專升本英語（閱讀）模擬試卷69

一、閱讀理解（本題共25題，每題7.0分，共25分。）

Asprotectorofherfamily'shealth,thepioneerwomanconfrontedsituationsshenever

imaginedbeforecrossingtheMississippi.FewwomencameWestpreparedtodealwith

desertsunburn,rattlesnakebites,orarrowwounds.Evenwhendoctorswereavailable,

theywereoftennomoreknowledgeablethantheirpatients.Andmostpatentmedicines

werenomorereliablethanthetravelingmerchantswhosoldthem.Incertaincases,a

womancoulddrawuponthefolkwisdomandremediesshehadlearnedbackhome.

Westernmosquitoes,forexample,provedtobeasrepelledbyapasteofvinegarandsalt

asweretheirEasterncousins.Moreoften,however,awomanwasguidedonlybyher

ownskillinpreparingtonics,powders,poisons,andpolishesfromwhatevershehadat

hand:saltmadeapassabletoothpaste;gunpowderwasappliedtowarts",andturpentine

toopencuts;goosegrease,skunkoil,andtheever-presentlard(豬油)werebasic

liniments(?)察齊ll);medicinalteasandtonicsweremadefromsunflowerseedsandroots.

1、Accordingtothepassage,whyweredoctorsintheWestsometimesunabletohelp

theirpatients?

A、Theydidnotknowhowtotreattheunfamiliarillnesses.

B、Theyknewlittleaboutmedicine.

C、Theywerenotgenuinedoctors.

D、Theywereoftenovercomebydiseases.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章第一段第三句說到"Evenwhendoctorswereavailable,theywere

oftennomoreknowledgeablethantheirpatients.唧:醫(yī)生不比病人知道得多。此句

中“nomoreknowledgeable”和選項(xiàng)A吊的"didn'tknow”是同義替換。

2、Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutpatentmedicines?

A、Theywerenotavailable.

B、Fewdoctorsknewhowtousethem.

C、Theydidnotworkverywell.

D^Themerchantswhosoldthemwerereliable.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：從文章第一段最后一句中“Andmostpatentmedicineswerenomore

reliable…”可知這些藥的效果也不是很好。故C正確。

3、Itcanbeinferredthatmostofthepioneersreferredtointhepassagewereoriginally

fromintheUnitedStates.

A^thedesert

B>theWest

C>thestateofMississippi

D^theEast

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章第一段"FewwomencameWestpreparedtodealwithdesert

sunburn,rattlesnakebites,orarrowwounds.“可知她們不可能來自西部和沙漠地

帶，又由第一句中“beforecrossingtheMississippi”可知她們也不可能來自密西西

比。再結(jié)合地理知識(shí)可韭出她們大多數(shù)來自美國東部。

4、AsusedinLine3,Para.2,theword"cousins"refersto.

A、similarmedicines

mosquitoesintheEast

C、peoplewiththesamebeliefs

D、familymembersintheEast

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由第二段第二句"Westernmosquitoes,forexample,provedtobeas

repelledbyapasteofvinegarandsaltasweretheirEasterncousins.''可推理出cousins

指的是mosquitoesintheeasto這樣選詞主要是為避免重復(fù)。

5、ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinordertosurviveintheWestthepioneerhad

tobe.

A、sincere

B、friendly

C、resourceful

D、hard-working

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C」

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：通過全文節(jié)述可推斷出要想在西部生存的話必須要能夠足智多謀，隨

機(jī)應(yīng)變，即C項(xiàng)的意思。

Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviorsareformed.

Itisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot,orwhyoneis

cooperativeandanotheriscompetitive.Socialscientistsare,ofcourse,extremely

interestedinthesetypesofquestions.Theywanttoexplainwhywcpossesscertain

characteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviors.Therearenoclearanswersyet,buttwo

distinctschoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.Asonemightexpect,thetwo

approachesareverydifferentfromoneanother,andthereisagreatdealofdebate

betweenproponentsofeachtheory.Thecontroversyisoftenreferredtoas

"nature/nurture".Thosewhosupportthe"nature"sideoftheconflictbelievethatour

personalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalandgenetics（遺

傳學(xué)）factors.Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanything,todowithourabilities,

characteristics,andbehavioriscentraltothistheory.Takentoanextreme,thistheory

maintainsthatourbehaviorispredeterminedtosuchadegreethatwearealmost

completelygovernedbyourinstincts.Proponentsofthe"nurture"theory,or,astheyare

oftencalled,behaviorists,claimedthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanour

biologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.Abehaviorist,B.F.Skinner,

seeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviorisalmostcompletelyshapedbytheir

surroundings.Thebehaviorists'viewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic;they

maintainthat,likemachines,humansrespondtoenvironmentalstimuli（刺激）asthe

basisoftheirbehavior.Eitherofthesetheoriescannotyetfullyexplainhumanbehavior.

Infact,itisquitelikelythatthekeytoourbehaviorliessomewherebetweenthesetv/o

extremes.Thatthecontroversywillcontinueforalongtimeiscertain.

6、Whichoneofthefollowingstatementswouldsupportersofthennature"theoryagree

with?

A、Aperson'sinstinctshavelittleeffectonhisaction.

Environmentisimportantindeterminingaperson'sbehaviorandpersonality.

C>Biologicalreasonshaveastronginfluenceonhowweact.

D、Thebehaviorists1viewcorrectlyexplainshowweact.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：從文章第三段開頭提到“Thosewhosupportthe'nature'sideofthe

conflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedby

biologicalandgenetics（遺傳學(xué)）factors.”可知C是正確答案。

7、Whichoneofihefollowingslalenienlswouldpioponenlsofthe"nurlure"theory

agreewith?

A^Aperson'scharacterisgreatlyinfluencedbyhisenvironment.

Behavioristtheoryisnotcorrect.

C>Biologicallybasedinstinctsareimportantinhowweact.

D^Environmenthaslittletodowithbehavior.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由文章第四段第一句"Proponentsofthe'nurture'theory,or,astheyare

oftencalled,behaviorists,claimedthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanour

biologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.“可知在持"nurture”理論觀

點(diǎn)的人看來，環(huán)境決定我們的行為。因此選A。

8、B.F.Skinner.

A、supportsthenaturetheory

B、believesintheimportanceofgenesindeterminingpersonality

C、thinkstheenvironmentplaysanimportantroleindeterminingcharacter

D、believesinstinctsgovernbehavior

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第四段第二句提到“B.F.Skinner,seeshumansasbeingswhose

behaviorisalmostcompletelyshapedbytheirsurroundings.”此題關(guān)鍵是讀出被動(dòng)句

和shape的意思。文中的shape（塑造）與選項(xiàng)中的“playanimportantrolein

determing”是同義替換。

9、Concerningthenature/nurturecontroversy,thewriterofthisarticle.

A、supportsthenaturetheory

B、supportsthenurturetheory

C^believesbotharecompletelywrong

D、thinksthalthecorrectexplanationofhumanbehaviorwilltakeideasfromboth

theories

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：從文中第五段第二句"Infact,itisquitelikelythatthekeytoour

behaviorliessomewherebetweenthesetwoextremes.”可知D正確。

10>IntheUnitedSlates,BlackpeopleoftenscorebelowWhitepeopleonintelligence

tests.Withthisinmind,v/hichoneofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?

A、NatureproponentswouldsaythatWhitesaregeneticallysuperiortoBlacks.

SupportersofthenaturetheorywouldsaythatWhitesscorewellbecausetheyhavea

superiorenvironment.

C、BehavioristswouldsaythatBlackoftenlacktheeducationalandenvironmental

advantagesthatWhitesenjoy.

D、NurtureproponentswoulddisagreethatBlacksarebiologicallyinferiortoWhites.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：選項(xiàng)中的B是贊成“天性”學(xué)說的人認(rèn)為美國人取得高分是因?yàn)樗麄?/p>

處的環(huán)境比較優(yōu)越，這與其生物和遺傳對(duì)人的影響較大的觀點(diǎn)相沖突。故選B。

Whileanewschooltermisabouttobegin,perhapsweshouldreconsiderthematterof

examinations.InJuly,twowriters(LetterstotheEditor)praisedthecancellationof

examsbecausetheybelieve"testsdon'ttellthewholestory."Asateacherwhohas

workedinfourcountries,Ihavehadtheexperiencethatastudentwhocamsgoodmarks

isgenerallyagoodstudent,andthatastudent'sfinalmarkinasubjectisusuallyagrade

averageoftheyear'swork.Ofcoursethereareexceptions,buttheydonothavethe

frequencythatwouldgiveanunfairpictureofastudent'sability.Thesimplefactisthat

properclasswork,diligentexamstudiesandgoodmarksarealmostcertainindicatorsof

astudent'sfutureperformance.Theopposite,almostcertainly,incompetence.Thereisno

acceptablesubstituteforcompetitionandexaminationofquality.Howcanteachersand

futureofficialsdeterminewhatastudenthaslearnedandremembered?Shouldwcsimply

takethestudent'swordforit?Anyinstitutionthat"liberates"studentsfromfairand

formalexamsismisguided,ifnotignorant.Andsurelythe"graduates*1ofsuch

institutionswilllacktrustworthiness,nottomentionbeingrejectedbyforeignuniversities

forgraduateorotherstudies.Whenallissaidanddone,Isensethatafearoffailureanda

fearofunpleasantcomparisonswithothersisatthebottomofmostban-examstalk.

Excellenceandqualityfearnothing.Onthecontrary,theyseekcompetitionanddesire

thesatisfactionofbeingthebest.

11、Whichofihefollowingwilltheauthorofthispassageagreewith?

A^Testsarenoteffectiveinmeasuringthestudents,abilities.

B、Testsareaneffectivemeasureofthestudents'abilities.

C、Testscanonlymeasuresomeofthestudents*abilities.

D^Testsmaynotbeusefulfbrmeasuringstudents*abilities.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由文章的節(jié)述以及第四段第一句話“Thereisnoacceptablesubstitutefor

competitionandexaminationofquality.”可知作者認(rèn)為考試是檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生能力的一項(xiàng)

有效措施。故選B。

12、Thetwowritersmentionedinthefirstparagraph.

A、opposedjudgingstudentsbytheresultsofexams

B、musthaveproposedotherwaysoftestingstudents

C^regardedexamsasawayofpunishingstudents

D、seemedtobeworriedaboutthepoormarksoftheirstudents

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：從第一段第二句“…twowriters(LetterstotheEditor)praisedthe

cancellationofexamsbecausetheybelieve"testsdon'ttellthewholestory'."可知A正

確。

13、Accordingtothewriter,astudent'sfinalmark.

A、isoftenencouraging

B、oftengivesafairpictureoftheyear'swork

C、oftenprovesunreliable

D、oftentellswhetherhelikesthesubjectornot

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：從第二段第一句“…andthatastudent'sfinalmarkinasubjectisusually

agradeaverageoftheyear'swork.”可知正確答案為B<.

14、Ifastudentgraduatedfromauniversitywhichdoesnotrequireexamshe

would.

A^havetocontinuehisstudies

B、haveafeelingoffailure

C、beincompetent

D、notbeadmittedbyforeigninstitutions

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：從第四段末尾“Andsurelythe，graduates，ofsuchinstitutionswilllack

trustworthiness,nottomentionbeingrejectedbyforeignuniversitiesfbrgraduateor

otherstudies.”可推知正確答案為D。

15、Accordingtothearticle,thosewhodisliketheideaofexaminationsareprobably

afraidof.

A、competingwithotherstudents

B、beinggradedunfairly

C、workingtoohard

D、beingdismissedfromschool

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由最后一段第一句"Isensethatafearoffailureandafearofunpleasant

comparisonswithothersisatthebottomofmostban-examstalk.'訶推斷出A正確。

Asscientistslearnmoreaboutthecausesotearthquakes,theybecomebetterableto

predictthem,firstofall,theyknowthatquakesarelikelytooccurinareaswherethe

tectonicplates（底層地殼板塊）pushagainsteachother.Theystudytheseareasclosely,

usingdifferentinstruments.Theymeasurethevibrationsoftheearthwithseismographs

（地震儀）,whichrecordonrollsofpaperallmovemenis,bothlargeandsmall.Scientists

usuallyusetheRichterscale（里希特震級(jí)儀）namedafterafamousseismologist（地震

學(xué)家），forthesemeasurements.Whenanearthquakemeasuresover4~5ontheRichter

scale,itisstrongenoughtocausedamage.Scientistshavedeterminedthatanareaisnot

likelytohavealargeearthquakewhenmanysmallquakeshavebeenoccurring.When

thesmallquakesstop,thenpressurebuildsandastrongquakeismorelikely.Thereare

severalotherwaystopredictearthquakes.Scientistscanmeasurethetinychangesinthe

lilt（傾斜）ofthelandthathappenbeforeearthquakesoccur.Increasesintheamountof

radon（氨），asubstancefoundindeepwells,aswellasahigherlevelofwaterinthe

wells,canalsomeanthatanearthquakeislikelytooccur.Inaddition,scientistshave

foundthatsomeanimals,likedogs,behavestrangelybeforeanearthquake,theybecome

nervousandhowl（號(hào)叫）.Seismologistshavecorrectlypredictedseveralearthquakes.In

1975,theysaidthatanearthquakewouldoccurinLiaoningProvince,China,onemonth,

andthenonehour,beforeithappened.In1978,Russianscientistspredictedan

earthquakeintheAltaiMountainssixhoursbeforeitoccurred.However,notall

earthquakesarepredictable,andasystemforpredictingisnotyetperfected.Nothingon

thisearthiscertain.AlthoughpeoplewholiveinCaliforniaandJapanlivewiththe

possibilityofaseriousquake,perhapsthenextstrongearthquakewilloccursomewhere

outsidethe"RingofFire".

16、AccordingtotheinformationinPara.1seismographis.

A、acomputerlikeelectronicinstrumentforpredictingearthquakes

B、aspecialinstrumentforrecordingandmeasuringthevibrationsoftheearth

C、aninstrumentwhichseismologistsusetomakestudiesonthecausesofearthquakes

D、aninstrumentwithwhichseismologistsmeasurethepressurebetweentectonicplates

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章第一段第四句"Theymeasurethevibrationsoftheearthwith

seismographs（地震儀）,whichrecordonrollsofpaperallmovements,bothlargeand

small.”解釋了seismographs的意思，故B正確。

17、Accordingtothepassage,alargeearthquakeismostlikelytooccurinan

area.

A^whereaseriesofminorvibrationsoftheearthhavebeenoccurring

B、thatiswithinthe"RingofFire"butdoesnotseeanyvibrationoftheearth

C>wheremanysmallvibrationsoftheearthhavebeenoccurringandthenacalmperiod

follows

D、wheretectonicplatesfitintoeachotherproperly

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第一段最后兩句話“Scientistshavedeteirninedthat...ihenpressure

buildsandastrongquakeismorelikely.”與C選項(xiàng)吻合,故C正確。

18>Thefollowingsignsthatshowthecomingofanearthquakearementionedinthe

passageEXCEPTthat.

A、theamountofradonindeepwellsincreases

B、theearthgivesoffflashesoflight

C、thelevelofwaterinthewellsrises

D、someanimalsbecomenervousandbehavestrangely

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B」

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第二段開頭提到“Thereareseveralotherwaystopredictearthquakes...

可知B不是地震來臨的現(xiàn)象。

19>Accordingtothepassage,theearthquakeoccurredinChina'sLiaoningProvincein

1975.

A、wastwicepredictedbyseismologists

B、tookallthepeopleintheareabysurprise

C>wasfollowedbymanysmallvibrationsoftheearth

D、wascorrectlypredictedbyRussianseismologists

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章第二段第六句提到“In1975,theysaidthatanearthquakewould

occurinLiaoningProvince,China,onemonth,andthenonehour,beforeit

happened.”此題的關(guān)鍵是讀出“thenonehour”是第二次預(yù)測(cè)。故A正確。

20、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A、Notallearthquakesarepredictablealthoughseismologistshavecorrectlypredicted

some.

B、Seismologywasfullydevelopednowandearthquakepredictionisalwaysreliable.

C>Noearthquakepredictionisreliablesincenothingonthisearthiscertain.

D、Asystemforpredictingtheearthquakeisperfected,butpredictionisnotalways

correct.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章中第二段倒數(shù)第三句”…notallearthquakesarepredictable,anda

systemforpredictingisnotyetperfected.”與A對(duì)應(yīng)。

"...WearenotabouttoentertheInformationAge,butinsteadareratherwellintoit."

Presentpredictionsarethatby1990,aboutthirtymillionjobsintheUnitedStates,or

aboutthirtypercentofthejobmarket,willbecomputer-related.In1980,onlytwenty-one

percentofallUnitedStateshighschoolsownedoneormorecomputersforstudentuse.

Inthefallof1985,anewsurveyrevealedthathalfofUnitedStatessecondaryschools

havefifteenormorecomputersforstudentuse.Andnoweducationalexperts,

administrators,andeven(hegeneralpublicaredemandingthatallstudentsbecome

"computerliterate".Bytheyear2000knowledgeofcomputerswillbenecessaryinover

eightypercentofalloccupations.Soonthosepeoplenoteducatedincomputerusewillbe

comparedtothosewhoareprintilliteratetoday.Whatis"computerliteracy"?Theterm

itselfseemstoimplysomeextentof"knowing"aboutcomputers,butknowingwhat?The

currentopinionseemstobethatthisshouldincludeageneralknowledgeofwhat

computersare,plusalittleoftheirhistoryandsomethingofhowtheyoperate.Therefore,

itisvitalthateducatorseverywheretakeacarefullooknotonlyatwhatisbeingdone,but

alsoatwhatshouldbedoneinthefieldofcomputereducation.Today,mostadultsare

capableofutilizingamotorvehiclewithouttheslightestknowledgeofhowtheinternal

combustionengineworks.Weeffectivelyusealltypesofelectricalequipmentwithout

beingabletotelltheirhistoriesortoexplainhowtheywork.Businesspeopleforyears

havemadegooduseoftypewritersandaddingmachines.Yetfewhaveeverknownhow

torepairthem.Why,then,attempttoteachcomputersbyteachinghoworwhythey

work?Rather,wefirstmustconcentrateonteachingtheeffectiveuseofthecomputeras

thetoolis,"Knowinghowtouseacomputeriswhat'sgoingtobeimportant.Wed