldflocktonorthernFinland,puttingtheirbestonstage“shamelessly”with

theirinvisibleinstrumentstocompetefortheevent.HeldinconjunctionwiththeOuluMusicVideoFestival,this

contestsince1996hasbeenaimingtopromoteworldpeace.

RunningoftheBulls,Pamplona,Spain

Thisinternationallyrecognizedevent,whichstartsonJuly7th,hasgrownmassively.Itoriginatedfrommen

usingfearandexcitementtohurrytheprocessoftakingcattletomarket.Nowadaystheeventisalotmore

organized,andthousandsnowrunthroughabarricaded（設(shè)路障的）coursebeingchasedbyathunderingherdof

bulls!

KettlewellScarecrow（稻草人）Festival,Kettlewell,Britain

Inmedievaltimes,farmersinEnglandwouldoftenmakeuniquehumandollsoutofstrawtochaseaway

fierceanimalsandbirds,andplacetheminthefieldstoprotectthecrops.Later,thistraditiongraduallyevolved

intothisnationalfarmers?festival.FortwoweeksinAugust,avarietyofactivitieshaveemerged,includingthe

finelycraftedscarecrowproduction,andcompetingforthechampioninthecompetition.

21.Whichfestivalhasitsoriginrelatedwithawarinhistory?

A.BattleoftheOranges.

B.AirGuitarWorldChampionships.

C.RunningoftheBulls.

D.KettlewellScarecrowFestival.

22.WhatfeaturestheAirGuitarWorldChampionships?

A.Itisintendedtoappealtospecialtalentsonstage.

B.Itsparticipantsperformwithimaginaryinstruments.

C.ItsparticipantsarelimitedtopeopleinnorthernFinland.

D.Itprovidesparticipantswithspecially-madeinstruments.

23.Whatdothelasttwofestivalshaveincommon?

A.Theytakeplaceatthesametime.

B.Theysharethesimilarcelebrations.

C.Theyoriginatedfromtraditionalpractice.

D.Theyshowedtheabundanceofthelocals.

【答案】21.A22.B23.C

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了歐洲四個獨特的節(jié)日的情況。

21.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Accordingtohistory,theBattleoftheOrangesaimedtoreconstructa

12th-centurybattlebetweenthelocalsandNapoleon'sroyalarmy.（根據(jù)歷史記載，奧蘭治之戰(zhàn)旨在重現(xiàn)12

世紀(jì)當(dāng)?shù)厝伺c拿破侖皇家軍隊之間的戰(zhàn)斗）”可知，BattleoftheOranges的起源與歷史上的戰(zhàn)爭有關(guān)。故選

Ao

22.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Anyonecantrytoplaytheguitar,butittakesaspecialtalenttoplayan

invisibleguitar.（任何人都可以嘗試彈奏吉他，但彈奏隱形吉他需要特殊的才能）”可知，AirGuitarWorld

Championships的特色是參與者用想象的樂器表演。故選B。

23.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Itoriginatedfrommenusingfearandexcitementtohurrytheprocessof

takingcattletomarket.（它起源于人們利用恐懼和興奮來加快趕牛到市場的過程）”以及最后一段“In

medievaltimes,farmersinEnglandwouldoftenmakeuniquehumandollsoutofstrawtochaseawayfierce

animalsandbirds,andplacetheminthefieldstoprotectthecrops.Later,thistraditiongraduallyevolved

intothisnationalfarmers9festival.（在中世紀(jì)，英國的農(nóng)民經(jīng)常會用稻草制作獨特的人偶來驅(qū)趕兇猛的動物

和鳥類，并把它們放在田地里保護(hù)莊稼。后來，這個傳統(tǒng)逐漸演變成這個全國性的農(nóng)民節(jié)日產(chǎn)可知，最后

兩個節(jié)日的共同之處在于都起源于傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗。故選C。

B

HavingbeenbasedinThailandforsevenyears,Iwasinformedmyvisawasnolongerlegallyacceptable,

whichmeantthatIhadtoquitthejobthatIwassucceedinginandleavebehindthiswonderfullifeIhadbuilt.Ifelt

very,verydown.Then,afriend,awareofwhatIwasgoingthrough,messaged:canseeyouwalkingaround

GreatBritainandthenwritingabookonit.”

Threeweekslater,Ididjustthat.AnotherfriendsuggestedthatIsetupanInstagramaccounttodocument

myjourney,whichIdid,andsoIsetoffwithjustasleepingbag.WhenItookthosefirststeps,Iknewthisjourney

wouldchangemylife,butnotinthewayitdid.Allofasudden,Istartedtofeelbetter,clearerandhappieroutin

nature,walking.Irememberwhatthefirstdayswerelike.Iwalkedthesouthwestcoastalpathfor635miles.Its

roughlandandbeautifulscenerywereinequalmeasure,anditchallengedmeeveryday.

Imetsomanypeoplewhobecamemyfriendsveryquicklyandsupportedmeinmanyways.Mentally,Ifelt

strongeratthispoint.Ofcourse,withtheenormousamountsofmileswalkedandthechallengingweather

conditionsthatIfaced,Ihadtheoccasionalhesitation.Butwhenthisdidhappen,rdjustremindmyselfofwhatI'd

achievedandtheoverwhelmingsupportthatI'dhadtogetmethrough.Finally,inApril,Ifinishedmywalkaround

theUK.

Iwascheerful,Ifeltproud,andIneverimaginedinmywildestdreamsIcoulddoit.Butquicklyafter,I

realizedIhadmoreinme.ThewalkhadchangedmylifesomuchthatIwantedtopayitforwardandhelppeople

likethepreviousversionofmethathadbeenleftinthepast.SoIdecidedtodoitagain-thistimein12months,

andfor12charities.Andthat'swhatI'mdoingnow.

24.WhydidtheauthorwalkaroundtheUK?

A.Tofindinspiration.B.Toremovedepression.

C.Tomeetafriend9srequest.D.Toescapefromreality.

25.Whatcanweknowabouttheauthor'sjourneyfromparagraph2?

A.Itwasrefreshing.B.Itwasdocumentedbyafriend.

C.Itturnedoutsmoothjustasexpected.D.Itprovedmorechallengingthansatisfying.

26.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor?

A.Modest.B.Outgoing.C.Smart.D.Determined.

27.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.StepOutofYourComfortZoneB.SomethingbeyondWalkinginLife

C.WalkaroundtheUKforCharitiesD.ALife-ChangingTouraroundtheUK

【答案】24.B25.A26.D27.D

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。講述了作者在因簽證到期而失去工作之后環(huán)游英國，擺脫抑郁情緒的故事。

24.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Ifeltvery,verydown.Then,afriend,awareofwhatIwasgoingthrough,

messaged:“IcanseeyouwalkingaroundGreatBritainandthenwritingabookonit."（我感至！|非常非常沮

喪。后來，一個朋友知道了我的經(jīng)歷，給我發(fā)了一條信息：“我能想象你在英國到處走，然后寫了一本書。

可知，作者因簽證到期失去工作之后感到郁悶；在朋友的建議下，作者開始環(huán)游英國，由此可推知，作者

是為了擺脫抑郁的心情。故選B。

25.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“AHofasudden,Istartedtofeelbetter,clearerandhappieroutinnature,

walking（突然間，我開始在大自然中散步，感覺更好、更清新、更快樂。戶可知，旅行讓作者感到愉悅、

清新和幸福。由此可推知，該旅行讓作者神清氣爽。故選A。

26.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Butwhenthisdidhappen,PdjustremindmyselfofwhatFdachievedand

theoverwhelmingsupportthatPdhadtogetmethrough.（但當(dāng)這種情況真的發(fā)生時，我會提醒自己我所取

得的成就，以及支持我度過難關(guān)的強大力量。）”可知，作者很有決心，有毅力。故選D。

27.主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是根據(jù)文章第一段中“Ifeltvery,verydown.Then,afriend,awareofwhat

Iwasgoingthrough,messaged:"IcanseeyouwalkingaroundGreatBritainandthenwritingabookonit.”

（我感到非常非常沮喪。后來，一個朋友知道了我的經(jīng)歷，給我發(fā)了一條信息：“我能想象你在英國到處走，

然后寫了一本書。”）“、第二段中“Threeweekslater,Ididjustthat.（三周后，我就這么做了。）”、最后一段

中“ThewalkhadchangedmylifesomuchthatIwantedtopayitforwardandhelppeopleliketheprevious

versionofmethathadbeenleftinthepast.SoIdecidedtodoitagain-thistimein12months,andfor12

charities.AndthafswhatPmdoingnow.（這次步行極大地改變了我的生活，我想把它傳遞出去，幫助那些

像過去留下的以前的我一樣的人。所以我決定再做一次——這次是12個月后，為了12個慈善機(jī)構(gòu)。這就

是我現(xiàn)在正在做的。產(chǎn)可知，本文主要講述了作者通過環(huán)游英國擺脫抑郁，并進(jìn)一步打算通過這種方式做

慈善的故事。環(huán)游英國的主題貫穿全文。選項D“ALife?ChangingTouraroundtheUK（改變?nèi)松挠?/p>

旅）”符合題意。故選D。

C

Yes,havingabignameinsciencewillhelpgetyourpaperpublished,anewstudyconfirms.Involving

hundredsofresearchersreviewinganeconomicspaper,thestudyfoundthatreviewersweremorelikelyto

recommendacceptancewhenthepaperwasassociatedwithafamousauthorcomparedtoalesser-knownone.

TheMattheweffect,atermcoinedin1968todescribethisprejudice,hasbeenatopicofconcernamong

scientistsforyears.However,previouseffortstodocumentthisprejudicehadlimitationssuchassmallsamplesizes

orlackofrandomization.Toaddresstheseissues,ateamfromtheUniversityofInnsbruckconductedanextensive

study.

Theteamsentemailstoabout3,300researchers,invitingthemtoreviewaneconomicspaperforareal

journal.Thepaperhadtwoauthors:VernonSmith,aNobelPrizewinner,andSabiouInoua,oneofSmith'sformer

Ph.D.students.Thepotentialreviewersreceivedoneofthreedescriptionsofthepaper:onementioningonlySmith,

anothermentioningonlyInoua,andathirdwithnoauthormentioned.Oftheresearcherswhoagreedtoreviewthe

paper,Smith'sfameinfluencedtheirresponses.WhengivenonlySmith'sname,38.5%acceptedtheinvitationto

review,whilethefigureswere30.7%forthosegivennonameand28.5%forthosegivenonlyInoua'sname.

Tofurtheravoidprejudice,theteamrandomlyassignedthe313reviewerswhoinitiallyreceivednoauthor's

nametoreviewoneofthreepapers:onecreditedtoSmithalone,anothertoInouaalone,andathirdwithnoauthors

listed.ReviewersratedthepapercreditedtoSmiththehighest,praisingitsinclusionofnewinformationand

data-supportedconclusions.Theversionwithnoauthorsreceivedrecommendationsforacceptancefrom24%of

reviewers,morethandoublethepercentagefortheversioncreditedonlytoInoua.

Theteamwarnedagainstevaluatingidenticalworkdifferentlybasedontheauthor'sidentityandsuggested

thatdouble-blindreviewsmayreducetheprejudice.However,thisapproachmaynotbeeffectiveasreviewerscan

oftenidentifyauthorsthroughpreprintsorconferencepresentations.

28.Whatdoestheterm“theMattheweffecf,refertoaccordingtothispassage?

A.Atopicofpublicconcern.B.Apreferenceinpublication.

C.Adocumentdescribingcoins.D.Awaytogetpapersaccepted.

29.WhydidtheteamfromtheUniversityofInnsbruckcarryouttheextensivestudy?

A.Toreviewaneconomicspaper.B.Tofindfaultwithpriorstudies.

C.Tofurtherinvestigateaneffect.D.Tostudyhowtoreleasepapers.

30.Whatarepresentedinparagraphs3and4?

A.Datareceptionandrelease.B.Paperdescriptionandscores.

C.Researchmethodsandfindings.D.Authors5identitiesandresponses.

31.Whatdoestheteamsuggesttoreducetheprejudice?

A.Revisingthereviewmethod.B.Readingtheonlinepreprint.

C.Assessingdifferentworks.D.Addingnewinformation.

【答案】28.B29.C30.C31.A

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇科普說明文。文章主要介紹了科學(xué)界中馬太效應(yīng)的一個實證研究，該效應(yīng)描述了在科

學(xué)研究中對著名作者存在的偏見，以及這種偏見對論文發(fā)表機(jī)會的影響并提出了減少這種偏見的可能方法。

28.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“TheMattheweffect,atermcoinedin1968todescribethisprejudice,has

beenatopicofconcernamongscientistsforyears.However,previouseffortstodocumentthisprejudicehad

limitationssuchassmallsamplesizesorlackofrandomization.Toaddresstheseissues,ateamfromthe

UniversityofInnsbruckconductedanextensivestudy.（馬太效應(yīng)是1968年創(chuàng)造的一個術(shù)語，用來描述這種

偏見，多年來一直是科學(xué)家們關(guān)注的話題。然而，先前記錄這種偏見的努力存在局限性，例如樣本量小或

缺乏隨機(jī)化。為了解決這些問題，來自因斯布魯克大學(xué)的一個團(tuán)隊進(jìn)行了一項廣泛的研究。產(chǎn)可知，“馬太

效應(yīng)”被描述為“對著名作者的偏見”和“基于作者身份對相同作品的不同評價”。它用來描述審稿人在接受與

著名作者相關(guān)的論文時，相比于鮮為人知的作者，所表現(xiàn)出的偏見。這清楚地表明，它指的是出版過程中

的偏好或偏見。故選B。

29.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“TheMattheweffect,atermcoinedin1968todescribethisprejudice,has

beenatopicofconcernamongscientistsforyears.However,previouseffortstodocumentthisprejudicehad

limitationssuchassmallsamplesizesorlackofrandomization.Toaddresstheseissues,ateamfromthe

UniversityofInnsbruckconductedanextensivestudy.（馬太效應(yīng)是1968年創(chuàng)造的一個術(shù)語，用來描述這種

偏見，多年來一直是科學(xué)家們關(guān)注的話題。然而，先前記錄這種偏見的努力存在局限性，例如樣本量小或

缺乏隨機(jī)化。為了解決這些問題，來自因斯布魯克大學(xué)的一個團(tuán)隊進(jìn)行了一項廣泛的研究。產(chǎn)可知，該團(tuán)

隊進(jìn)行了一項廣泛的研究是為了深入調(diào)查這一效應(yīng)，而不是簡單地回顧一篇經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)論文、找先前研究的錯

誤或研究如何發(fā)布論文。故選C。

30.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Theteamsentemailstoabout3,300researchers,invitingthemtoreview

aneconomicspaperforarealjournal.（該團(tuán)隊向大約3300名研究人員發(fā)送了電子郵件，邀請他們?yōu)橐环菡?/p>

正的期刊審閱一篇經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)論文。）“、第四段"Tofurtheravoidprejudice,theteamrandomlyassignedthe313

reviewerswhoinitiallyreceivednoauthor'snametoreviewoneofthreepapers:onecreditedtoSmithalone,

anothertoInouaalone,andathirdwithnoauthorslisted.（為了進(jìn)一步避免偏見，研究小組隨機(jī)分配了313

名最初沒有收到作者姓名的審稿人，讓他們分別審查三篇論文中的一篇：一篇是Smith一個人的論文，另

一篇是Imrna一個人的論文，還有一篇沒有作者的論文。）”可知，在這兩段中，首先介紹了研究團(tuán)隊使用

的實驗方法，即他們模擬了經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域論文的同行評審過程，并詳細(xì)說明了實驗的具體步驟。接著，在第4

段中，他們呈現(xiàn)了研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)，即論文的作者身份確實對審稿人的評分有顯著影響，這進(jìn)一步驗證了“馬太

效應(yīng)”的存在。因此，這兩段主要介紹了研究方法和發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選C。

31.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段"Theteamwarnedagainstevaluatingidenticalworkdifferentlybasedon

theauthor'sidentityandsuggestedthatdouble-blindreviewsmayreducetheprejudice.However,this

approachmaynotbeeffectiveasreviewerscanoftenidentifyauthorsthroughpreprintsorconference

presentations.（該團(tuán)隊警告說，不要根據(jù)作者的身份對相同的作品進(jìn)行不同的評估，并建議雙盲評審可能會

減少偏見。然而，這種方法可能并不有效，因為審稿人通常可以通過預(yù)印本或會議演講來識別作者。）”可

知，研究人員認(rèn)為減少偏見的唯一方法是修改評審方法。因此，團(tuán)隊建議的是修訂評審方法以減少偏見。

故選Ao

D

Conflictincommunitiesisusuallyaboutthetaskortheperson.Ofcourse,sometimesifshardtoseparate

onefromtheother.

Taskconflicthappenswhenpeoplehavedifferentideasofwhatneedstobedone.Itpointstopotential

differencesinopinionabouteverythingyoucanimaginethatisessentialforagroup:mission,prioritiesoftasks,

compensationmechanism（機(jī)制），decision-makingmechanisms,etc.Taskconflictisnotaproblemwhenpeople

realizethesourceoftheconflictisthetaskandnotthepeople.Communitymembersmustresolvetension

inclusivelywitheveryone'svoicebeingheardandacknowledged.However,thisdoesnotmeanthatthesolution

mustincludeeveryone'sopinion.Aftertheconversation,everyoneshouldfeelthattheyhadafairchancetoexpress

theiropinionandthatitwastakenseriouslybyothersandnotbrushedaside.

Conflictbetweenpeopleistrickybecauseit'sattackingaperson'sessenceandself-worth.Oftenthisformof

conflict,relationshipconflict,happenswhentwoconditionsaremet:First,peoplehavedifferentvaluesorare

holdingdifferentassumptions,andsecondly,neitherpartycanseebeyondtheirownbiases.Withrelationship

conflict,thepersonisperceivedtobetheproblemandisbeingattackedbyothers.Eachpartyassumesthatmost

peopleareontheirsideandthattheotherpersonisactingoutofself-interest.Thiseventuallyleadstopeople

disagreeingwitheachother,notfbrthetask'ssakebuttoprovetheotherpersoniswrong.

Sometimesconflictoriginatesinatask.Peoplemightpreferdifferenttoolsordifferentapproaches.Ifthis

initialcontroversyisignoredornotdealtwithappropriately,therelativelyeasytaskconflictturnsintoamore

complexrelationshipconflict.Whenrelationshipconflictoccurs,alotofthingsarereactiveratherthanreflective.

Peoplestopthinkingandactimpulsively（沖動地）.

Allinall,rememberthateveryculturehasitsownwayofhandlingconflict.Somepeopleconsiderit

dishonestifanargumentisnotaddressedopenly,whileinothercultures,suchadiscussionwillnotbeacceptable.It

comesdownto"Don'tassumeeveryonethinkslikeyou”.

32.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“brushedaside“inParagraph2mean?

A.Approved.B.Ignored.C.Swept.D.Denied.

33.Whichofthefollowingisarelationshipconflict?

A.Erichasaquarrelwithhisgirlfriendinshoppingmall.

B.Groupmembersaredebatingwhichapproachestobeused.

C.Tomiscriticizedbyhisbestfriendforbeingirresponsible.

D.Twoneighborshaveabigargumentovercommunityhealthissues.

34.Whatcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraph?

A.Relationshipconflictoriginatesf