學必求其心得，業必貴于專精學必求其心得，業必貴于專精學必求其心得，業必貴于專精教學設計LearningaboutLanguage：Importantlanguagepoints整體設計教材分析Theemphasisofthisperiodwillbeplacedontheimportantnewwords，expressionsandsentencepatternsinthepartsWarmingUp，Pre。reading，ReadingandComprehending。Inordertomakestudentsunderstandtheseimportantpointsthoroughly，wecanfirstgetstudentstounderstandtheirmeaningsinthecontext，thengivesomeexplanationsaboutthem，andlateroffersomepracticestomakestudentsmastertheirusages。Somenewwordsandexpressions,suchasexist，puzzle，intime，inone’sturn，prevent…fromandsoonareveryusefulandimportant.Soarethesentencepatterns“Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot."and“Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.”Weoughttopaymoreattentiontothemanddesignspecialexercises。Attheendoftheclass，theteachercanmakestudentsdomoreexercisesforconsolidation。Indoingso,theycanlearn，graspandusetheseimportantlanguagepointswell.教學重點1．Enablestudentstograsptheusagesofsuchimportantnewwordsandexpressionsasexist,puzzle，intime，inone’sturn,prevent…from,etc。2．Getstudentstomasterthepatterns“Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot。"and“Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved。”教學難點1．Letstudentslearntheusageoftheexpression“prevent…from…”．2．Enablestudentstolearnthesentencepattern“Itis（not）＋adj.＋that（whether)…”．3．Getstudentstounderstandsomedifficultandlongsentences。三維目標知識目標1．Getstudentstolearnandgrasptheimportantusefulnewwordsandexpressionsinthispart：astronomy，system，religion，theory，atom，billion，globe,violent，carbon，atmosphere，unlike，fundamental，harmful，acid，chain，multiply，oxygen，exist，thus,dioxide，puzzle,solarsystem,intime，layeggs，givebirthto，inone'sturn，carbondioxide，prevent…from2．Letstudentslearnthefollowingimportantusefulsentencepatterns:1）What_it_was_to_becomewasuncertainuntilbetween4。5and3。8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.(betodo；what。clauseasthesubject)2）Theearthbecamesoviolentthatit_was_not_clear_whether_the_shape_would_last_or_not.（so…that；itis/wasnot＋adj.＋whether。clause）3)Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.(what。clauseasthesubject；that。clauseasthepredicative）4)Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife。[itis/was(not）＋adj。＋that…］5）Sowhether_life_will_continue_on_the_earth_for_millions_of_years_to_comewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.（whether。clauseasthesubject;dependon＋whether.clauseastheobject）能力目標1．Getstudentstousesomeusefulnewwordsandexpressionscorrectly.2．Enablestudentstomakesentenceswiththeusefulsentencepatterns。情感目標1．Stimulatestudents'interestinlearningEnglish.2．Developstudents'spiritofcooperationandteamwork。教學過程Step1Revision1．Checkthehomeworkexercises。2．Asksomestudentstotalkabouthowlifebeganontheearth。Step2ReadingandfindingGetstudentstoreadthroughWarmingUp,Pre。reading，ReadingandComprehendingtounderlineallthenewwordsandusefulexpressionsorcollocationsintheseparts。Readthemaloudandcopythemdownintheexercisebookafterclass。Trytokeeptheminmind.Step3Practiceforusefulwordsandexpressions1．TurntoPage28.GothroughtheexercisesinDiscoveringusefulwordsandexpressionswithstudentsandmakesuretheyknowwhattodo。2．Givethemseveralminutestofinishtheexercises。Theyfirstdothemindividually，andthendiscussandcheckthemwiththeirpartners。3．Checktheanswerswiththewholeclassandexplaintheproblemstheymeetwherenecessary.Step4Studyingimportantlanguagepoints1．However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang”thatthrewmatterinalldirections。然而，一種普遍為人們所接受的理論是：宇宙起源于一次大爆炸，這次大爆炸將物質投射到四面八方。句子中的thatthrewmatterinalldirections是定語從句.accordingto：asstatedby（sb。）orin(sth.)根據AccordingtoJohn，youwereinEdinburghlastweek。據約翰說，你上周在愛丁堡.You'vebeeninprisonsixtimesaccordingtoourrecords.根據我們的記錄,你曾入獄六次。BigBang：宇宙大爆炸2．Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4。5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.地球會變成什么（樣子），直到45億至38億年前這個云團變成一個固體的球狀物，才確定下來。句子中含有兩個從句。Whatitwastobecome是主語從句；whenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe是定語從句，先行詞為years.3．Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot。地球變得激烈動蕩，不知道這個固體形狀是否會繼續存在下去.句子中的it為形式主語，真正的主語是主語從句whethertheshapewouldlastornot。為了避免主語顯得過長,可以用it作為句子的主語，把主語從句移到句子的末尾。例如:Itishardtounderstandwhythereisgravity.很難理解為什么會有地球引力。Itisnotclearhowgoldwasfoundthere.那兒是怎么發現金子的還不清楚.4．Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen，watervapourandothergases，whichweretomaketheearth'satmosphere.它們最終產生了碳、氮氣、水蒸氣和其他多種氣體,從而形成了地球的大氣層.句子中的whichweretomaketheearth'satmosphere是非限制性定語從句,修飾carbon，nitrogen，watervapourandothergases。intime：soonerorlater；eventually遲早；最后Youwillsucceedintime.你遲早會成功的.intime（forsth./todosth。）：notlate及時;不遲Shewillbebackintimetopreparedinner.她來得及回來準備晚飯。in/outoftime：in/notinthecorrecttime合/不合節拍Theaudienceclappedintimetothemusic。觀眾合著音樂的節拍拍手。(sth。）beto（do)：(something）willdefinitelyhappen，oritmusthappen不可避免要發生或必須發生Theysaidgoodbye，littleknowingthattheywerenevertomeetagain.他們彼此說了再見，幾乎不知道再也不可能見面了。Sheistobehonouredforthisgreatwork。她一定會因這部偉大的著作而獲得榮譽.Mr.Clarksaidtohisdaughter,“Youaretobehomeby10o'clockatthelatest。”克拉克先生對他的女兒說：“你必須在10點之前到家.”5．Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown，waterbegantoappearonitssurface。更重要的是，隨著地球的冷卻，地球的表面就開始出現了水.這是一個復合句，其中含有三個從句。Whatisevenmoreimportant是主語從句；thatastheearthcooleddown，waterbegantoappearonitssurface是表語從句；astheearthcooleddown是時間狀語從句。6．Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife。水對于生命的發展起關鍵作用，這一點在當時并不明顯。句子中it為形式主語，thatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife是主語從句。7．Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas。很多科學家相信,由于地球上長期有水存在，使地球得以把有害氣體和酸性物質溶解在海洋里。這是一個復合句,其中含有兩個從句.Whatmanyscientistsbelieve是主語從句；thatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas是表語從句。allowvt.permit允許、許可、容許常用于下列結構：allow＋n。/pron。/doing；allowsb。todo；beallowedtodo。Myfatherdoesn’tallowsmokingathome。Infacthedoesn'tallowustosmokeanywhereatanytime。父親不允許在家里吸煙.實際上,他不允許我們在任何地方任何時候吸煙。Areweallowedtousethecomputer?我們可以用電腦嗎？8．Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish。它們繁殖起來,使得海洋充滿了氧氣，這就為后來早期貝類及其他各種魚類的發育進一步創造了條件。句子中的whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish是非限制性定語從句。名詞后綴.ment加在動詞之后表示：1)行為。argument，betterment，development，treatment2）結果。arrangement，settlement，statement3）工具。instrument，pavement9．Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.它們一般是通過孵蛋而繁衍后代的。bydoing用于說明做某事的手段、方式.Heusedtomakehislivingbypainting.他以前是靠畫畫為生的。Idon'tthinkshecanhelphimbyjustgivinghimmoney.我認為她光靠給錢是幫不了他的。10．Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears。它們也生蛋，在地球上存在了一億四千多萬年。exist1）vi.berealoractual；havebeing存在；有TheRomanEmpireexistedforseveralcenturies。羅馬帝國存在了好幾個世紀。Contradictionsexisteverywhere.到處存在著矛盾。Saltexistsmostlyinseawater.海水中存在的鹽分最多。2）vi.continueliving；survive活下來；幸存Sopoortheycanhardlyexist.他們窮得幾乎無法過活。Onecannotexistwithoutair。人沒有空氣就不能生存。Theoldladyexistsonlyoncoffeeandbread.老太太僅靠咖啡面包生活.11．Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast，becausetheygavebirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandproducedmilktofeedthem.這些動物不同于以往的所有生命形式,它們生幼仔并給它們哺乳。(sb。/sth.）bedifferentfrom：notlikesomeoneorsomethingelseinoneormoreways與……不同Citylifeisquitedifferentfromcountrylife.都市生活與鄉村生活是非常不同的.注意：1）強調different時用very，much，quite,entirely,totally等詞。2）有時，美語口語中用than，英語口語中用to來代替from。givebirthto(sb。/sth.）：produceyoung生孩子；產仔Shegavebirthto(ahealthybaby）lastnight.她昨天晚上生了（一個健康的嬰兒）.Marx’sideasgavebirthtoCommunism。馬克思的思想孕育了共產主義。12．Thustheyhave，intheirturn，becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.因此，他們接著成了這個星球上的最重要的動物。inone’sturn輪到某人；接著Hehasbecomemonitorinhisturn。輪到他當了班長.inturn：oneaftertheother；insuccession依次；逐個的Thegirlscalledouttheirnamesinturn。那些女孩逐一報出自己的名字。byturns：oneaftertheother；inrotation輪流地;逐個地Wedidtheworkbyturns.我們是輪流做這項工作的.13．Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere，whichpreventsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.他們把過多的二氧化碳釋放到大氣層中,這使得地球上的熱不能釋放到太空中去。句子中的whichpreventsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace是非限制性定語從句,關系代詞which代替的是前面整句的內容。preventsb./sth。（fromdoingsth。）:stoporhindersb./sth.阻止或妨礙某人或某事物preventthespreadofadisease/preventadisease（from）spreading防止某種疾病的蔓延Nothingcanpreventtheirplans（from)beingcarriedout.什么也不能阻止他們的計劃得以實施。14．Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved。所以，在未來的數百萬年中,生命能否在地球上延續取決于這個問題能否得到解決。句子中有兩個whether引導的從句，前者為主語從句，后者為賓語從句。formillionsofyearstocome中不定式tocome作定語，與前面的名詞之間有邏輯上的主謂關系，例如:Sheisthelastpersontodosuchathing。她是最不像會做這種事的人.（sth.）dependon（sth.else）：somethingmightonlyhappenorbetrueifthecircumstancesarerightforit取決于；決定于Oursuccessdependsonwhethereveryoneworkshardornot。我們的成敗取決于是否每個人都努力工作。Step5Usingwords，expressionsandpatternsDoexercisesinUsingWordsandExpressionsonPage63。Thefollowingproceduresmaybefollowed：1．Gothroughtheexerciseswithstudentsandmakesuretheyknowwhattodo。2．Severalminutesforstudentstofinishthemindividually，andthendiscussandcheckthemwiththeirpartners。3．Checktheanswerswiththewholeclass。4．Iftimepermits，explaintheproblemsstudentsmeetwherenecessary。Step6Homework1．FinishofftheWorkbookexercises。2．Learnthenewwordsandexpressionsbyheart.備課資料ReferenceinformationTheBigBangisthetermusedtodescribeahugeexplosionthatscientistsbelievehappenedaround15billionyearsago，creatingouruniverse.NobodyknowswhatcausedtheBigBang，sincewecannotlookbacktoatimebeforeit。Butjustaftertheevent，theuniverseisbelievedtohavebeenaknotoftightlypackedparticlesonlyaboutthesizeofapea。ItstemperaturewastenthousandtrilliontrilliondegreesCelsius。Theuniverseismadeupofstars，planets，andothermatterscatteredthroughoutspace.Agalaxyisahugecollectionofstarsheldtogetherbygravity.Thereareprobablyoverabilliongalaxiesintheuniverse。Theycomeinthreebasicshapes：spiral，elliptical，andirregular。Thesunisjustoneofthecommon-sizedstarscontainedwithinourhomegalaxy，theMilkyWay。TheMilkyWayisalargespiralgalaxymeasuringabout100000light。yearsacross。Itisabout14billionyearsoldandtakes225millionyearsorsotorotateonce。Likeallspirals，itcontainsplentyofgasanddust，fromwhichnewstarsareformed。Thedensenucleusistheoldestpartandhasnogasleftforanewstar.Oursolarsystemismadeupofthesunandtheobjectsthatorbitit.Theseincludetheeightplanetsandtheirmoons，aswellasasteroids，comets，andmeteors。Starsarelargeballsofhotgasthatproducelightandheatthroughnuclearreactions。Oursunisanaverageyellowstar,butseemsbrightbecauseitissoclose。ThebirthofastarAstarbeginsitslifebycondensingoutofmaterialfromacloudofdustandgas。Whenthestar’stemperatureishighenough，nuclearreactionsbeginandhydrogenconvertstohelium，creatingasteadyglow。Yellowstars，suchasthesun，mayshinesteadilyforbillionsofyearsbeforeexpandingandcoolingintoredgiants.Finallytheycollapseintosmall,densewhitedwarfsandthendie。Thesunistheneareststartotheearth.Itisaglobeofhotgas，mostlyhydrogen,andliesatthecenterofoursolarsystem.Itcontainsnosolidmaterial。Planetsarethelargestobjectsthatcirclearoundthestars.Theymayberocky，liketheearth，ormademostlyofgasandliquid，likeJupiter。ThewordplanetisGreekfor“wanderer”．Thenamecomesfromthewayplanetsappeartomoveagainstthestarsovertime.Itisthoughtthattheplanetsformedataboutthesametimeasthesun.Astheoriginalcloudofgasanddustcollapsedtoforthesun，somematterwass