學必求其心得，業必貴于專精學必求其心得，業必貴于專精學必求其心得，業必貴于專精Module5GreatPeopleandGreatInventionsofAncientChina功能Givingreasons（給出理由）Ilike.。。because。。./Thereasonwhy.。。isthat..。句型1．InancientChina，privateteacherstravelledfromstatetostateexplainingtheirphilosophy.動詞的非謂語形式的用法.2．Butitwasalsoatimewhenthereweremanygreatphilosophers.when引導的定語從句。3．Menciusbelievedthatthereasonwhymanisdifferentfromanimalsisthatmanisgood。why引導的定語從句以及that引導的表語從句的用法。語法限制性定語從句（Definingattributiveclauses：ofwhom/inwhich)寫作寫一篇議論性短文（Adiscursiveessay）考點定語從句Theinventionofthetelephone電話是當今社會最普遍、最實用的通訊工具之一.1876年世界上第一部電話誕生。電話的發明者亞歷山大·格雷厄姆·貝爾，從小就受到家庭的熏陶，對聲學和語言學產生了興趣……Inthenineteenthcentury，theinventionofthetelegraphmadeitpossibletosendvoices，signals（信號），andevenmusicoverwires（電線）fromoneplacetoanother。However，thehumanvoicehadnevertraveledinthisway._1．_andin1876someoftheireffortspaidoff。TwoAmericaninventors.AlexanderGrahamBellandElishaGray，succeededatalmostthesametime.TheUnitedStatesSupremeCourtfinallyhadtodecidewhichofthetwowasthefirstinventorofthetelephone。TheCourtdecidedinBell'sfavor.BorninEdinburgh，Scotland,Bellgrewupinafamilythatwasveryinterestedinteachingpeopletospeak.Hisgrandfatherhadbeenanactorwholeftthetheatretoteachelocution（演說術）．Hisfatherwasateacherwhohelpedthedeaflearnhowtospeak.In1871，theyearaftertheBell’sarrivalinCanada，youngAlexanderfoundajobintheUnitedStates。HewashiredasateacherinanewschoolforthedeafinBoston,Massachusetts.HetaughtthereandatotherUnitedStatesschools。Finally，heopenedaschoolofhisown。Bellthoughtthatifhecouldmakespeechvisible（看得見的)byactuallyshowingthevibrations（震動）ofthevoice，hecouldteachhisdeafpupilstomakethesamevibrationsthemselves。Belltriedtofindawaytoreproducethevibrationsbyelectricalmeans.Hisassistant，Watson，workedwithhimforalmostfouryears。_2．_Whentheirmoneyranout，theypersuadedsomebusinessmentohelpthemwithmoney。Onedayin1874，Bellwasathisreceiverintheroom，tryingtocatchthesignalssentbyWatsonfromanotherroom。Suddenlyheheardatwang.BellrushedintoWatson'sroomandshouted，“Whatdidyoudothen?”HefoundthatthesoundhadbeenmadebychancewhentwopiecesofmetalhadstucktogetherandcarriedtoBelloverthewire.Afterthisdiscovery，alltheyhadtodowastofindthebestkindsofmaterialsforcarryingthehumanvoiceoverwires。Thebasicprinciplehadbeendiscovered.NotlongafterBell’sinvention，telephonecompanieswereestablishedintheUnitedStates，GreatBritain，Franceandmanyothercountries.誘思探究:Choosethecorrectsentencestofillintheblanksinthetext.A．Theyspentalltheirsparetime，aswellastheirsparemoney，ontheirexperimentsB．BellneverlostinterestinhelpingthedeafC．ManyinventorstriedtofindawaytosendavoiceoverwiresⅠ．詞匯拓展1．______adj.平等的→______n.平等2．______n.秩序→______adj。有秩序的;整齊的3．______vt。強調→______adj.緊張的4．______vi.辭職→______adj。已辭職的；已放棄的→______n。辭職5．______n。顧問→______v。建議→______n.建議6．______adj.有影響的→______n.&v。影響7．______n。誠實→______adj.誠實的8．______n。貢獻→______v。貢獻9．______n.發明家→______vt。發明→______n.發明10．______n。爭論；辯論;議論→______v。爭論；辯論Ⅱ．短語互譯1．______對……作出貢獻2．______與……相似3．______責任感4．______因……而爭論5．______與……交戰6．bringup______7．beproudof______8．intheway______9．asfollows______10．inconclusion______Ⅲ．重點句型1．InancientChina，privateteacherstravelledfromstatetostate______theirphilosophy。在古代中國，私人教師同游列國解釋他們的哲學.2．Butitwasalsoatime______thereweremanygreatphilosophers.但那也是一個產生眾多哲學家的時期。3．Mencius____________thereason______manisdifferentfromanimalsis______manisgood。孟子認為人不同于動物的原因是人是善良的。在預習中還有哪些問題需要你在聽課時加以關注?請在下列表格中做個備忘吧！我的學困點我的學疑點答案：主題導讀誘思探究：1．C2．A基礎導練Ⅰ．1．equal；equally2．order；orderly3．stress；stressful/stressed4．resign；resigned;resignation5．adviser；advise；advice6．influential；influence7．honesty；honest8．contribution；contribute9．inventor；invent；invention10．argument；argueⅡ．1．makecontributionsto2．besimilarto3．asenseofresponsibility4．arguefor5．beatwarwith6．養育;嘔吐7．為……自豪8．擋路；礙事9．如下10．總之Ⅲ．1．explaining2．when3．believedthat；why；thatSectionⅠIntroduction＆ReadingandVocabularyⅠ．ReadthepassageonP43carefullyandfillintheblanks.NameLifespan1．______InfluenceConfucius551BC。479BCHebelievedthat2．______，dutyand3．______playedanimportantpartinsociety。Hisinfluencehasbeenthegreatest.HisideashaveinfluencedChinesesocietyforover4．______years。5．____372BC-289BC●HisteachingswereverysimilartothoseofConfucius。●Hebelievedthatthereasonwhymanisdifferentfromanimalsisthatmanis6．____.●Hethoughtthatpeopleweremore7．______thanrulers，andhatedthestatewhenittreatedpeoplebadly.Mozi476BC。390BC●Heconsideredthat8．______wasofgreatimportance.●Hebelievedallmenwere9．______.●Hetaughtthatweshouldloveallhumanbeingsandlookafterthosewhoare10．______thanourselves?！馠ehatedtheideaofwar。Hewasanotherteacherwhowasveryinfluential。Ⅱ．ReadthepassageonP43carefullyagainandchoosethebestanswers.1．______believedthatpeoplearemoreimportantthanrulers。A．MenciusB．MoziC．KingsD．Confucius2．______becamefamousforhisunusualclothesandbehaviour。A．ConfuciusB．MenciusC．MoziD．Ancientpeople3．Mozi’sideaoflovewas______theConfucianideaofkindness.A．differentfromB．thesameasC．morepracticalthanD．lesspowerfulthan4．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue？A．Confucius'sinfluencehasbeengreaterthanthatofMenciusandMozi。B．ConfuciuslivedshorterthanMozi.C．Mozilivedapoorlifewhenhewasyoung。D．Menciusworkedforonlyoneruler。5．WhichofthefollowingbeliefsofMoziissimilartothoseofConfucius?A．Hetaughtweshouldloveallhumanbeings。B．Hethoughtthatwhetherpeopleweregooddependedonthegovernment.C．Hebelievedthatpeopleweremoreimportantthanrulers。D．Hethoughtthatgovernmentwasmostimportant。1．Mencius’sideaswereverysimilartothoseofConfucius，butsomeofMozi'sthoughtswereverydifferent.（P41）孟子的思想和孔子的思想相似，但墨子的思想中的一些卻大相徑庭。（1）besimilarto與……相似Yourviewsoneducationaresimilartomine。你的教育觀點和我的相似。Thetwoanimalsaresimilartoeachotherinappearance。這兩只動物外表很相似。besimilarin在……方面相似similarlyadv。相同地；同樣地(可以修飾動詞，也可以修飾整句）similarityn.類似;相似點(2）those是替代詞,代替前面的ideas,those是that的復數形式。Hisideasaredifferentfromthose（＝theideas）ofhisfriends。他和他朋友們的想法不一樣。Studentswhodowellinexamsarethose(＝thestudents）whoaskquestionsinclass.考試成績好的都是上課愛提問的學生。(1）介詞填空①Myopinionsonthematteraresimilar______Bob's.②Goldissimilar______colourtobrass。（2）單項選擇①StudyingWendy’smenu，Ifoundthatmanyoftheitemsaresimilarto______ofMcDonald’s.A．thoseB．onesC．anyD．all②TheUnitedStateswonmostofthetrackandfieldevents。________inswimming，thetopthreeplaceswenttoAmericans。A．LikelyB．ProbablyC．SimilarlyD．Generally2．Allhumanbeingsareequal。(P41）人人平等。equaladj。相等的；相同的；能勝任的v.相等;抵得上；敵得過MenandwomenhaveequalrightsinChina.在中國，男女權利平等。Heisequaltothejobofrunningtheoffice。他能勝任管理辦公室的工作。MaryisquiteequaltoBillinbrains?，旣惡捅葼柾瑯勇斆?。Noneofuscanequalher,eitherinbeautyorasadancer。不管是容貌還是舞藝我們都比不上她.圖示beequaltosth./doingsth。等于;能勝任bewithoutequal無與倫比；無敵equallyadv.同樣地；相等地(1）根據括號內的中文完成句子①Fiveplusfive________________(等于）ten.②HelearnsEnglishquitewellandnooneelseinmyclass________________（比得上他)．（2）單項選擇Anyone，whetherheisanofficialorabusdriver，shouldbe______respected.A．especiallyB．equallyC．naturallyD．normally3．order（P42）n.秩序；命令；訂單v.命令；訂飯/菜Everythinginhisroomisinorder.他房間里的一切都井然有序。Iplacedanorderfor100toyswiththatcompany。我和那家公司訂購了100個玩具.Heorderedhismentostartatonce.他命令他的人立刻出發。inorder按順序；整齊；井然有序outoforder出故障的keeporder維持秩序put。..inorder排列順序placeanorderforsth.withsb.和某人訂購某物（1)根據括號內的中文提示完成句子①He____________________(訂購了)500pairsofshoeswiththatfactory.②Please____________________（給這些句子排序）．③Heorderedthat____________________(我們在中午之前完成工作）．（2）單項選擇Thedoctororderedthatshe______arestforaweek.A．takesB．tookC．takeD．wouldtake4．AncientChinawasaplacewherestateswereoftenatwarwitheachother.（P43，Para。1）古代中國各諸侯國之間經常發生戰爭.beatwarwith與……交戰Thecountryhasbeenatwarwithitsneighbourfortwoyears。這個國家與鄰國已打了兩年仗了。Howlonghavetheybeenatwarwitheachother?他們相互交戰多長時間了？介詞at常表狀態,請指出下列各短語的含義答案：①在吃飯②出海③在玩耍④在工作⑤處于和平狀態⑥在家⑦安心（1）單句改錯It'snotpolitetoblowyournoseatthetable。________________________________________________________________________（2）單項選擇Atthattime，hiscountrywas______othercountries,sohearingfromhimwasextremelydifficult.A．atwarwithB．atthewarwithC．atwaragainstD．duringthewarwith5．Hestressedtheimportanceofkindness，dutyandorderinsociety。(P43，Para。1）他強調了仁愛、責任和社會秩序的重要性。stressvt.強調;施壓于;使緊張n。強調;壓力；重音Ourteacherhasrepeatedlystressedtheimportanceofhandwriting。我們老師已反復強調了書寫的重要性。Theweightstressedthebridgetothepointofdamagingit.載重負荷把橋壓得達到損壞的程度。Ithinkherheadachesarecausedbystress.我認為她的頭疼是由于緊張造成的.underthestressof為……所迫；受到……的壓力lay/put/placethestresson/upon把重點放在……上stressfuladj.充滿壓力的；緊張的stressedadj.緊張的；無法放松的(不用于名詞前）（1）根據括號內的中文提示完成句子①TheEnglishteacher______（強調）theimportanceofreading。②Thegovernment______(著重于)welfarework。（2)單項選擇Mysisterhasbeenfeeling______sinceshestartedherfirstjob。Shecan'tsleepwell。A．stressedB．unpleasantC．confidentD．sudden6．Hisfatherdiedwhenhewasyoung，andhewasbroughtupbyhismother.（P43，Para。2）父親去世的時候他還很小，他是由母親撫養成人的.bringup提出（話題）;養育；嘔吐Whydon’tyoubringthisquestionupatthemeeting?你為何不在會上提出這個問題？Thoughbornandbroughtupinthecity,shepreferslifeinthecountry。盡管她是在城市里出生和長大的,但她更喜歡農村的生活。Hewasillandbroughtuphisdinner.他病了，把晚飯都吐了出來。bringdown打倒;減少；擊敗bringabout引起;導致bringin收（莊稼）；引進bringon使發展;導致bringout顯現；生產；出版bringback送回；使想起（1）從下列詞組中選擇合適的bring詞組完成句子（bringdown；bringout;bringabout；bringin）①Theexamples______themeaningofthisword.②Itriedtogetthemto______thepriceoftheTVset，buttheyrefusedto。SoIdidn'tbuyit.③TheystartedtouseEnglish，buttheyalso______somewordsfromtheirownlanguages。④What______thechangeinhisattitude?(2)單項選擇Helosthisparentsintheearthquakeandwas______bythegovernment。A．broughtoutB．broughtinC．broughtupD．broughtabout7．Menciusbelievedthatthereasonwhymanisdifferentfromanimalsisthatmanisgood.(P43，Para.2）孟子認為人不同于動物的原因是人是善良的。thereasonwhy。。。isthat。。.為固定句型,表示“……的原因是……”。whymanisdifferentfromanimals是why引導的定語從句修飾先行詞reason，thatmanisgood是that引導的表語從句.Thereasonwhywehavetogrowtreesisthattheycansupplyfreshairtous。我們不得不種樹的原因是它們能供應我們新鮮的空氣。Thereasonwhyshefailedintheexamwasthatshedidn'tworkhard.她考試不及格的原因是她學習不刻苦。（1）在定語從句中，如果reason為先行詞,且關系詞在從句中充當主語、賓語或表語,關系詞用which/that,其在從句中作賓語時?？墒÷?Idon'tbelievethereasonwhich/thathehasgivenusforhisbeinglate.我不相信他給出的遲到原因。此時關系詞在定語從句中作given的賓語,因此關系詞可以用which/that，也可以省略不填。（2）如果關系詞在定語從句中作狀語，用why/forwhich引導.Thatwasn’tthereasonwhy/for_whichheliedtoyou。那不是他對你撒謊的原因。（1)單句改錯Thereasonwhyhegavewasthathisbikewasbroken.________________________________________________________________________(2)單項選擇Thereason______hesucceededwas______heworkedveryhard.A．for；whyB．for；thatC．why；thatD．why；how8．Insomeways,hisbeliefsweresimilartothoseofConfucius。(P43，Para.3）在某些方面,他的學說和孔子的有些相近.insomeways在某些方面Insomeways，I’dratherhewasn’tinvolvedatall.就某些方面而言，我寧愿他根本沒有被牽扯進去。inaway從某種意義上講innoway無論如何都不;決不intheway擋路；礙事alltheway一直；自始至終beontheway（to）在途中；即將到達havealongwaytogo（為達到……)仍有許多要做noway沒門兒(1）單句改錯InnowayIamgoingthehelphim!________________________________________________________________________（2）單項選擇—Ithinkyoushouldsaysorrytome.Youbrokemycup。