車輛制動裝置

制動機發(fā)展史DevelopmentHistoryofBrakingSystems主講人李西安ZHENGZHOURAILWAYVOCATIONAL&TECHNICALCOLLEGEVehicleBrakingDevice項目一ITEMONESpeakerLiXi’an客車制動機(PassengerCarBrakeSystems)一、該型空氣制動機的組成特點是，設有一個較大的附加風缸5，其容積是副風缸容積的2.5倍，以備階段緩解和緊急制動增壓時使用。

Themainstructuralcharacteristicofthistypeofairbrakesystemisthepresenceofalargeradditionalreservoir5withavolume2.5timesthatoftheauxiliarycylinder.Thissadditionalreservoir5isdesignedforstagereliefandemergencybrakeboostingpurposes.階段緩解時副風缸可實現(xiàn)迅速再充氣，有利于施行連續(xù)制動。

Theauxiliarycylindercanquicklyrechargeduringstagerelease,facilitatingcontinuousbraking.緊急制動時可實現(xiàn)制動缸的增壓作用，保證旅客列車安全運行。

Duringemergencybraking,itenhancesthepressureinthebrakecylinderandensuresthesafeoperationofpassengertrains.（一）LN型空氣制動機LNAirBrakeSystem客車制動機(Passenger

CarBrakeSystems)一、104型分配閥6由中間體、主閥、緊急閥三部分組成，中間體分別與副風缸、制動缸、壓力風缸、制動管相連接。The104typedistributingvalve6iscomposedofanintermediatebody,mainvalveandemergencyvalve.Theintermediatebodyisconnectedtotheauxiliaryreservoir,brakecylinder,pressureaircylinderandbrakepipes.104型分配閥內的活塞采用了橡膠模板結構，減少了阻力，減少了漏泄現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生。Thepistoninsidethe104typedistributingvalveutilizesarubbertemplatestructuretoreduceresistanceandminimizeleakage.（二）104型空氣制動機104AirBrakeSystem客車制動機(PassengerCarBrakeSystems)一、（三）104型電空制動機

104Electric-PneumaticBrakeSystem

104型電空制動機的結構型式是在104型空氣制動機的基礎上設計而成的，主要是增設了電磁閥安裝座，并將其安裝在104型制動機的主閥和中間體之間，原主閥與中間體的相關氣路依舊相通。Thestructureofthe104electric-pneumaticbrakesystemisdesignedbasedonthe104airbrakesystem.Itmainlyaddsanelectromagneticvalvemountingseatandinstallsitbetweenthemainvalveandtheintermediatebodyofthe104brakesystem,maintainingtheconnectivityoftheoriginalairpassagesbetweenthemainvalveandtheintermediatebody.

104型電空制動機還增加了一個容積為40L的緩解風缸，用來加快制動管的增壓速度，使各車輛迅速處于緩解狀態(tài)。The104electric-pneumaticbrakesystemalsoincludesa40Lreliefreservoirtoacceleratethepressurebuild-upinthebrakepipe,ensuringthatallvehiclesquicklyentertherelievedstate.客車制動機(

PassengerCarBrakeSystems)一、

F8型電空制動機是為了適應鐵路客車提速和擴大列車編組的需要而設計的新型客車制動機。Thisisanewtypeofbusbrakedesignedtomeettheneedsofspeedinguprailwaybusesandexpandingtrainsets.（四）F8型電空制動機F8Electric-PneumaticBrakeSystemF8型分配閥6由主閥、輔助閥和中間體三部分組成，中間體分別與副風缸、制動缸、壓力風缸、制動管相連接。TheF8distributingvalve6iscomposedofamainvalve,anauxiliaryvalveandanintermediatebody.Theintermediatebodyisconnectedtotheauxiliaryreservoir,brakecylinder,pressureaircylinderandbrakepipe.F8型電空制動機在電空閥箱10內裝有緩解電磁閥、常用制動電磁閥和緊急制動電磁閥，實現(xiàn)了快速列車中各車輛同時制動同時緩解的性能，避免了列車的縱向沖擊。Theelectric-pneumaticvalvecabinet10oftheF8electric-pneumaticbrakesystemisequippedwithreliefsolenoidvalves,commonlyusedbrakesolenoidvalvesandemergencybrakesolenoidvalves,enablingsimultaneousbrakingandreliefofallvehiclesinahigh-speedtrain,therebyavoidinglongitudinalshocks.同時該電空制動機也加速了制動和緩解作用的發(fā)生。Additionally,thiselectric-pneumaticbrakesystemacceleratestheoccurrenceofbrakingandreliefactions.貨車制動機(AirBrakeSystemforTrucks)二、（一）GK型空氣制動GKAirBrakeSystemGK型空氣制動機是在原安裝K2型三通閥的制動機的基礎上改造而成的。TheGKAirBrakeSystemisamodifiedversionbasedontheoriginalbrakesystemwithK2-typetriplevalve.使用在載重50t及其以上的大型貨車上。Usedonlargelorrieswithaloadcapacityof50tandabove.“G”是漢語拼音“改”字的第一個字母，K表示K型三通閥，“GK”就是改造K型制動機的意思。"G"isthefirstletterofHanyuPinyin"改",KmeansK-typethree-wayvalve,"GK"istotransformthemeaningofK-typebrake.貨車制動機(AirBrakeSystemforTrucks)二、（二）103型空氣制動機103AirBrakeSystem其組成特點是以103型分配閥5代替了舊型制動機中的三通閥，設有一個容積為11L的壓力風缸9，分配閥本身設有空重車調整部，其調整裝置是通過伸向車體兩側的杠桿和手柄配套使用的，扳動手柄即可調整為空車位或重車位。Itsdistinctivefeatureisthereplacementofthetraditionaltriplevalveintheoldbrakesystemwiththe103-typedistributionvalve5.Itisequippedwithan11-literpressureaircylinder9andthedistributionvalveitselfhasanempty-loadedvehicleadjustmentsection.Theadjustmentdeviceisoperatedthroughleversandhandlesextendingtobothsidesofthevehiclebody,allowingadjustmentbetweenemptyandloadedpositionsbymanipulatingthehandle.103型空氣制動機是以我國自行設計制造的103型貨車分配閥命名的The103AirBrakeSystemisnamedafterthe103-typetruckdistributionvalvedesignedandmanufacturedinChina.貨車制動機(AirBrakeSystemforTrucks)二、在列車緩解時，加速緩解閥動作，制動機產生制動管局部增壓作用，從而加快了制動管的充氣速度，提高了列車的緩解波速。Duringtrainrelease,thequickreliefvalveactivates,generatinglocalpressureincreaseinthebrakepipe,therebyacceleratingtheinflationspeedandimprovingthereleasespeedofthetrain.120型制動機還設置了半自動緩解閥，它是靠人工拉動該緩解閥的手柄后，就可以使制動缸的壓縮空氣直接排人大氣，達到制動機緩解的目的。The120-typesystemalsofeaturesasemi-automaticreliefvalve,whichcanbemanuallyoperatedbypullingthehandletodirectlyventthecompressedairfromthebrakecylinderintotheatmosphere,achievingbrakerelease.使用時，在拉動半自動緩解閥手柄約3-5s聽到制動缸的排氣聲后，即可松開手柄，制動缸的壓縮空氣會自動排盡，不需要長時間拉著手柄或在手柄處夾放木楔。Afterhearingtheexhaustsoundfromthebrakecylinderforabout3-5seconds,thehandlecanbereleasedandthecompressedairinthebrakecylinderwillbeautomaticallydischarged.Thereisnoneedtopullonthehandleforlongperiodsoftimeortoclampandplacewoodenwedgesa