welcometoourclass第1頁Module10Unit1

Grammar

andusage

Linkingwords邳州一中馬驥第2頁

DiscussionWhat’sthefunctionoflinkingword?第3頁

Linksareneededbetweensentencestoconnecttheideasofthesentencestoeachother.Withouttheselinks,itiseasyforreaderstogetconfused.Theselinkshelpreadersworkoutwhatisgoingtohappennextinatext.

第4頁Whatarethefourcommontypesoflinksbetweensentences?timesequencewords時間次序關聯詞causeandeffectwords因果關聯詞contrastingwords對比關聯詞additionwords.附加關聯詞第5頁Timesequencewordsfirst(ly)

首先;second(ly)其次;third(ly)第三nowintheend;atlast最終suchas:showtheorderofideasoractions.第6頁Causeandeffectwords.since，as，because(of)，因為foronething一則，（foranother）asaresult，結果，結果是thus，so，Showtheresults:Showthereasons:showthereasonsorresultsofdoingsomething第7頁Contrastingwordshowever，but然而，不過onthecontrary正相反incontrast與此相反，反之introduceanideathatisincontrasttotheideamentionedbefore.suchas:第8頁

Additionwordsinaddition另外，另外and和aswellas也，而且similarly一樣地，besides，furthermore另外，而且introduceadditionalinformationsuchas:第9頁Educationisveryimportant,particularlyinthevariouswaysitbenefitsyoungpeople.Firstofall,itteachesthemandhelpsthembetterunderstandtheworld.Secondly,educationteachespeopleaboutthehistoryandcultureoftheircountry.Inthisway,youngpeoplelearnaboutthepastandareabletoappreciatetheirnationalliteratureandart.Thirdly,educationhelpsdeveloppeople’spersonalities.Througheducation,youngpeoplelearntorespectandtolerateothersandwillbecomemorefriendly,cooperativeandhelpful.Lastly,educationpreparesyoungpeopleforthefuture.Apartfromacademicknowledge,theywillalsolearntheskillstheyneedfortheirfuturecareers.Educationisveryimportant,particularlyinthevariouswaysitbenefitsyoungpeople.Firstofall,itteachesthemandhelpsthembetterunderstandtheworld.Secondly,educationteachespeopleaboutthehistoryandcultureoftheircountry.Inthisway,youngpeoplelearnaboutthepastandareabletoappreciatetheirnationalliteratureandart.Thirdly,educationhelpsdeveloppeople’spersonalities.Througheducation,youngpeoplelearntorespectandtolerateothersandwillbecomemorefriendly,cooperativeandhelpful.Lastly,educationpreparesyoungpeopleforthefuture.Apartfromacademicknowledge,theywillalsolearntheskillstheyneedfortheirfuturecareers.第10頁Typesoflinkingwords1.Povertyisstillkillingpeople.However,thesesmallvictoriesareagoodstarttowardsabetterfuture.2.Theprogramhasseveralaims:firstly,tohelpunemployedpeoplefindwork;secondly,toteachnewmothersaboutnutrition;andthirdly,tohelpyoungpeopledevelopproblemsolvingskills.3.Thesepeoplewillbegivenachancetohelpthemselvesinsteadofbeingdependentonotherpeople.Asaresult,theywillenjoyahigherstandardofliving.ContrastingwordsTimesequencewordsCauseandeffectwords第11頁4.Ourorganizationisworkingtoraisemoneyforthelocalhomelessshelters.Furthermore,wearecollectingclothingtogivetothoseinneed.5.Manypeoplebelievethathungerisonlyaprobleminthedevelopingworld.Onthecontrary,itisaproblemallovertheworld.6.Geldofintendedtheconcerttoraisemoneyforandpublicawarenessofthefamine.Intheend,$100millionwasraised.AdditionwordsContrastingwordsTimesequencewords第12頁7.Forexample,thediseasemalaria,whichisspreadbymosquitoes,killsoveronemillionchildrenyearly.Ontopofthis,accordingtotheUnitedNations,hungerandmalnutritionclaimtenmillionliveseachyear.8.Reporter:Whydidyouorganizetheconcert?Bob:Well,foronething,Iwantedtoraisemoneyforthehungrypeople.Also,Iwantedtoraisepublicawarenessofpovertyandfamine.ContrastingwordsCauseandeffectwords第13頁GroupworkmoreexampleoflinkingwordsTimesequencewords:

Finally最終then然后next其次，接下來tobeginwith;

firstofall;inthefirstplace首先，起初aboveall首先，尤其是lastbutnottheleast最終一點，也是非常主要一點

firstandmostimportant首先也是最主要一點是第14頁Causeandeffectswords:

because；since；as；因為nowthat既然，因為forthisreason因為這個原因dueto；thanksto；becauseof；owingto因為，因為

sothat所以inorderthat為了，方便于asaresult；asaconsequence結果thus；hence；so；therefore；accordingly所以

第15頁Contrastingwords:

while,yet，whereas然而ontheotherhand另首先instead反而bycontrast相比之下，與之相比differentfrom，unlike和···不一樣otherwise另外，在其它方面incontrast與此相反第16頁Additionwords:

also；too；aswellas也，而且，和···一樣what’smore而且besides；inaddition另外，而且，另外Furthermore另外，而且,Moreover而且，另外additionally

另外，加之第17頁Fillintheblankusingproperlinkingwords.

1.Youshouldbefullypreparedbeforegoingwalkinginthemountain.____________,bringplentyofdrinkingwaterwithyou.

2.Icannotthankmyfriendsenoughforwhattheyhavedoneforme.__________________,theylentmemoneytobuymyfirsthouse;_________________,theyhelpedmefindagoodjob.

3.Jillhasnochanceofwinningthenextmatch.Theotherplayersaremuchbetterthanher.______________,sheisill.AboveallForonethingForanotherthingFurthermore第18頁1.I

have

got

no

interest

in

it;

____,

I

have

lots

of

work

to

do.

A.

otherwise

B.

besides

C.

however

D.

therefore

2.Iwouldlikeajobwhichpaysmore,but________IenjoytheworkI’mdoingatthemoment.

A.inotherwordsB.ontheotherhand

C.foronethingD.asamatteroffact

Multiplechoice:第19頁3.-DoyouthinkIshouldgetagoodguidebook?-Yes,ofcourse._____,youalsoneedagoodcameraandcomfortableshoes.A.What’smoreB.InotherwordsC.BythewayD.Allinall4.I’dliketobuyahouse–modern,comfortable,and___inaquietneighbor-hood.A.inallB.aboveallC.afterallD.atall第20頁5.Hecamehomeaftermidnight,and_______,hewasdrunk..Thatmadehisparentsveryangry.A.WhatismoreB.OntheotherhandC.InmyopinionD.Inanotherword6.ThisEnglishmanisgoodatwriting,readingand＿＿＿＿＿iskindtoothers.A.aboveallB.firstofallC.inallD.afterall第21頁7.---I’dliketogohomenow.---Whynotstayhereforthenight?Itissolatenow.________,itisrainingsohard.A.BesidesB.ThereforeC.InsteadD.Asaresult8.Ican’ttellyoutheexacttimewhenIwillgetthere,______,I’llbethereasearlyasIcan.A.NomatterB.AnyhowC.ThereforeD.Besides第22頁IntroductionofotherlinkingwordsConclusion:inconclusion;toconclude;onthewhole;tosumup;inone/aword;inshort;inbrief;insummaryGiveanexample:forexample;forinstance;suchas;take…forexample;inthis/thatcaseShowdifferencesorsimilarities:likewise;yet;despite;inspiteof;inthesameway;inthesamemanner;equally第23頁1．然而，這種教學方法也有一些問題。

______,thereare_____someproblemswiththisteachingmethod.

2．所以，我更喜歡我老師用英語和漢語來教學。

_______,IprefermyteachertoteachusinbothEnglishandChinese.HoweveralsoThereforeCompletethesentences.第24頁3.任何東西都不可浪費，尤其不可浪費時間。

Neverwasteanything,and________neverwastetime.4.我之所以喜歡他，有三個理由：首先，他很老實；其次，他很善良；第三，他很英俊。

TherearethreereasonswhyIlikehim:____he’shonest,________he’skind,________he’shandsome.5.一來我們買不起，二來這東西也難看。

_______________wecan’tafforditand__________it’sugly.second(ly)aboveallfirst(ly)third(ly)Foronethingforanother第25頁6.我沒有病；恰恰相反，我健康極了。

I’mnotsick;_____________,I’minthepeakofhealth.7.我想去參加聚會，但從另首先來說，我應該留下來。

Iwanttogototheparty,but________________Ioughttobestudying.8．總之，形勢很嚴峻。

______________/_________thesituationisserious.onthecontraryOntheotherhandInawordInshort/Inbrief第26頁ConclusionLinkingwords起著承上啟下作用，是語義關系過渡橋梁。有效、適當地使用語句間連接成份，可使全文結構緊湊，層次清楚，過渡自然。防止過分堆積，不然將適得其反。第27頁怎樣學好英語大聲朗誦輕易記住;形成用英語思索習慣天天收聽英語廣播;用英語和他人交談聽力和口語進步快堅持用英語寫日志寫作能力不停提升下面是瑪麗學習英語情況，請用英語介紹表中所列情況。（5個句子表示全部內容）第28頁1.I’dliketotellyouhowMarylearns

English.2.Sheoftenreadsaloud,whichhelpshertorememberthemeasilyandformagoodhab