年常德市高三年級模擬考試英語第一部分聽力共兩節(jié)，滿分分)做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上，錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)共5小題；每小題分，滿分分)聽下面5段對話，每段對話后有一個小題。從題中所給的、、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15B.￡9.18C.￡9.15答案是C。1.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inabookstore.B.Inalibrary.C.Inan2.WhatgiftwillthewomanbuyforClaire?A.Anecklace.B.Asilvervase.C.Afloorlamp.3.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Anewteacher.B.Alanguagecourse.C.Ateachingmethod.4.WhenisJack’sgraduationceremony?A.ThisThursday.B.ThisFriday.C.NextMonday.5.Whydoesthewomanwanttoreturntheshirt?A.It’sthewrongsize.B.It’sofpoorquality.C.It’sthewrongcolor.第二節(jié)共小題；每小題分，滿分分)聽下面5C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第、7題。6.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.andstudent.B.Colleagues.C.Strangers.7.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Putthedeadline.B.apillowalong.C.abreak.聽第7段材料，回答第8至題。8.WhoisStephCurry?第1頁/共24頁A.Ateamcoach.B.Asoccerplayer.C.Abasketballplayer.9.WhatdoesthewomanthinkofthedocumentaryabouttheCup?A.Itisboring.B.Itisexciting.C.Itisconfusing.10.Whatdoesthemaninvitethewomantodo?A.amatch.B.Seeafilmtogether.C.Practicesportsskills.聽第8段材料，回答第至題。Howdoesthemanfeelnow?A.Pleased.B.Annoyed.C.Surprised.12.Whatdidthemanthinkinteresting?A.differentrecipes.B.Analyzinglanguages.C.Celebratingfestivals.13.What’sthelastpartofJason’sprojectabout?A.Hisproblems.B.Hisfutureplan.C.Hissuggestions.聽第9段材料，回答第至題。14.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Givingaspeech.B.Conductingasurvey.C.Hostingaprogram.15.WhatmadeBeninterestedinmusic?A.Emmy’sinvitation.B.Astudent’sperformance.C.Histeacher’sencouragement.16.Whatistheman’ssongWreckabout?A.Hiswork.B.Familylove.C.Unexpectedevents.17.Whatdoesthemanstruggletodo?A.Releaseanewsong.B.Holdaconcerttour.C.Balanceworkandlife.聽第段材料，回答第至題。18.Howoftenarethelessonspublished?A.aweek.B.Threetimesaweek.C.Onceamonth.19.WhatisthemainfocusofAdeptEnglishlessons?A.Readingandwriting.B.Listeningandspeaking.C.Grammarandvocabulary.20.WhatisoneofthefeaturesofAdeptEnglish?A.Itprovidesself-pacedlearning.B.Itslessonsarefreeofcharge.第2頁/共24頁C.Itmainlytargetsnativespeakers.第二部分閱讀共兩節(jié)，滿分分)第一節(jié)共小題；每小題分，滿分分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的、、、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。Aarepleasedtoaspecialprizedraw,providingfourindividualswiththeopportunitytoattendaprivatelytutoredportraitclassatLondonFineArtStudios.Thefive-hourin-personsessionwillfocusonthetechniquesofpaintinglifelikeportraitsfromlife,suitableforartistsofallexperiencelevels.LondonFineArtStudios,locatedonLavenderHill,isawell-respectedinstitutionknownforitsclassicalapproachtoarteducation.FoundedbyAnnahighlyexperiencedartistandeducator,thestudioisdedicatedtoprovidingathoughtful,immersive(沉浸式的)learningexperienceforthoselookingtodeveloptheirskills.Duringtheclass,Annwillguideyouthroughessentialprinciplesofportraitpainting,includingmass,value,compositionandcolour.Participantswillbeabletoworkintheirchosenmedium,withpersonalisedinstructiontosuittheirindividualskilllevels.Allmaterialswillbeprovided,allowingyoutofocusentirelyonthepaintingprocess.Thestudio’semphasisonclassicaltechniqueshasproducednumeroussuccessfulartists,manyofwhomhavegainedrecognitionbothnationallyandinternationally.andrefreshmentswillbeservedduringtheclass.Forfurtherdetailsandtoentertheprizedraw,visit.Fourwinners,chosenatrandom,willreceiveaprivatelytutoredportraitclasswithAnn￡400each.Enterbynoonon28May2025byfillingintheformhere.&Datebymutualagreement.ClasstobetakenbyDecember2025.Theprizeisnon-transferable.Nocashalternativesareavailable.Forfulltermsandconditions,visit/terms.第3頁/共24頁1.Whatcanthewinneroftheprizedrawget?A.Acashrewardof￡400.B.Afive-hourpersonalpaintingclass.C.Agrouponlinepaintingclass.D.ApaintingclassatLondonUniversity.2.Whatisthewinnerrequiredtodo?A.Prepareallthepaintingmaterials.B.somesnacksalong.C.FinishtheclassbyDecember2025.D.Choosetheclassdateatrandom.3.Inwhichcolumnofawebsitecanwemostprobablyreadthetext?A.Artistsandillustrators.B.Culturalstyles.C.Inspirationalstories.D.news.【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是應(yīng)用文。主要宣傳一個抽獎活動，提供有關(guān)藝術(shù)課程的獎品信息，吸引讀者參與。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“arepleasedtoaspecialprizedraw,providingfourindividualswiththeopportunitytoattendaprivatelytutoredportraitclassatLondonFineArtStudios.Thefive-hourin-personsessionwillfocusonthetechniquesofpaintinglifelikeportraitsfromlife,suitableforartistsofallexperiencelevels.(我們很高興提供一個特別的抽獎，提供四個人有機會參加私人輔導(dǎo)肖像班在倫敦美術(shù)工作室。五個小時的面對面會議將重點關(guān)注從生活中繪制逼真肖像的技術(shù)，適合所有經(jīng)驗水平的藝術(shù)家)”可知，抽獎的獲勝者可以得到一個五小時的個人繪畫班。故選B項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)&Conditions標(biāo)題下的“Datebymutualagreement.ClasstobetakenbyDecember2025.(上課日期需雙方協(xié)商確定。課程需在2025年12月前完成)”可知，課程需在2025年12月前完成。故選C項?！?題詳解】PrizeDraw:￡1,600worthofartclasses(1600英鎊的藝術(shù)課程)”可知，本文是提供有關(guān)藝術(shù)課程的獎品信息，所以有可能事來自藝術(shù)家和插畫家的欄目的文章。故選A項。BWhenMartinRothbeganhiscareerasaforestrangerinthe1980s,hisjobwastocarefortheforestinawaythatwouldensurecontinuityfordecades,evencenturies.Now,withclimatechange,it’smoreaboutplanningforan第4頁/共24頁uncertainfuture.“It’sturnedintodisastermanagement,”saysRoth,forwhomthe3,000acresofforestalongthenortheasternshoreofLakeConstanceinGermanyactastestinggroundforhigh-techsolutions,earninghimthenickname“digitalforestranger”intheGermanforestrycommunity.Afteradisastrousstorm,theclockstartsticking:damagedtreesneedtoberemovedbeforethearrivalofbarkbeetles(甲蟲),whichbreedindeadtreesandcangoontodestroyentireforests.WhileitusedtotakeRothtwoandahalfhourstocoveranacreofforestonfoot,drones(無人機)nowlethimsurveytheentire3,000acresinamatterofdays,sohecanquicklylocatedamagedtrees,identifyandinformtheownersofaffectedplots,andsendinformationtoworkersontheground.HismostrecentprojectiscombiningbodycamerafootagewithAI.“Usuallyyoumarkthetrees,they’recutdown,andyouhavenoideahowmuchtimberyou’llendupwith-howmanycubicmeters,whatquality,whichtreespecies,”heexplains.NowAI,“l(fā)ooking”throughhisbodycamera,automaticallyrecognizesthetreespecieshehasmarkedandestimatestheamountoftimberitwillproduce,sendingtheinformationtohisphoneinrealtime.Roth’sexperienceintacklingthechallengesofmodernforestrywithtechnologyisincreasinglysoughtafter-colleaguesreachoutforadvice,andhelecturesondigitalizationinforestryattheRottenburgUniversityofAppliedForestSciences.Buthewarnsthattechnologycanneverreplaceawalkthroughtheforest:“Ishouldneverbelievethatthedigitaltwinisreality.Ialwayshavetodoa.”4.WhathasclimatechangeonMartinRoth’swork?A.Itmadehisjobfocusonlong-lastingforestcontinuity.B.Itreducedtheimportanceoftraditionalforestryskills.C.Itrequiredhimtoabandontechnology-basedmethods.D.Itshiftedhisroletowardmanagingunexpecteddisasters.5.HowdodroneshelpRothafteradisastrousstorm?A.Killbarkbeetlesquickly.B.Assessforestdamageefficiently.C.Predictthefutureclimatechange.D.Replacetheworkofgroundworkers.6.WhatdoesRothimplybymentioning“”inthelastparagraph?A.Digitaltoolsmustbetestedinextremeweather.B.AI’scalculationsareoftenunsafeandunreliable.C.willsoonmakeforestrangersunnecessary.D.modelscannotfullyreplaceon-siteinspections.7.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?第5頁/共24頁A.describethelifestoryofaGermanforestranger.B.warnaboutthedangersofclimatechangetoforests.C.introducehowtechnologytransformsmodernforestry.Dcriticizetheoveruseofdronesinenvironmentalprotection.【答案】4.D5.B6.D7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是護林員MartinRoth如何利用高科技手段應(yīng)對現(xiàn)代林業(yè)面臨的挑戰(zhàn)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Now,withclimatechange,it’smoreaboutplanningforanuncertainfuture.“It’sturnedintodisastermanagement,”saysRoth,forwhomthe3,000acresofforestalongthenortheasternshoreofLakeConstanceinGermanyactastestinggroundforhigh-techsolutions,earninghimthenickname“digitalforestranger”intheGermanforestrycommunity.(Roth說，對他來說，德國康斯坦茨湖東北岸的3000英畝森林是高科技解決方案的)MartinRoth的工作轉(zhuǎn)向了管理意外災(zāi)難。故選D項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“WhileitusedtotakeRothtwoandahalfhourstocoveranacreofforestonfoot,drones(無人機)nowlethimsurveytheentire3,000acresinamatterofdays,sohecanquicklylocatedamagedtrees,identifyandinformtheownersofaffectedplots,andsendinformationtoworkersontheground.(過去，羅斯需要兩個半小時才能步行覆蓋一英畝的森林，而現(xiàn)在，無人機可以讓他在幾天內(nèi)調(diào)查整個3000英畝的森林，這樣他就可以快速定位受損的樹木，識別并通知受影響地塊的所有者，并將信息發(fā)送給地面工作人員)”可知，無人機可以有效評估森林損害。故選B項?！?題詳解】Buthewarnsthattechnologycanneverreplaceawalkthroughtheforest:“Ishouldneverbelievethatthedigitaltwinisreality.()”可知，Roth認(rèn)為技術(shù)永遠無法替代漫步森林的體驗，不認(rèn)為數(shù)字孿生就是現(xiàn)實，所以他需要現(xiàn)實檢查，所以realitycheck意為“虛擬模型不能完全取代現(xiàn)場檢查”。故選D項?！?題詳解】WhenMartinRothbeganhiscareerasaforestrangerinthe1980s,hisjobwastocare第6頁/共24頁fortheforestinawaythatwouldensurecontinuityfordecades,evencenturies.Now,withclimatechange,it’smoreaboutplanningforanuncertainfuture.“It’sturnedintodisastermanagement,”saysRoth,forwhomthe3,000acresofforestalongthenortheasternshoreofLakeConstanceinGermanyactastestinggroundforhigh-techsolutions,earninghimthenickname“digitalforestranger”intheGermanforestrycommunity.(當(dāng)MartinRoth在20世紀(jì)80Roth說，對他來說，德國康斯坦茨湖東北岸的3000英畝森林是高科技解決方案的試驗場，在)MartinRoth如何利用高科技手段應(yīng)對現(xiàn)代林業(yè)面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，所以本文目的是介紹科技如何改變現(xiàn)代林業(yè)。故選C項。CThementalpainoffailurecanstimulateyoutobecomebetterattheactivityinwhichyoulackproficiency-ifyoucanconsidertheunpleasantexperienceasanindicatorofpersonalgrowth.Thisiswhatresearchersfoundwhentheyconductedafieldexperimentatanimprovisation(即興表演)club.Onegroupofamateurimproviserswasinstructedtoactivelyseekthefeelingofawkwardness.Thescholarsfoundthat,comparedwithimproviserswhowerenotgiventhisinstruction,thefirstgroupwasmoreengagedintheexercise.Insteadofseeingthediscomfortassomethingtoavoid,theysawitascentraltotheprocessandleanedintoit.Thishasonhowtoimproveordinarylife.canputfailuretogooduseinmanyotherareasoflife.Ifyou’reastudent,takeaclassfaroutsideyourareaofskillsandinterests,knowingthatthestruggletocopewithaverynovelchallengemayimprovestudyingwhatyoudolike.Enjoythedifficultyofitandanalyzethemistakesyoumake—andyouwillalmostcertainlyfindthatyou'redoingevenbetteratyourpreferredsubject.Employerscanapplytheseprinciplesaswell.Ilikethe“75/25rule,”accordingtowhichemployeesspendthree-quartersoftheirtimeontheirassignedtaskandonequarterhelpingothersoutsidetheirarea.Theshort-termcostofthisisfrictionaspeoplestrugglewithnoveltyanddifficulty-andbossesshouldtakecarenottomakethisworsebybeingpunitiveoroverlycritical.ButIhaveseenthelong-termbenefitofbettermotivationinthecoreassignment,aswellasabetterflowofinformationanddistributionofnewskillsacrossdifferentactivitieswithinanenterprise.Theembrace-failureprinciplecanevenbeappliedtohappinessitself.Noneofuswantstobeunhappy.Butinvitingsourcesofunhappinessintolifecanbeextremelybeneficial.Resolvenottobeafraidoffear,anger,orsadness.Theyarenormalandnaturalpartsoflife,afterall.Andifyouletthem,theywillhelpyousavor(享受)thejoysoflifeallthemore.第7頁/共24頁8.Whatdidtheexperimentattheimprovisationclubfind?A.awkwardnessimprovedimprovisers’creativity.B.Activelyembracingawkwardnessincreasedengagement.C.Professionalimprovisersperformedbetterthanamateurs.D.Discomfortnegativelyimpactedparticipants’motivation.9.Whydoestheauthoradvisestudentstotakeunfamiliarclasses?A.reducetheiracademicpressure.B.increasetheirstudyinginterests.C.avoiderrorsintheirpreferredfield.D.indirectlystrengthentheirmajorsubjects.10.Whatisthelong-termofthe“75/25rule”?A.Employeesaremoremotivatedandmulti-skilled.B.Competitionsamongcolleaguesgetmoreintense.C.Newanddifficultassignmentsbecomeeffortless.D.Conflictsinworkplacedisappearcompletely.Whichisthebesttitleofthetext?A.TheDifferenttoFailure.B.TheAdviceonHowtoSeekHappiness.C.TheBenefitsofDoingThingsBadat.D.TheReasonsWhyinNegativeMoods.【答案】8.B9.D10.AC【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是議論文。主要討論了失敗的心理痛苦如何能夠激勵個人在缺乏熟練度的活動中變得更好，并提出了如何應(yīng)用這一原則來改善日常生活、工作場所乃至追求幸福。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Thementalpainoffailurecanstimulateyoutobecomebetterattheactivityinwhichyoulackproficiency-ifyoucanconsidertheunpleasantexperienceasanindicatorofpersonalgrowth.Thisiswhatresearchersfoundwhentheyconductedafieldexperimentatanimprovisation(即興表演)club.Onegroupofamateurimproviserswasinstructedtoactivelyseekthefeelingofawkwardness.Thescholarsfoundthat,comparedwithimproviserswhowerenotgiventhisinstruction,thefirstgroupwasmoreengagedintheexercise.Insteadof第8頁/共24頁seeingthediscomfortassomethingtoavoid,theysawitascentraltotheprocessandleanedintoit.(如果你能把不愉快的經(jīng)歷視為個人成長的一個指標(biāo)，那么失敗帶來的精神痛苦可以刺激你在你不熟練的活動中變得更好。這是研究人員在一個即興表演俱樂部進行現(xiàn)場實驗時發(fā)現(xiàn)的。一組業(yè)余即興表演者被要求積極尋找尷尬的感覺。學(xué)者們發(fā)現(xiàn)，與沒有得到這種指導(dǎo)的即興表演者相比，第一組人更投入到練習(xí)中。他們沒有把不舒服看作是要避免的事情，而是把它看作是過程的核心，并傾向于它)”可知，即興表演俱樂部的實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)了積極地接受尷尬會增加參與度。故選B項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Ifyou’reastudent,takeaclassfaroutsideyourareaofskillsandinterests,knowingthatthestruggletocopewithaverynovelchallengemayimprovestudyingwhatyoudolike.Enjoythedifficultyofitandanalyzethemistakesyoumake—andyouwillalmostcertainlyfindthatyou'redoingevenbetteratyourpreferredsubject.(如果你是一名學(xué)生，參加一門與你的技能和興趣領(lǐng)域相去甚遠的課程，要知道努力應(yīng)對一個非常新奇的挑戰(zhàn)可能會促進你學(xué)習(xí)自己喜歡的東西。享受它的難度，分析你犯的錯誤——你幾乎肯定會發(fā)現(xiàn)你在你喜歡的科目上做得更好)”可知，作者建議學(xué)生選修不熟悉的課程，因為可以間接加強他們的主要科目。故選D項。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Ilikethe“75/25rule,”accordingtowhichemployeesspendthree-quartersoftheirtimeontheirassignedtaskandonequarterhelpingothersoutsidetheirarea.Theshort-termcostofthisisfrictionaspeoplestrugglewithnoveltyanddifficulty-andbossesshouldtakecarenottomakethisworsebybeingpunitiveoroverlycritical.ButIhaveseenthelong-termbenefitofbettermotivationinthecoreassignment,aswellasabetterflowofinformationanddistributionofnewskillsacrossdifferentactivitieswithinanenterprise.(我喜歡“75/25規(guī)則”，根據(jù)該規(guī)則，員工將四分之三的時間花在分配給他們的任務(wù)上，四分之一的時間用來幫助他們領(lǐng)域之外的其他人。這樣做的短期成本是摩擦，因為人們在與新鮮事物和困難作斗爭——老板們應(yīng)該小心，不要因為懲罰或過度批評而使情況變得更糟。但是，我已經(jīng)看到了在核心任務(wù)中更好的激勵，以及在企業(yè)內(nèi)不同活動中更好的信息流和新技能分配的長期好處)75/25規(guī)則”的長期影響是員工更有動力，技能也更豐富。故選A項?！绢}詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Theembrace-failureprinciplecanevenbeappliedtohappinessitself.Noneofuswantstobeunhappy.Butinvitingsourcesofunhappinessintolifecanbeextremelybeneficial.Resolvenottobeafraidoffear,anger,orsadness.Theyarenormalandnaturalpartsoflife,afterall.Andifyouletthem,theywillhelpyousavor(享受)thejoysoflifeallthemore.(擁抱失敗的原則甚至可以應(yīng)用于幸福本身。沒有人想要不快第9頁/共24頁樂。但是把不快樂的來源引入生活是非常有益的。下定決心不要害怕恐懼、憤怒或悲傷。畢竟，它們是生活中正常而自然的一部分。如果你讓他們這樣做，他們會幫助你更好地享受生活的樂趣)”以及縱觀全文可知，本文主要講述了失敗的心理痛苦如何能夠激勵個人在缺乏熟練度的活動中變得更好，所以C項“做你不擅長的事情的好處”是本文最好的標(biāo)題。故選C項。DFromanairplane,carsmovingslowlydownthehighwaylooklikeants.Butactualants—unlikecars—somehowowmanagetoavoidthesufferingofstop-and-gotraffic.Researchersarenowstudyingtheseinsects’cooperativetactics(戰(zhàn)術(shù))tolearnhowtoprogramself-drivingcarsthatdon’tjamup.Thefreeflowofbecomesunstableasthenumberofcarsincreasesonahighway.At15vehiclespermileperlaneonedrivertappingtheirbrakes(剎車)cancauseapersistentwaveofcongestion.“It’sakindofphasetransition,”likewaterturningfromaliquidtoasolidform,saysNishinari,aphysicistattheUniversityofNishinari’spreviousresearchhadshownthatantscanmaintaintheirfloweveninlargenumbers.Sowhat’stheirsecret?Inarecentstudy,researchersrecordedantsontrailsandusedtraffic-engineeringmodelstoanalyzetheirmovement.Theyfoundthattheantsdon’tjambecausetheytravelingroupsofthreeto20thatmoveatnearlyconstantrateswhilekeepinggooddistancesbetweenoneanother-andtheydon’tspeeduptopassothers.Humandriversatrushhourarehardtofollowsuchrules.maximizingtheinterestsofindividuals,whichiswhy,atagivenpoint,youstarttohaveajam,”saysNicola,whostudiessustainableengineeringattheUniversityofinItaly.“Butself-drivingcars,iftheyonedaybecomeeverywhere,couldhavemorecooperativeprogramming.Inonevisionofthisfuture,autonomousvehicleswouldshareinformationwithnearbycarstomakegooduseofflow-perhaps,byprioritizingconstantspeedsandheadwaysorbynotpassingothersontheroad,”Nicolasuggests.driverscanlearnatleastonethingfromantstoavoidcausingajam,Nishinarisays:don’tByleavingroombetweentheircarandtheoneaheadofthem,driverscanabsorbawaveofbrakinginheavyconditionsthatwouldotherwisebeamplified(放大)intoajamwithnoobviouscause.“Justkeepingaway,”hesays,“canhelpflowsmoothly.”12.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Theprincipleofcausingajam.B.Thebadofjamsonourlife.C.Thedifficultyofavoidingajam.D.Thesufferingofbeingstuckinajam.第10頁/共24頁13.Whatistheants’keytoavoidingjams?A.inlargegroups.B.Keepingsteadyspeedandspacing.C.Followingacentralleader.D.Frequentlywalkoveroneanother.14.WhatdoesNicolasuggestinParagraph4?A.Providemorespeedchoicesfordrivers.B.Buildspecialroadsforself-drivingcars.C.Setstricterrulestoregulatedrivers’behaviors.D.Applyants’cooperativestrategiestoself-drivingcars.15.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tailgate”meaninthelastparagraph?A.Parkillegally.B.Speedupsuddenly.C.Drivetooclosely.D.Ignoresignals.【答案】12.A13.B14.D15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。主要介紹了研究人員如何通過研究螞蟻的合作行為，來尋找解決交通擁堵問題的方法，并探討了這些發(fā)現(xiàn)如何應(yīng)用于未來的自動駕駛汽車編程中。【12題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Thefreeflowofbecomesunstableasthenumberofcarsincreasesonahighway.At15vehiclespermileperlane,onedrivertappingtheirbrakes(剎車)cancauseapersistentwaveofcongestion.“It’sakindofphasetransition,”likewaterturningfromaliquidtoasolidform,saysNishinari,aphysicistattheUniversityof隨著高速公路上汽車數(shù)量的增加，交通的自由流動變得不穩(wěn)定。在每條車道每英里15變成固體一樣，東京大學(xué)的物理學(xué)家西成說)”可知，本段主要講述了造成堵塞的原理。故選A項?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Inarecentstudy,researchersrecordedantsontrailsandusedtraffic-engineeringmodelstoanalyzetheirmovement.Theyfoundthattheantsdon’tjambecausetheytravelingroupsofthreeto20thatmoveatnearlyconstantrateswhilekeepinggooddistancesbetweenoneanother-andtheydon’tspeeduptopassothers.(在最近的一項研究中，研究人員記錄了小路上的螞蟻，并使用交通工程模型來分析它們的運動。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)螞蟻不會堵塞，因為它們以3到20只螞蟻為一組，以幾乎恒定的速度移動，同時彼此保持良好的距離，它們不會加速超過其他螞蟻)”可知，螞蟻避開交通堵塞的關(guān)鍵是保持穩(wěn)定的速度和間距。故選B項?！?4題詳解】第11頁/共24頁細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“maximizingtheinterestsofindividuals,whichiswhy,atagivenpoint,youstarttohaveajam,”saysNicola,whostudiessustainableengineeringattheUniversityofinItaly.“Butself-drivingcars,iftheyonedaybecomeeverywhere,couldhavemorecooperativeprogramming.Inonevisionofthisfuture,autonomousvehicleswouldshareinformationwithnearbycarstomakegooduseofflow-perhaps,byprioritizingconstantspeedsandheadwaysorbynotpassingothersontheroad,”Nicolasuggests.(究可持續(xù)工程的Nicola編程。在這種未來愿景中，自動駕駛車輛會與附近的車輛共享信息，以充分利用交通流量——或許是通過Nicola建議道)Nicola建議將螞蟻的合作策略應(yīng)用于自動駕駛汽車。故選D項。【15題詳解】Byleavingroombetweentheircarandtheoneaheadofthem,driverscanabsorbawaveofbrakinginheavyconditionsthatwouldotherwisebeamplified(放大)intoajamwithnoobviouscause.(車會在沒有明顯原因的情況下被放大成交通堵塞)”可知，需要在自己的車和前面的車之間留出空間，是為了防止追尾，推知tailgate應(yīng)是“追尾”之意，和C項意思相近。故選C項。第二節(jié)共5小題；每小題分，滿分分)Anyonewithaninternetconnectioncanwatchbreakingnews,oratleastsomeversionofit.Acrosssocialmedia,postscanflyupfasterthanmostfact-checkerscanhandle,andtheyareoftenanunpredictablemixoftrue,fake,andoutofcontext.____16____Howdoyouknowwhattotrustandwhatnottoshare?Herearesomebasictoolseveryoneshouldusewhenconsumingbreakingnewsonline.____17____Thinkaboutwhowouldbenefitfromspreadingconfusinginformationduringanewsevent.Duringelections,forexample,lookoutforconflictinginformationandbaselessaccusationsthatmaybenefitonepoliticalpartyorcandidate.Ofcourse,notallmisinformationisserious.Someiscreatedjustforfunortotroll(惡搞)people,sobeasskepticalofsillystoriesasseriousones.Slowdownwhilereadingorwatching.Socialmediaisbuiltforthingstogoviral,foruserstoquicklysharebeforetheyareevendonereadingthewords.Nomatterhowshocking,enlighteningorannoyingaorvideois,youmustwaitbeforepassingitontoyournetwork.____18____That’sbecausetheyarewaitinguntilinformationisconfirmedandaccurate.Soassumeeverythingissuspectuntilyouconfirmitsauthenticity(真第12頁/共24頁實性).Don’tuseAItogetnews.companiesarepushingtheirvoiceassistantsandAIchatbottoolsasawaytogetthelatestnews.____19____Theycanbeincorrect,outofdateorsimplycopyingwordsfromsourceswithlittlecreditorvisibility.Somechatbotsevenhavestartedaddingdisclaimers(免責(zé)申明)aroundbreakingnewsevents,advisingreaderstolookelsewherefornewinformation.____20____A.Knowwhymisinformationexists.B.Newsoutletsmayseemslowerthansocialmedia.C.Questionwhyyouwanttoshareitinthefirstplace.D.Donotrelyonthesefeaturesforaccurateinformation.E.DoaGooglesearchforthepersonororganization’sname.F.Sogoingdirectlytonewssourceswillensureyougetmoreaccurateinformation.G.TherapidspreadofeasilyaccessibleAItoolsismuddingthewatersevenfurther.【答案】16.G17.A18.B19.D20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。主要講述了我們?nèi)绾卧诰W(wǎng)上辨別新聞的真?zhèn)??！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Acrosssocialmedia,postscanflyupfasterthanmostfact-checkerscanhandle,andtheyareoftenanunpredictablemixoftrue,fake,andoutofcontext.(處理的要快，而且它們通常是真實、虛假和上下文脫節(jié)的不可預(yù)測的混合體)”可知，在社交媒體上，信息G項“TherapidspreadofeasilyaccessibleAItoolsismuddingthewatersevenfurther.(輕松獲取的人工智能工具的快速普及，正在進一步攪渾渾水)”提到AI工具的快速傳播加劇了這一問題，與下文“Howdoyouknowwhattotrustandwhatnottoshare?(你怎么知道什么值得信任，什么不值得分享)”講“如何判斷信任與分享”形成邏輯銜接，符合語境。故選G?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Thinkaboutwhowouldbenefitfromspreadingconfusinginformationduringanewsevent.Duringelections,forexample,lookoutforconflictinginformationandbaselessaccusationsthatmaybenefitonepoliticalpartyorcandidate.(想想在新聞活動中傳播混亂信息誰能受益。例如，在選舉期間，要注意可能有利于一個政黨或候選人的相互矛盾的信息和毫無根據(jù)的指控)”和“Someiscreatedjustforfunortotroll(惡搞)people(有些只是為了好玩或惡作劇而創(chuàng)作的)”可知，第二段討論錯誤信息的傳播動機（如選舉中的政治利益A項“Knowwhymisinformationexists.(知道錯誤信息的存在的原因)第13頁/共24頁標(biāo)題。故選A?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)下文“That’sbecausetheyarewaitinguntilinformationisconfirmedandaccurate.(那是因為它們要等到信息被確認(rèn)和準(zhǔn)確)B項“Newsoutletsmayseemslowerthansocialmedia.(新聞媒體可能比社交媒體慢)”與下文形成因果關(guān)系，符合語境，下文they指代選項中Newsoutlets。故選B?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“companiesarepushingtheirvoiceassistantsandAIchatbottoolsasawaytogetthelatestnews.(科技公司正在推動他們的語音助手和人工智能聊天工具，作為獲取最新新聞的一種方式)”可知，科技公司在推動他們的語音助手和人工智能聊天工具，再結(jié)合下文“Theycanbeincorrect,outofdateorsimplycopyingwordsfromsourceswithlittlecreditorvisibility.(可信度或可見性的來源復(fù)制單詞)”指出AI工具可能提供錯誤或過時信息，D項“Donotrelyonthesefeaturesforaccurateinformation.(不要依賴這些功能來獲取準(zhǔn)確的信息)”直接否定AI呼應(yīng)，符合語境。故選D?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Somechatbotsevenhavestartedaddingdisclaimers(免責(zé)申明)aroundbreakingnewsevents,advisingreaderstolookelsewherefornewinformation.(一些聊天機器人甚至開始在突發(fā)新聞事件中添加免責(zé)聲明，建議讀者在其他地方尋找新信息)”可知，建議讀者在其他地方尋找新信息，F(xiàn)項“Sogoingdirectlytonewssourceswillensureyougetmoreaccurateinformation.(息)”自然承接此建議，總結(jié)應(yīng)對策略，符合語境。故選F。第三部分語言運用共兩節(jié)，滿分分)第一節(jié)共小題；每小題1分，滿分分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的、、、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。At40,Idecidedtosignupforaballetclass.“Butyou’renotvery___21___,”myhusbandremindedme.Hewasn’twrong.Inearly____22____myselftheonetimeItriedtoliftmyleginanattempttostretch.IcouldfeelhowIdidn’tlooklikepromisingballerina(芭蕾舞演員)material.ButIwasdeterminedtogiveita____23____.ThoughI’d____24____myclassestobephysicallydemandingIhadn’tanticipatedthatmyteacher’sadvicewouldchangemywayoflife.WhenIfeltsadaboutmy____25____ofeleganceintheseeminglysimpleactofpointing,myteacherremindedmethatballetisn’taboutperfection.____26____,hesaid,it’sabouttryinghardfor第14頁/共24頁perfection.Slowly,Istartedbecomingmore____27____withthebody.Theideathatmybodyhasn’tbeenthatinflexible____28____me.Balletisforcingmetorethinkmyrelationshipwithmy____29____,andfeelamazedatthe____30____.I’velearnedtostandwithmoreconfidenceandcourage.Asforthe____31____?They’repartofbeingalive.Asalifelongadvancedbeginner,attheageof50,Iamfinallyaballerina,thoughnotthekindthatanybodywould____32____toseeonstage.WhydoI____33____?BecausewhenIdomydailyballetclass,I____34____mybreathingandmovemybodyinwaysthat____35____meofeverythingthatispossible.21.A.braveB.flexibleC.energeticD.skillful22.A.injuredB.hitC.enjoyedD.relaxed23.A.promiseB.lessonC.surpriseD.try24.A.requiredB.wishedC.expectedD.dreamed25.A.needB.hopeC.senseD.lack26.A.RatherB.ThereforeC.BesidesD.However27.A.carefulB.concernedC.disappointedD.comfortable28.A.attractsB.frightensC.encouragesD.controls29.A.husbandB.bodyC.teacherD.health30.A.B.changesC.speedD.behaviour31.A.achievementsB.adventuresC.imperfectionsD.misunderstandings32.A.chargeB.C.payD.refuse33.A.continueB.agreeC.waitD.quit34.A.focusonB.getusedtoC.losecontrolofD.recoverfrom35.A.clearB.remindC.warnD.cheat【答案】21.B22.A23.D24.C25.D26.A27.D28.C29.B30.B31.C32.C33.A34.A35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了作者40歲開始學(xué)習(xí)芭蕾舞的經(jīng)歷，從身體不靈活到逐漸適應(yīng)，最終領(lǐng)悟到芭蕾精神不在于完美而在于努力的過程?！?1題詳解】A.brave勇敢的；B.flexible靈活的；C.energeticD.skillful熟練的。根據(jù)上文“At40,Ideci