專升本英語（閱讀）模擬試卷72

一、閱讀理解（本題共25題，每題7.0分，共25分。）

Lookingbackonmychildhood,Iamconvincedthatnaturalistsarcbornandnotmade.

Althoughwewereallbroughtupinthesameway,mybrothersandsisterssoon

abandonedtheirpressedflowersandinsects.Unlikethem,Ihadnoearformusicand

languages.IwasnotanearlyreaderandIcouldnotdomentalarithmetic.BeforeWorld

WarIwespentoursummerholidaysinHungary.Ihaveonlythedimmemoryofthe

housewelivedin,ofmyroomandmytoys.NordoIrecallclearlythelargefamilyof

grand-parents,aunts,unclesandcousinswhogatherednextdoor.ButIdohaveacrystal-

clearmemoryofthedogs,thefarmanimals,thelocalbirdsand,aboveall,theinsects.I

amanaturalist,notascientist.Ihaveastrongloveofthenaturalworld,andmy

enthusiasmhasledmeintovariedinvestigations.Ilovediscussingmyfavoritetopicsand

enjoyburningthemidnightoilwhilereadingaboutotherpeople'sobservationsand

discoveries.Thensomethinghappensthatbringstheseobservationstogetherinmy

consciousmind.Suddenlyyoufancyyouseetheanswertotheriddle,becauseitall

seemstofittogether.Thishasresultedinmypublishing300papersandbooks,which

somemighthonorwiththetitleofscientificresearch.Butcuriosity,akeeneye,agood

memoryandenjoymentoftheanimalandplantworlddonotmakeascientist;oneofthe

outstandingandessentialqualitiesrequiredisself-discipline,aqualityIlack.Ascientist

requiresnotonlyself-disciplinebuthardtraining,determinationandagoal.Ascientist,

uptoapoint,canbemade.Anaturalistisborn.Ifyoucancombinethetwo,yougetthe

bestofbothworlds.

1、Thefirstparagraphtellsusthattheauthor.

A、wasborntoanaturalist'sfamily

B、losthishearingwhenhewasachild

C>didn'tlikehisbrothersandsisters

D、wasinterestedinHov/ersandinsectsinhischildhood

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：從文章第一段第二句"Althoughwcwereallbroughtupinthesame

way,mybrothersandsisterssoonabandonedtheirpressedflowersandinsects.”可推

知作者的兄弟姐妹不久就放棄了這種愛好，而作者卻沒有。因此選D。

2、Theauthorcan'trememberhisrelativesclearlybecause.

A、hedidn'tliveverylongwiththem

hewasfullyoccupiedwithobservingnature

C、hewastooyoungwhenhelivedwiththem

D、thefamilywasextremelylarge

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：從第二段最后一句"ButIdohaveacrystal-clearmemoryofthedogs,

thefarmanimals,thelocalbirdsand,abovealLtheinsects.”可推斷出答案是B。

3、Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?

A、Theauthorbelievesthatabomnaturalistcannotbeascientist.

B、Theauthor'sbrothersandsistersweregoodatmusicandlanguages.

C、Theauthorreadalotofbooksaboutthenaturalworldandtheoilindustry.

D、Theauthorspentaloloftimeworkingonriddles.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：由第一段倒數(shù)第二句"Unlikethem,Ihadnoearformusicand

languages.”可推斷出作者的兄弟姐妹們都很擅長音樂和語言。其他幾項(xiàng)都同文意

不相符。

4、Theauthorsaysthatheisanaturalistratherthanascientistprobablybecausehe

thinkshe.

A、lackssomeofthequalitiesrequiredofascientist

B、hasagreatdealoftroubledoingmentalarithmetic

C、justreadsaboutotherpeople'sobservationsanddiscoveries

D、comesupwithsolutionsinamostnaturalway

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：第四段第一句說到”...oneoftheoutstandingandessentialqualities

requiredisself-discipline,aqualitylack.”因止匕選A。

5、Accordingtotheauthor,abornnaturalistshouldfirstofallbe.

A、fullofambition

B、fullofenthusiasm

C、knowledgeable

D、self-disciplined

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：從文章第三段第二句"Ihaveastrongloveofthenaturalworld,andmy

enthusiasmhasledmeintovariedinvestigations.”可布知一個(gè)天生的自然學(xué)家最首要

的條件是enthusiasm。故選B。

Sportingactivitiesareessentiallymodifiedformsofhuntingbehavior.Viewed

biologically,themodernfootballerisinrealityamemberofahuntinggroup.Hiskilling

weaponhasturnedintoaharmlessfootballandhisprey（獵物）intoagoal-mouth.Ifhis

aimisaccurateandhescoresagoal,heenjoysthehunter'striumphofkillinghisprey.To

understandhowthistransformationhastakenplace,wemustbrieflylookbackatour

forefathers.Theyspentoveramillionyearsevolvingasco-operativehunters.Theirvery

survivaldependedonsuccessinthehunting-field.Underthispressuretheirwholewayof

life,eventheirbodies,becamegreatlychanged.Theybecamechasers,runners,jumpers,

aimers,throwersandprey-killers.Theyco-operatedasskillfulmale-groupattackers.

Thenabouttenthousandyearsago,afterthisimmenselylongperiodofhuntingtheir

food,theybecamefarmers.Theirimprovedintelligence,sovitaltotheiroldhuntinglife,

wasputtoanewuse—thatofcontrollinganddomesticatingtheirprey.Thehuntbecame

suddenlyoutofdate.Thefoodwasthereonthefarms,awaitingtheirneeds.Therisks

anduncertaintiesofthehuntwerenolongeressentialforsurvival.Theskillsandthirst

forhuntingremained,however,anddemandednewoutlets.Huntingforsportreplaced

huntingfornecessity.Thisnewactivityinvolvedalltheoriginalhuntingsequences,but

theaimoftheoperationv/asnolongertoavoidstarvation.Insteadthesportsmensetoff

totesttheirskillagainstpreythatwerenolongeressentialtotheirsurvival.Tobesure,

thekillmayhavebeeneaten,buttherewereother,muchsimplerwaysofobtaininga

meatymeal.

6、Theauthorbelievesthatsportingactivities.

A、areformsofbiologicaldevelopment

B、areessentiallyformsoftamingtheprey

C^haveactuallydevelopedfromhunting

D、havechangedthewayofhunting

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：由文章第一段第一句"Sportingactivitiesareessentiallymodifiedforms

ofhuntingbehavior.”可知正確答案是Co

7、Inafootballgame,whatisequaltothepreyinhuntingis.

A、anymemberoftheopposingteam

B、thegoal-mouth

C^thegoalkeeper

D、thefootball

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：由第一段第三句"Hiskillingweaponhasturnedintoaharmlessfootball

andhisprey(獵物)intoagoal—mouth.”可知B正確。

8、Foroveramillionyears,ourforefatherswerebasically.

A、co-operatinghunters

B、successfulfarmers

C、runnersandjumpers

D、skillfulsportsmen

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：第二段第二句說到“Theyspentoveramillionvearsevolvingasco-

operativehunters.”因此選A。

9、Theword^operation"(Para.4)refersto.

A、domesticatinganimals

B、hunting

C、preykilling

D、sportsactivities

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析:從上下文準(zhǔn)測“Thisnewactivityinvolvedalltheoriginalhunting

sequences,buttheaimoftheoperationwasnolongertoavoidstarvation.”在這里the

operation和newactivity相對應(yīng)。只有D項(xiàng)正確。

10、Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

A、Itisfarmingthatgiveshumanbeingsenoughleisuretimeforsportingactivities.

B、Farmingisveryimportantinhumancivilizationbecauseitsaveshumanbeingsfrom

risksanduncertaintiesofhuntingforsurvival.

C^Itishuntingthatprovideshumanbeingswithmuchsimplerwaysofobtainingmeaty

meals.

D、Sportingactivitiessatisfythedesireofmodernmantoexercisehuntingskillswhich

hisforefathersdevelopedfbrsurvival.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：文章第一段講了足球起源，而第二、三段講了過程的發(fā)展，最后一段

講一些區(qū)別。只有D概括了整個(gè)內(nèi)容。

Asubjectwhichseemstohavebeeninsufficientlystudiedbydoctorsandpsychologistsis

theinfluenceofgeographyandclimateonthepsychologicalandphysicalhealthof

mankind.Thereseemsnodoubtthatthegeneralcharacterofthelandscape,therelative

lengthofdayandnight,andtheclimatemustallplayabigpartindeterminingwhatkind

ofpeopleweare.Itistruethatafewstudieshavebeenmade.Wherealltheinhabitantsof

particularareaenjoyexceptionallygoodorbadhealth,scientistshaveidentified

contributoryfactorssuchasthepresenceorabsenceofsubstanceslikeiodine,fluoride,

calcium,orironinthewatersupply,orperhapstypesoflandthatprovidebreedingplaces

forpestslikemosquitoesorrats.Moreover,wecanallgeneralizeabouttypesofpeople

wehavemet.Thoselivingincountrieswithlongdarkwintersareapttobelesstalkative

andlessvivacious（活潑的）thaninhabitantsofcountrieswheretheclimateismore

equable（穩(wěn)定）.Andwheretheoliveandtheorangegrow,theretheinhabitantsare

cheerful,talkative,andspontaneous.Butthesecommonplacegeneralizationsare

inadequate:theinfluenceofclimateandgeographyshouldbestudiedindepth.Doall

mountaindwellerslivetoaripeoldage?Doesthedrinkingofwine,ratherthanbeer,

resultinasunnyandopentemperament?IsthestrengthandheightofoneoftheKenyan

tribesduetotheirhabitualdrinkingofthebloodofcows?Wearenotyetsureofthe

answerstosuchquestions,butletushopethatsomethingofbenefittomankindmay

eventuallyresultfromsuchstudies.

11、mightserveasasuitabletitleforthisselection.

A^TheImportanceofGeographicalEnvironment

B、TheInfluenceofGeographicalEnvironmentonMan

C、GeneralizationofTypesofPeople

D、GeographicalEnvironment,aMysteriousSubject

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：文章先提出一個(gè)問題，而后是說明。文章的段首“Asubjectwhich

seemstohavebeeninsufficientlystudiedbydoctorsandpsychologistsistheinfluenceof

geographyandclimateonthepsychologicalandphysicalhealthofmankind.''即是中

心。故選Bo

12>Usingcontextclueswemayinferthat"iodine,fluoride,andcalcium"are.

A、substanceswhichactpositivelyornegativelyonman'shealth

B、harmfulsubstancesinthewatersupply

C、substanceswhichhelpprovidebreedingplacesforpests

D、substancescontributorytogoodhealth

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：結(jié)合上F文“Wherealltheinhabitantsofparticularareaenjoy

exceptionallygoodorbadhealth,scientistshaveidentifiedcontributoryfactorssuchas

thepresenceorabsenceofsubstanceslikeiodine,fluoride,calcium,orironinthe

watersupply…”可知科學(xué)家已識別造成居民身體好壞的一些因素，其中包括

“iodine,fluoride,calcium”,故選A。此題的關(guān)鍵要讀出exceptionallygoodorbad

health和thepresenceorabsenceo

13、Wemayinferfromthethirdparagraphthatgeographyandclimateplayanimportant

roleindeterminingtheinhabitants,.

A、healthcondition

B、personality

C、life-span

D、alloftheabove

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：從文章第三段的"talktive”“vivacious”“cheerful￥rspontaneok^i^nf

以推斷出本段主要講的是氣候?qū)π愿竦挠绊憽Ｒ虼薆項(xiàng)正確。

14、Accordingtotheauthor,researchintotheinfluenceofgeographyandclimate

should.

A、focusonsomeunknownaspects

B、bepursuedonalargerscale

C、becarriedoutwithinalargerscope

D、gomuchdeeper

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：文章第四段第一句說到“Butthesecommonplacegeneralizationsare

inadequate：theiniluenceofclimateandgeographyshouldbestudiedindepth.”在文

中indepth與答案gomuchdeeper屬于同義替換。

15NTheauthorhopesthatstudiesontheinfluenceofgeographicalenvironmentwill

enableusto.

ANgeneralizebetterabouttypesofpeople

B、findbetterwatersupplies

C、gainaninsightintoitsinfluenceonmankind

D、livetoaripeoldage

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：文章最后一句話“…butletushopethatsomethingofbenefittomankind

mayeventuallyresultfromsuchsludies."表明了作者的希望。C總結(jié)最全面。故選

Co

Theagriculturerevolutioninthenineteenthcenturyinvolvedtwothings;theinventionof

labor-savingmachineryandthedevelopmentofscientificagriculture.Labor-saving

machinerynaturallyappearedfirstwherelaborwasscarce."InEurope,1'saidThomas

Jefferson,"theobjectistomakethemostoftheirland,laborbeingsufficient;hereitisto

makethemostofourlabor,landbeingabundant."ItwasinAmerica,therefore,thatthe

greatadvancesinthenineteenthcenturyagriculturalmachineryfirstcame.Atthe

openingofthecentury,withtheexceptionofacrude（粗糙的）plow,farmerscouldhave

carriedpracticallyalloftheexistingagriculturaltoolsontheirbacks.By1860,mostof

themachineryinusetodayhadbeendesignedinanearlyform.Themostimportantof

theearlyinventionswastheironplow.Asearlyas1890CharlesNewboltofNewJersey

hadbeenworkingontheideaofacast-ironplowandspenthisentirefortunein

introducinghisinvention.Thefarmers,however,wouldhomenoneofit,claimingthat

theironpoisonedthesoilandmadetheweedsgrow.Nevertheless,manypeopledevoted

theirattentiontotheplow,untilin1869,JamesOliverofSouthBend,Indiana,turnedout

thefirstchilled-steelplow.

16、Theword"here'1inLine4refersto.

A^Europe

B、America

C>NewJersey

D^Indiana

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)上下文，這里的“here”指的是美國。

17、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

A、TheneedforlaborhelpedtheinventionofmachineryinAmerica.

B、ThefannerrejectedCharlesNewbolfsplowfbrfearofruinoftheirfields.

C^BothEuropeandAmericahadgreatneedforfarmmachinery.

D、ItwasinIndianathatthefirstchillcd-stcclplowwasproduced.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：文章第三句說到："InEurope,theobjectistomakethemostoftheir

land,laborbeingsufficient；hereitistomakethemostofourlabor,landbeing

abundant."（在歐洲，由于勞動(dòng)力充足，所以要充分利用土地；而在美國，由干土

地充足，所以要充分使用勞動(dòng)力。）因此說歐洲和美國都急需農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化是錯(cuò)誤

的。C為正確答案。

18、Thepassageismainlyabout.

A^theagriculturerevolution

B>theinventionoflabor-savingmachinery

C、thedevelopmentofscientificagriculture

D^thefarmingmachineryinAmerica

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：文章的主旨應(yīng)當(dāng)是“節(jié)省勞動(dòng)力的機(jī)器的發(fā)明”。

19>Attheopeningofthenineteenthcentury,farmersinAmerica.

A、preferredlighttools

wereextremelyself-reliant（自給的）

C、hadmanytools

D、hadveryfewtools

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：文章第五句說到："Attheopeningofthecentury,withtheexceptionof

acrudeplow,farmerscouldhavecarriedpracticallyalloftheagriculturaltoolstheir

backs."（在本世紀(jì)（19世紀(jì)）初，除了一把粗糙的耕犁之外，農(nóng)民可以把其余所有的

農(nóng)具放在背上。）說明當(dāng)時(shí)的農(nóng)具很少。D為正確答案。

20、Itisimpliedbutnotstatedinthepassagethat.

A、therewasashortageofworkersonAmericanfarms

B、themostimportantoftheearlyinventionwastheironplow

C、after1869,manypeopledevotedtheirattentiontotheplow

D、CharlesNewbolthadmadeafortunebyhiscast-ironplow

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：文章暗含的內(nèi)容是“美國缺乏勞動(dòng)力”，

Katherinewalkedintoanewspaperoffice,anddemandedtoseetheeditor.Fortunately,

theeditorwaspassingtheinquiryofficewhensheaskedforhim.Seeingshewasagirlof

schoolage,hethoughtitmightofferhimanamusingfiveminutesbetweeninterviews.

Katherinewasveryrudeiohimwhenhetoldher（heydidn'tacceptschoolgirls.Shesaid

shewassurprisedthattheeditorofagreatLondonnewspaperdidnotknowhowto

behavelikeagentleman.Theeditorsatbackinhischairandlaughedheartily.Hehad

neverbeenspokentolikethatinhislife.Heratherlikeditforitsnovelty.Aftersome

furtherconversation,inwhichKatherineattemptedtopersuadehimthatshecoulddo

anythinghewanted,fromwritingaleadingarticletoaserialstory,shesaid:"Iamnot

goingtoleavethisroomuntilyouputmeonthestaff!"Thentheeditorhadtospeakto

herratherseriously,andtoldherwhatagreatLondonnewspapermeanttoa.girlandhow

utterlyignorantshewasofeverythingthatwouldmakeherusefulasajournalist.Upon

thisKatherineburstintotears,andtheeditor,whohaddismissedmanymeninthecourse

ofhiscareer,walkedupanddowntheroomwonderingwhathecoulddoforthis

extraordinaryyounggirlwhosetearfuleyesweresofullofdisappointment."Lookhere,"

hesaid,"ifyoucometomeintwoyears'time,withaknowledgeofshorthand,andifyou

promisenottoshedtearsonmyblotting-paper,Iwillgiveyousomethingtodo."

"Really?Ifyoudon'tmind,I'llhaveitinblackandwhite,"saidthegirl.Theeditorwas

startled.Hebegantothinkthatthisyounggirlwasnotsoyoungasshelooked.He

draftedoutanagreementforheronthelineslaiddownwithagreatdealofsolemnity（嚴(yán)

肅）whichhefoundquiteamusing,forhewasconfidentthattheyounggirlmightquiteas

wellchangehermindorwouldbeengagedtoaniceboylongbeforetheagreementtook

effect.

21、Therealreasonwhytheeditordecidedtointerviewthegirlwasthath