2/22022年【暑假分層作業】高二英語（人教版2019必修）復習第04練語法過關練1(定語從句)I.定語從句概述定語從句起了形容詞的作用，在句中修飾一個名詞或代詞。被修飾的詞叫做先行詞，引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞，他的作用一是放在先行詞與定語從句中間起了連接作用，二是在從句中擔當一個成分，并與先行詞保持數的一致。關系詞先行詞從句成分例句備注關系代詞who人主語Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?whom,which和that在從句中做賓語時，常可以省略，但介詞提前時后面關系代詞不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人賓語Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworkingTheboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar..whose人或物定語Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.that人或物主語，賓語Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.which物主語，賓語Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.as人或物主語，賓語Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.as做賓語一般不省略關系副詞when時間時間狀語Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.可用onwhichwhere地點地點狀語ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.可用inwhichwhy原因原因狀語Ican’timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.可用forwhichII.that與which,who,whom的用法區別情況用法說明例句只用that的情況1.先行詞為all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,等不定代詞時2.先行詞被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修飾時3.先行詞有形容詞最高級和序數詞修飾時4.先行詞既指人又指物時5.先行詞被theonly,thevery修飾時6.句中已經有who或which時，為了避免重復時1.Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.2.Allthebooksthatyouofferedhasbeengivenout.3.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverread.4.Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.5.HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.6.Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech?只用which,who,whom的情況1.在非限制性定語從句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人2.在由“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。3.先行詞本身是that時，關系詞用which,先行詞為those,one,he時多用who。1.Hehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.2.Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.3.Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.III.as、which和that的區別從句區別例句限制性定語從句中名詞前有such和thesame修飾時，關系代詞用as,不能用whichHeisnotsuchafoolashelooks.Don’treadsuchbooksasyoucan’tunderstand.非限制性定語從句中as和which都可以指代前面整個主句。如果有“正如，象”的含義，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引導的從句只能放主句后，并無“正如”的意思。Theywonthegame,aswehadexpected.Theywonthegame,whichwehadn’texpected.Asiswellknown,heisafamousfilmstarinthe1980s.thesame...as和thesame...thatthesame...as指同類事物thesame...that指原物That’sthesametoolasIusedlastweek.（同類工具，不是同一把）That’sthesametoolthatIusedlastweek.那就是我上周用過的工具。注意：theway做先行詞時，定語從句可由that,inwhich引導或不用引導詞。IV.定語從句與其它從句（句型）的區別類別區別例句定語從句與并列句定語從句與并列句的主要區別在于：并列句有像and，but，so等并列連詞或兩個句子用分號連接，這時就不能再用引導定語從句的關系詞了。①MrLihasthreedaughters，noneof_____isanengineer．②MrLihasthreedaughters，butnoneof_____isadancer．從結構上看，①小題是定語從句，故填whom；②小題有并列連詞but，是并列句，故填代詞them。定語從句與狀語從句定語從句的前面有名詞作先行詞，而狀語從句沒有先行詞。Thisistheplacewhereweusedtoliveafewyearsago.這是幾年前我們居住的地方。（定語從句，先行詞為theplace）Let’sgowherewecanfindabetterjob.我們到能找到更好的工作的地方去吧。（地點狀語從句）定語從句修飾、限制、說明名詞，只能放在先行詞的后面，而狀語從句說明動作發生的情況，并且可以放在主句的前面。Doyouknowthetimewhentheclassisover?你知道下課的時間嗎？（定語從句）Itwasalreadyfiveo’clockwhentheclasswasover.=Whentheclasswasover,itwasalreadyfiveo’clock.當下課時己經是5點了。（時間狀語從句）When,where和why在引導定語從句時可以用“介詞＋which”的結構來替換，在引導狀語從句時卻不行。Thisisthefactoryinwhich(where)hisfatheronceworked.這就是他的父親曾經工作過的那個工廠。（定語從句）Putbackthebookwhereitwas.把書放回原處。（狀語從句）定語從句中的關系詞在從句中充當某種句子成分，因此去掉它則從句成分不完整；而結果狀語從句中的連接詞在從句中不作任何成分，去掉后從句的成分仍然完整。Itissuchaninterestingbookaswealllike.它是我們大家都喜歡的如此有趣的書。（as用作動詞like的賓語，它引導的是定語從句）Itissuchaninterestingbookthatwealllikeit.它是一本如此有趣的書，我們大家都喜歡它。（that不充當句子成分，故它引導的是結果狀語從句）定語從句與同位語從句定語從句在復合句中相當于形容詞，對先行詞起修飾、描述或限制的作用，與先行詞之間有從屬關系。同位語的作用相當于名詞，對前面的名詞給予補充說明或進一步解釋，是前面名詞的具體內容,與先行詞之間是同位關系。Thenewsthatshehadpassedtheexammadeherparentsveryhappy.她考試及格的消息使她父母親很高興。（同位語從句）此句中的同位語從句Thenewsthatshehadpassedtheexam可以改寫成表語從句：Thenewsisthathepassedtheexam.Thenewsthathetoldusinterestedallofus.他告訴我們的消息使大家都感興趣。（定語從句）Thenewsthathetoldus是定語從句，此句不能改寫為：Thenewsisthathetold

us.定語從句與強調句強調句的結構為“Itis／was＋被強調部分＋that＋從句”。被強調部分可以是除謂語以外的任何成分，當被強調部分是人時，還可用who代替that。這一句型中，一定不能因為被強調部分是表時間或地點的詞就用when或where代替that。①ItisonthemorningofMay1st_____ImetLiangWeiattheairport．②Itisthefactory_____MrWangworks．從結構上看：①小題是強調句，故填that。②小題則是定語從句，用上述方法轉換便知thefactory前差個介詞in，故填where。一、單項選擇1.Thechildisatthestage________shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.A.where B.which C.that D.when2.Gone______thedays______wesanganddancedhappily.A.have;when B.were;which C.are;when D.are;that3.Wearetalkingaboutthecase______hewasaccused______theft.A.that;in B.where,of C.which;to D.what;on4.Sincemanyformerdrugabusershavepsychologicalproblems,theyoftenneedsupportgroups________theycantalkabouttheirstrugglesandfindnewwaystomanageintheworld.A.which B.who C.where D.when5.Ihavesentherseveralletters,________shehasn’trepliedsofar,soIdecidetowriteheragain.A.withwhich B.inwhich C.towhich D.onwhich6.Thesolider______armsaremissinginthebattlehasjustgotafirstclassmerit.A.whose B.who C.whom D.which7.Hehasreachedapointofhislife________heissupposedtomakedecisionsofhisown.A.which B.where C.how D.why8.Thereason________hehasbeensuchasuccessis________henevergivesup.A.why,because B.that,what C.that,that D.why,that9.Childrenwhoarenotactiveor________dietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.A.who B.ofwhom C.whose D.that10.Theuseofgeneticengineeringshouldberestrictedtojustthosecases_____thehealthofthemotherorherbabyisthreatened.A.inwhich??? B.how C.ofwhom D.why11.Marinandhiswifebothgotoworkeverydaybybicycle,________contributestokeepingthebodyhealthy.A.as B.that C.which D.when12.Ifashoppingmallhaschairs________womencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeinit.A.which B.that C.where D.when13.Asportwithabroomonice________requiresbowling________makescurlingoneofthemostuniquesportsoutthere.A.that…precision B.that…diversityC./…precision D./…diversity14.Isittheschool________youoncestudiedfortwoyears________willberebuiltwiththehelpoftheHopeProject?A.where;that B.that;which C.when;which D.which;that15.Mr.Smithownedthisoilpaintinguntiltheearly1990s,________hegaveittohisgrandson.A.which B.when C.that D.onwhich16.Itisthetime________youspentonyourrose________makesyourrosesoimportant.A.when;that B.which;what C.that;which D.which;that17.Those______achievegreatthingsaretheoneswillingtobescaredbutnotscaredoff.A.what B.who C.which D.whom18.It’saremotevillagewithasmallpopulation,30%of________makealivinginfishingindustry.A.who B.whom C.whose D.that19.MyfavoritewriterisJ.KRowling,mostof________bookshavebeenadaptedforfilms.A.which B.that C.whom D.whose20.Theman________coatisblackiswaitingatthegate.A.who’s B.whose C.that D.ofwhich21.Ireachedintomywallet_________Idon’tusuallyhavecashandpulledoutall.A.which B.where C.when D.who22.Thisisthesecondworkplace_________Iusedtoworkat,manyworkersof__________stillhaveagoodrelationshipwithme.A.that,which B.where,which C.where,whom D.that,whom23.TheU.S.andRussiahaveclashedoverRussia’songoingmilitaryinvasionofUkraine,butspaceremainsonearea______thetwohistoricrivalsstillworktogether.A.where B.inwhere C.that D.as24.Thereason________I’mheretotellthestoryisthatImadetherightdecision.A.why B.because C.that D.which25.Doyouknowthepersonsandthethings_____theyaretalkingabout.A.that B.which C.who

. D.whom26.Helivesinaroom______windowsarebroken.A.which B.that C.ofwhich D.whose27.She’sgotherselfintoadangeroussituation______she’slikelytoloseherlife.A.which B.whose C.where D.that28.Thedaysaregone______physicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.A.when B.that C.where D.which29.Severalmonthsago,policeinBeijinglookedintoseveralcrimecases________personalinformationhadbeenillegallyaccessed.A.which B.where C.whose D.that30.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity________Iknow.A.it B.where C.that D.which31.Thevillagers,________hadbeenwashedawaybytheflood,receivedthegovernment'said.A.alltheirproperties B.alloftheirpropertiesC.allwhoseproperties D.allofwhoseproperties32.Trytoavoidsuchthings________willdoyouharm,unlessyoudon'tcareabouttherumorsfromalldirections.A.that B.as C.which D.asthat33.Theexcitementofdivingintotheseaishardtoexplainto________hasn’tdoneit.A.anyone B.thosewho C.whoeverthat D.someonewho34.Israelhasnotannouncedtheextent________itiswillingtowithdrawfromtheGolanHeights.A.that B.inwhich C.where D.towhich35.Two“stolen”notebookswrittenbyCharlesDarwinwereleftanonymouslyinabrightpinkgiftbag________theoriginalbluebox________thenotebookswerekeptinandaplainbrownenvelope.A.containing,where B.tocontain,which C.containing,/ D.tocontain,that36.Thecloserelationshipamongdefensecontractors,thePentagon(美國五角大樓)andpoliticianshasbecomeaUSmonster________seeksunceasingwaroverpeacefulcoexistence.A.who B.that C.forwhich D.whose37.Thereareawidevarietyofpiecesofmusic_________childrencandanceformeto_________.A.towhich;choosefrom B.withwhich;chooseC.withwhich;choosefrom D.towhich;choose38.ItisoneofthemostsurprisingmomentsinOscarshistory________actorWillSmithwalkedonstageandslappedChrisRockforajoke________RockmadeaboutSmith’swife’shair.A.which...that B.that...when C.when...that D.that...which39.Vancouverisveryinternational.Youcanfindneighborhoods________Greeks,EastIndians,Italians,andChinesecelebratetheircultures.A.where B.which C.whose D.forwhose40.Frommonuments________definehistory,totoweringskyscrapers,toalittleredlighthouseunderahugesuspensionbridge,you’llbetreatedspectacularviews.A.when B.that C.where D.whose二、語法填空1閱讀下面短文，按照句子結構的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個適當的詞或使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空。Awomaninbluejeansstoodatthewindowof___41___expensiveshop.Thoughshehesitatedforamoment,shefinallywentinandaskedtoseeadress___42___wasinthewindow.Theassistantwhoservedherdidnotlikethewayshewasdressed.___43___(look)atherscornfully,hetoldherthatthedress___44___(sell).Thewomanwalked___45___oftheshopangrilyanddecidedtopunishtheassistantnextday.Shereturnedtotheshopthefollowingmorningdressedinafurcoat,___46___ahandbaginonehandandalongumbrellaintheother.___47___seekingouttherudeassistantsheaskedforthesamedress.Notrealizingwhoshewas,theassistantwaseagertoserveherthistime.Withgreat___48___(difficult),heclimbedintotheshopwindowtogetthedress.Assoonasshesawit,thewomansaidshe___49___(not)likeit.Sheenjoyed____50____（she）makingtheassistantbringalmosteverythinginthewindowbeforefinallybuyingthedressshehadfirstaskedfor.2閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的內容（1個單詞）或括號內單詞的正確形式。Differentcountrieshavewildlydifferentformsofgreeting.IntheUSA,whenyoupassbysomeoneyouknow,anodisacceptable,andyouusuallyshakehandswithsomeoneyoufirstmeet.ButinLatincountries,afirmhandshake___51___(consider)rude.Inmyhomecountry,Mauritius,whenpeoplemeet,theyusuallykisseachother____52____thecheeks.ThisisalsocommoninFrance,____53____theactiscalledfairelabise.However,thisisnot___54___universalrule.DuringmyfirstweekintheUSA,IkissedeverysinglegirlImet.Myfriendshadtotellmethatthatwasinappropriate,___55___(leave)meingreatembarrassment.Whatiscommonhere,however,isforfriends_____56_____(hug)eachother–somethingIwasnotusedto.Hugsalwaysmakeme___57___(frighten)becauseIdon’treallylikethat.Thismayseemstrangesinceevenkissing___58___(stranger)isnormalinmycountry.NowthatIthinkaboutit,Ihatecheek-kissingaswell.Wouldn’titbe____59____(enjoy)tohaveagreetingcodethatis_____60_____(wide)acceptable?I’mnotsayingweshouldstartdoingthat,butwecansurelydosomethingtoavoidmisunderstanding.3Redenvelopeshaveplayed__61__importantpartinChineseNewYearforaslongasanyonecanremember.Sowhat’sthestorybehindtheredenvelopesduringChineseNewYear?Onepopularstory__62__(date)backtotheQinDynasty,whentheelderlywouldthreadcoinsontoaredstring.Thismoney__63__(call)yasuiqianinChinese,meaning“moneyprotectingoneselffromevilspirits”,andwasbelievedtoprotectelderpeoplefromsicknessand__64__(die).Astheprintingpressbecamemorecommon,theyasuiqianwasreplaced__65__redenvelopes.Anotherlegendtellsofavillage__66__ademon(惡魔)wouldterrorizechildrenatnight.Itwasbelievedthatthedemonwouldtouchthechildren’sheadswhiletheywereasleep,__67__(cause)seriousillness.Fromthere,atheoryemergedthatwhentheyprayed,thegodwouldsendeightfairiestoprotectthechild.Thefairieswoulddisguise(偽裝)__68__(they)aseightcoinsandhideunderthechild’spillow.Whenthedemongotclose,thecoinswouldbegintoshinevery__69__(bright),blindingthedemon.Wordbegantospreadandthevillagersstartedgivingredenvelopes__70__(fill)withcoinstoeachothertoputundertheirpillowsatnight.Astimepassed,redenvelopesbecameawaytobringgoodluckandprosperitytothereceiver.4閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的內容(1個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。Smelltheflowersbeforeyougotosleepandyoumayjustendupwithrosydreams.Haveawhiffofrotten(腐爛的)eggsduringthenightandyourdreamsmaybe____71____(pleasant).SosaysresearcherDr.BorisStuck,____72____invitedsleepingvolunteerstoarosevs.rotteneggtestintheUniversityHospitalMannheiminGermany.Thesubjectsdidn’tdreamaboutroses____73____eggs,butratherhefoundthatwhattheysmeltaffectedtheemotionsof____74____(they)dreams.Andifyouthink____75____(smell)haveasayindreams,waitforwhatTVtellsus.AUKstudyrevealsthatpeopleexposed____76____black-and-whitefilmandTVintheiryoutharetohavemonochromic(單色的)dreamsthroughouttheirlifemore____77____(probable).EvaMurzynfromtheUniversityofDundeetestedtwoagegroups—onehalf____78____(age)over55and____79____otherhalfunder25.Theresult?Under5%ofthedreamsoftheunder-25swereinblackandwhite._____80_____(watch)colorTVinchildhoodseemstobethereasonwhy.三、完成句子81.沒有錨的船任憑風浪擺布；同樣，沒有責任感的人被自己粗心草率的行為所左右。Ashipwithoutananchorisatthemercyofthewavesandwinds;likewise,________isatthemercyoftheirowncarelessandthoughtlessbehaviour.82.如有必要，你可以向醫生求助，從他們那兒你能得到更專業的幫助。(定從)____________,youcanturntodoctorsforhelp,___________.83.這項任務不容易的原因是團隊資源有限。Thereason________thiswasdifficult________________theteamhadlimitedresources.84.Theoldscientist,for________lifewashardinthepast,stillworkshardinhiseighties.（用適當的詞填空）85.眾所周知,無論電腦如何普及,有些工作得由人工完成。這就是電腦不能完全取代人的原因。________,________popularcomputersare,someworkmustbedonebyhand.________computerscan’tcompletelyreplacehumanbeings.86.Thedirector,___adorm-roomintheFilmAcademy,hasalreadymakefourfilms.(share)這位導演已經執導了四部電影，在電影學院求學時杰克與他同住在一間寢室。87.你還記得你加入我們俱樂部的那一天嗎?Doyouremembertheday________youjoinedourclub?88.這就是我兩年前住過的房子。Thisisthehouse________Ilivedtwoyearsago.89.我想讓你解釋一下你缺席的原因。I'dlikeyoutoexplainthereason________youwereabsent.90.這就是我過去工作的辦公室。Thisistheoffice________Iusedtowork.91.這是我的眼鏡，沒有它我看不清。Thesearemyglasses,________Icannotseeclearly.92.在漆黑的街上，沒有一個她可以求助的人。Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson________shecouldturnforhelp.93.盡管醫生和護士們盡了一切努力搶救病人，但他們仍然沒使他活過來。Althoughthedoctorsandnurses________,theywerestillnotabletobringhimtolife.94.太陽發出光和熱，這使得植物生長成為可能。(make+復合結構)Thesungivesofflightandheat,________.95.閱讀時關注字詞、習語、句子和語段,其中尤以句子最為重要。Payattentiontowords,idioms,sentencesanddiscourses,________________themostimportantissentences.96.我們之所以選擇這部電影，是因為它代表了我們學校的發展，這不僅有趣，而且有意義。Thereason_____