中國美容美發市場深度調研及投資前TestTimeCanyoutellwhichphotographsarerealandwhicharefake?Sohowdotheydothis?Moretechnology=EasiermanipulationSoftwareisaffordable,easy,andfast.ThemostpopularsoftwareisAdobePhotoshop.AdobePhotoshopPhotoshopisusedforWebgraphics,visualeffectsandprintillustration.ColorcorrectionFlawremovalAdvancedcroppingtoolsIt“ripsthroughcomplextaskswithimpressivedexterityandspeed.”DallasMorningNewsMichaelElinsManipulationforNewsMultipleinstancesexistwherephotographyinahardnewsmediumhasseenitscontentdigitallyaltered.NationalGeographic’s1982coveroftheGizapyramidsNewYorkNewsday’s1994coverofTonyaHardingandNancyKerriganNewsweek’s1997coverofBobbiMcCaugheyWhatdothesealterationsdo?Doesthephotograph’smeaningchange?Willreaderslosetrust?Istheeffectofjournalisticphotographylost?TheAssociatedPress’sOpinionTheonlymanipulationthatoccursistechnicaldarkenandlighteningaprintcleaningupdustspotsImageisseenmoreclearly“Thecontentofaphotographwillneverbechangedormanipulatedinanyway.”MoreEthicalIssuesMinimizebiasWhataboutthis?What’sthedifference? Newsphotographyvs.featureandentertainmentphotographyLessseriouscontextmakesiteasiertomanipulateCurrenteventsvs.consumersManipulationforFeaturesNewsweekusedacompositedimageoftwostaractors,DustinHoffmanandTomCruise.ManipulationforEntertainmentExampleTVGuideusedazipperheadalteration,placingoneperson’sheaduponanother’sbody,ina1989issue,placingOprahWinfrey’sheadonactressAnnMargret’sbody.Example1989coverphotographofDonJohnson.Entertainment(contd.)NocontroversywithfashionmagazinesRemovewrinkles,blemishes,etc.ElongatelimbsMagicallyshedpounds“Thechangingfaceofbeauty”MagazineCoversWhatdidthesealterationsdo?Aremanipulationspassedoffasreality?SimoneManipulationforArtArtistshavealwayshadthecapabilitytorearrangereality.PaintingPhotographyJerryUelsmannWhatdothesealterationsdo?Istherealimittoartisticlicense?Shouldrulesbedevelopedandapplied?DarkroomComputerHowdoesthisallrelate?Thedangerinusingdigitalmanipulationariseswhenthelinebetweendifferentformsofmediablurs.NewsEntertainmentFashionArtDoesaphotographcarrythesameweightacrossmediumsandtime?“