2003年9月大學(xué)英語六級(jí)考試試題及參考答案

PartEReadingComprehension(35minutes)

Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart,Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsat

unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).You

shoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwitha

singlelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

In1985whenaJapanAirLines(JAL)jetcrashed,itspresident,YasumotoTakagi,called

eachvictimJsfamilytoapologize,andthenpromptlyresigned.Andin1987,whenasubsidiaryof

ToshibasolesensitivemilitarytechnologytotheformerSovietUnion,thechairmanofToshiba

gaveuphispost.

Theseexecutiveactions,whichToshibacalls“thehighestformofapology,“mayseem

bizarretoUSmanagers.NooneatBoeingresignedaftertheJALcrash,whichmayhavebeen

causedbyafaultyBoeingrepair.

Thedifferencebetweenthetwobusinessculturescentersarounddifferentdefinitionsof

delegation.WhileUSexecutivesgivebothresponsibilityandauthoritytotheiremployees,

Japaneseexecutivesdelegateonlyauthority——theresponsibilityisstilltheirs.Althoughthe

subsidiarythatsoldthesensitivetechnologytotheSovietshaditsownmanagement,theToshiba

topexecutivessaidthey“musttakepersonalresponsibilityfornotcreatinganatmosphere

throughouttheToshibagroupthatwouldmakesuchactivityunthinkable,eveninan

independentlyrunsubsidiary.

SuchacceptanceofcommunityresponsibilityisnotuniquetobusinessesinJapan.School

principalsinJapanhaveresignedwhentheirstudentscommittedmajorcrimesafterschoolhours.

Eveniftheydonotquit,Japaneseexecutiveswilloftenacceptprimaryresponsibilityinother

ways,suchastakingthefirstpaycutwhenacompanygetsintofinancialtrouble.Suchpersonal

sacrifices,eveniftheyarelargelysymbolic,helptocreatethesenseofcommunityandemployee

loyaltythatiscrucialtotheJapanesewayofdoingbusiness.

HarvardBusinessSchoolprofessorGeorgeLodgecallstheritualacceptanceofblame

ualmostafeudal(封建的)wayofpurging(清除)thecommunityofdishonor,andtosomein

theUnitedStates,suchresignationslookcowardly.However,inanerainwhichbothbusinessand

governmentalleadersseemparticularlygoodatevadingresponsibility,manyUSmanagerswould

probablywelcomeaninfusion(灌輸)oftheJapanesesenseofresponsibility,If,forinstance,US

automobilecompanyexecutivesofferedtoreducetheirownsalariesbeforetheyaskedtheir

workerstotakepaycuts,negotiationswouldprobablytakeonaverydifferentcharacter.

21.WhydidthechairmanofToshibaresignhispositionin1987?

A)InJapan,theleakageofaslatesecrettoRussiansisagravecame.

B)Hehadbeenunderattackforshiftingresponsibilitytohissubordinates.

C)InJapan,thechiefexecutiveofacorporationisheldresponsibleforthemistakemadebyits

subsidiaries.

D)Hehadbeenaccusedofbeingcowardlytowardscrisesthatweretakingplaceinhiscorporation.

22.AccordingtothepassageifyouwanttobeagoodmanagerinJapan,youhaveto.

A)apologizepromptlyforyoursubordinates*mistakes

B)beskillfulinacceptingblamesfromcustomers

C)makesymbolicsacrificeswhenevernecessary

D)createastrongsenseofcompanyloyalty

23.What'sProfessorGeorgeLodgeJsattitudetowardstheresignationsofJapanesecorporate

leaders?

A)SympatheticC)Critical

B)Biased.D)Approving.

24.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

A)BoeinghadnothingtodowiththeJALaircrashin1985.

B)Americanexecutivesconsiderauthorityandresponsibilityinseparable.

C)Schoolprincipalsbearlegalresponsibilityforstudents*crimes.

D)Persuadingemployeestotakepaycutsdoesn'thelpsolvecorporatecrises.

25.Thepassageismainlyabout.

A)resignationasaneffectivewayofdealingwithbusinesscrises

B)theimportanceofdelegatingresponsibilitytoemployees

C)waysofevadingresponsibilityintimesofcrises

D)thedifferencebetweentwobusinesscultures

PassageTwo

Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Asmachinesgo,thecarisnotterriblynoisy,norterriblypolluting,norterriblydangerous;

andonallthosedimensionsithasbecomebetterasthecenturyhasgrownolder.Themain

problemisitsprevalence,andthesocialcoststhatensuefromtheusebyeveryoneofsomething

thatwouldbefairlyharmlessif,say,onlytherichweretouseit.Itisapricewepayforequality.

Beforebecomingtoogloomy,itisworthrecallingwhythecarhasbeenarguablythemost

successfulandpopularproductofthewholeofthepast100years一andremainsso.Thestory

beginswiththeenvironmentalimprovementitbroughtinthe1900s.InNewYorkcityin1900,

accordingtotheCarCulture.A1975bookbyJ.Flink,ahistorian,horsesdeposited2.5millioo

poundsofmanure(糞)and60,000gallonsofurine(尿)everyday.Everyyear,thecityauthorities

hadtoremoveanaverageof15,000deadhorsesfromthestreets,Itmadecarssmellofroses.

Carswerealsowonderfullyflexible.Themainearliersolutiontohorsepollutionandtraffic

jamswastheelectrictrolleybus(電車).Butthatrequiredfixedoverheadwires,andrailsand

platforms,whichwereexpensive,ugly,andinflexible,ThecarcouldgofromanyAtoanyB,and

allowedtownstodevelopinalldirectionswithlow-densityhousing,ratherthanjustbeing

concentratedalongthetrolleyorraillines.Ruralareasbenefitedtoo,fortheybecamelessremote.

However,sincepollutionbecameaconcerninthe1950s,expertshavepredicted一wrongly

—thatthecarboomwasabouttoend.InhisbookMr.Flinkarguedthatby1973theAmerican

markethadbecomesaturated,atonecarforevery2.25people,andsohadthemarketsofJapan

andWesternEurope(becauseoflandshortages).Environmentalworriesanddiminishingoil

reserveswouldprohibitmasscaruseanywhereelse.

Hewaswrong,Between1970and1990,whereasAmericaJspopulationgrewby23%,the

aumberofcarsonitsroadsgrewby60%,Thereisnowonecarforevery1.7peoplethere,onefor

every2.1inJapan,oneforevery5.3inBritain.Around550millioncarsarealreadyontheroads,

nottomentionallthetrucksandmocorcyeles,andabout50millionnewonesaremadeeachyear

worldwide.Willitgoon?Undoubtedly,becausepeoplewantitto.

26.Asisgiveninthefirstparagraph,thereasonwhythecarhasbecomeaproblemisthat

A)poorpeoplecan'taffordit

B)itistooexpensivetomaintain

C)toomanypeopleareusingit

D)itcausestoomanyroadaccidents

27.Accordingtothepassage,thecarstartedtogainpopularitybecause.

A)itdidn'tbreakdownaseasilyasahorse

B)ithadacomparativelypleasantodor

C)itcausedlesspollutionthanhorses

D)itbrightenedupthegloomystreets

28.Whatimpactdidtheuseofcarshaveonsociety?

A)Peoplewerecompelledtoleavedowntownareas.

B)Peoplewereabletoliveinlesscrowdedsuburbanareas.

C)Businessalongtrolleyandraillinesslackened.

D)Citystreetswerefreeofuglyoverheadwires.

29.Mr.Flinkarguedinhisbookthatcarswouldnotbewidelyusedinothercountriesbecause

A)theonceboomingcarmarkethasbecomesaturated

B)trafficjamsinthosecountriesaregettingmoreandmoreserious

C)expensivemotorwaysarenotavailableinlessdevelopedcountries

D)peopleworryaboutpollutionandthediminishingoilresources

30.What,swrongwithMr.Flink?sprediction?

A)Theuseofautomobileshaskeptincreasingworldwide.

B)Newgenerationsofcarsarevirtuallypollutionfree.

C)ThepopulationofAmericahasnotincreasedasfast.

D)People'senvironmentalconcernsareconstantlyincreasing.

PassageThree

Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Cryingishardlyanactivityencouragedbysociety.Tears,betheyofsorrow,anger,onjoy,

typicallymakeAmericansfeeluncomforubleandembarrassed.Theshedderoftearsislikelyto

apologize,evenwhenadevastating(毀滅性的)tragedywastheprovocation.Theobserverof

tearsislikelytodoeverythingpossibletoputanendtotheemotionaloutpouring.Butjudging

formrecentstudiesofcryingbehavior,linksbetweenillnessandcryingandthechemical

compositionoftears,boththoseresponsestotearsareofteninappropriateandmayevenbe

counterproductive.

Humansaretheonlyanimalsdefinitelyknowntoshedemotiomaltears.Sinceevolution

hasgivenrisetofew,ifany,purposelessphysiologicalresponset,itislogicaltoassumethatcrying

hasoneormorefunctionsthatenhancesurvival.

Althoughsomeobservershavesuggestedthatcryingisawaytoelicitassistanceformothers(asa

cryingbabymightfromitsmother),thesheddingoftearsishardlynecessarytogethelp.Vocal

crieswouldhavebeenquiteenough,morelikelythantearstogainattention,So,itappears,there

mustbesomethingspecialabouttearsthemselves.

Indeed,thenewstudiessuggestthatemotionaltearsmayplayadirectroleinalleviating

stress,UniversityofMinnesotaresearcherswhoarestudyingthechemicalcompositionoftears

haverecentlyisolatedtwoimportantchemicalsfromemotionaltears.Bothchemicalsarefound

onlyintearsthatareshedinresponsetoemotion.Tearsshedbecauseofexposureto=cutonion

wouldcontainnosuchsubstance.

Researchersatseveralotherinstitutionsareinvestigatingtheusefulnessoftearsasameansof

diagnosinghumanillsandmonitoringdrugs.

AtTulaneUniversitysTeatAnalysisLaboratoryDr.PeterKastlandhiscolleaguesreport

thattheycanusetearstodetectdrugabuseandexposuretomedication(藥物)，todetermine

whetheracontactlensfitsproperlyofwhyitmaybeuncomfortable,tostudythecausesof“dry

eye“syndromeandtheeffectsofeyesurgery,andperhapseventomeasureexposureto

environmentalpollutants.

AtColumbiaUniversityDt.LiasyFarisandcolleaguesarestudyingtearsforcluestothe

diagnosisofdiseasesawayfromtheeyes.Tearscanbeobtainedpainlesslywithoutinvadingthe

bodyandonlytinyamountsareneededtoperformhighlyrefinedanalyses.

31.Itisknownfromthefirstparagraphthat.

A)sheddingtearsgivesunpleasantfeelingstoAmerican

B)cryingmayoftenimitatepeopleorevenresultintragedy

C)cryingusuallywinssympathyfromotherpeople

D)onewhoshedstearsinpublicwillbeblamed

32.Whatdoes“boththoseresponsestotears,,(Line6,Para,1)referto?

A)Cryingoutofsorrowandsheddingtearsforhappiness.

B)Theembarrassmentandunpleasantsensationoftheobservers.

C)ThetearshedderJsapologyandtheobserverysefforttostopthecrying.

D)Linkingillnesswithcryingandfindingthechemicalcompositionoftears.

33.“Counlerproductive”(Lines6-7,Para,l)veryprobablymeans"”.

A)havingnoeffectatall

B)leadingtotension

C)producingdisastrousimpact

D)harmfultohealth

34.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutcrying?

A)Itisapointlessphysiologicalresponsetotheenvironment.

B)Itmusthavearoletoplayinman'ssurvival.

C)Itismeanttogetattentionandassistance.

D)Itusuallyproducesthedesiredeffect.

35.Whatcanbeinferredfromthenewstudiesoftears?

A)Emotionaltearshavethefunctionofreducingstress.

B)Exposuretoexcessivemedicationmayincreaseemotionaltears.

C)Emotionaltearscangiveriseto“dryeye“syndromeinsomecases.

D)Environmentalpollutantscaninducethesheddingofemotionaltears.

PassageFour

Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Itisnosecretamongathletesthatinordertoimproveperformanceyou'vegottoworkhard.

However,hardtrainingbreaksyoudownandmakesyouweaker,Itisrestthatmakesyoustronger.

Improvementonlyoccursduringtherestperiodfollowinghardtraining.Thisadaptationis

accomplishedbyimprovingefficiencyoftheheartandcertainsystemswithinthemusclecells.

Duringrecoveryperiodsthesesystemsbuildtogreaterlevelstocompensateforthestressthatyou

haveapplied.Theresultisthatyouarenowatahigherlevelofperformance.

Ifsufficientrestisnotincludedinatrainingprogram,imbalancebetweenexcesstrainingand

inadequaterestwilloccur,andperformancewilldecline.Theuovertrainingsyndrome(綜合癥)”

isthenamegiventothecollectionofemotional,behavioral,andphysicalsymptomsdueto

overtrainingthathaspersistedforweekstomonths.Itismarkedbycumulativeexhaustionthat

persistsevenafterrecoveryperiods.

Themostcommonsymptomisfatigue.Thismaylimitworkoutsandmaybepresentatrest.The

athletemayalsobecomemoody,easilyimitated,havealteredsleeppatterns,becomedepressed,or

losethecompetitivedesireandenthusiasmforthesport,Somewillreportdecreasedappetiteand

weightloss.Physicalsymptomsincludepersistentmuscularsoreness,increasedfrequencyofviral

(病毒性的)illnesses,andincreasedincidenceofinjuries.

Thetreatmentfortheovertrainingsyndromeisrest.Thelongertheovertraininghasoccurred,

themorerestrequired,Therefore,earlydetectionisveryimportant,Iftheovertraininghasonly

occurredforashortperiodoftime(e.g.3-4weeks)theninterruptingtrainingfor3-5daysis

usuallysufficientrest.Itisimportantthatthefactorsthatleadtoovertrainingbeidentifiedand

corrected.Otherwise,theovertrainingsyndromeislikelytorecur.Theovertrainingsyndrome

shouldbeconsideredinanyathletewhomanifestssymptomsofprolongedfatigueandwhose

performancehasleveledoffordecreased.Itisimportanttoexcludeanyunderlyingillnessthat

mayberesponsibleforthefatigue.

36.Thefirstparagraphofthepassagetellsusthat.

A)theharderanathletetrains,thebetterhisperformancewillbe

B)restaftervigoroustrainingimprovesanathlete?sperformance

C)strictsystematictrainingisessentialtoanathleteJstopperformance

D)improvementofanathlete?sperformanceoccursinthecourseoftraining

37.Byuovertrainingtheauthormeans.

A)aseriesofphysicalsymptomsthatoccuraftertraining

B)undueemphasisontheimportanceofphysicalexertion

C)trainingthatisnotadequatelycompensatedforbyrest

D)trainingthathasexceededanathlete?semotionallimits

38.Whatdoesthepassagetellusaboutthe“overtraining“syndrome?

A)Itoccurswhenathletesloseinterestinsports.

B)Itappearsrightafterahardtrainingsession.

C)ThefatigueitresultsinisunavoidableintheathleteJstrainingprocess.

C)Itmanifestsitselfinfatiguewhichlingersevenafterarecoveryperiod.

39.Whatdoesthephraseuleveloff”(Line7,Para,4)mostprobablymean?

A)Slowdown.

B)Becomedull.

C)Stopimproving.

D)Beonthedecline.

40.Theauthoradvisesattheendofthepassagethat.

A)overtrainingsyndromeshouldbetreatedasaseriousillness

B)overtrainingsyndromeshouldbepreventedbeforeitoccurs

C)anathletewithovertrainingsyndromeshouldtakealengthyrest

D)illnesscausingfatigueshouldnotbemistakenforovertrainingsyndrome

PartDUVocabulary(20minutes)

Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesit:thispart.Foreachsentencetherearefour

choicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChooseciteONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.

ThenmarktheCorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthe

centre.

41.Thesewerestubbornmen.noteasilytochangetheirmind.

A)tiltedC)persuaded

B)convertedD)suppressed

41—45CBDCD

46—50DBCBA

51—55DABDA

56—60BCABD

61—65ADBAC

66—70DCCAB

42.Thecircushasalwaysbeenvery,popularbecauseitboththeoldandtheyoung.

A)facilitatesC)immerses

B)fascinatesD)indulges

43.Bypatientquestioningthelawyermanagedto________enoughinformationfromthe

witnesses.

A)evacuateC)impart

B)withdrawD)elicit

44.Georgeenjoystalkingaboutpeople'sprivateaffairs.Heisa

41—45CBDCD

46—50DBCBA

51—55DABDA

56—60BCABD

61—65ADBAC

66—70DCCAB

A)solicitorC)gossip

B)cowardD)rebel

45.Thenewsecretaryhaswrittenaremarkablyreportwithinafewhundredwordsbut

withalltheimportantdetailsincluded.

A)conciseC)precise

B)briskD)elaborate

46.Hisfaceashecameinafterrunningallthewayfromschool.

A)flaredC)fluttered

B)fluctuatedD)flushed

47.Steelisnotasascastiron;itdoesnotbreakaseasily.

A)elasticC)adaptable

B)brittleD)flexible

48.AbigprobleminlemmingEnglishasaforeignlanguageislackofopportunitiesfor

interactionwithproficientspeakersofEnglish.

A)instantaneousC)verbal

B)provocativeD)dual

49.Withintenyearstheyhavetamedthehillintogreenwoods.

A)vacantC)weird

B)barrenD)wasteful

50.TheofourtriptoLondonwasthevisittoBuckinghamPalace.

A)summitC)peak

B)heightD)highlight

51.Haroldclaimedthathewasaseriousandwell-knownartist,butinfacthewasa(n).

A)alienC)counterpart

B)client.D)fraud

41—45CBDCD

46—50DBCBA

51—55DABDA

56—60BCABD

61—65ADBAC

66—70DCCAB

52.Wedon*tanydifficultiesincompletingtheprojectsolongaswekeepwithinour

budget.

A)foreseeC)infer

B)fabricateD)inhibit

53.Heislookingforajobthatwillgivehimgreaterforcareerdevelopment.

A)insightC)momentum

B)scopeD)phase

54.Thehighschoolmydaughterstudiesinisouruniversity.

A)linkedbyC)mingledwith

B)relevanttoD)affiliatedwith

55.TheBrownslivedinaandcomfortablyfurnishedhouseinthesuburbs.

A)spaciousC)wide

B)sufficientD)wretched

56.Amembershipcardtheholdertousetheclub'sfacilitiesforaperiodoftwelve

months.

A)approvesC)rectifies

B)authorizesD)endows

57.TheyhavedoneawaywithLatinforuniversityentranceatHarvard.

A)influentialC)compulsory

B)indispensableD)essential

58.Itisnothatalargenumberofviolentcrimesarecommittedundertheinfluenceof

alcohol.

A)coincidenceC)inspiration

B)correspondenceD)intuition

59.One'suniversitydaysoftenappearhappierinthantheyactuallywereatthetime.

A)retentionC)return

B)retrospectD)revere

41—45CBDCD

46—50DBCBA

51—55DABDA

56—60BCABD

61—65ADBAC

66—70DCCAB

60.Shethroughthepagesofamagazine,notreallyconcentratingonthem.

A)tumbledC)switched

B)tossedD)flipped

61.Scientistsarepushingknowntechnologiestotheirlimitsinanattempttomore

energyfromtheearth.

A)extractC)discharge

B)injectD)drain

62.TheChineseRedCrossageneroussumtothereliefofthevictimsoftheearthquake

inTurkey.

A)administeredC)assessed

B)elevatedD)contributed

63.Thefirstsentenceinthisparagraphis;itcanbeinterpretedinmanyways.

A)intricateC)duplicated

B)ambiguousD)confused

64.Theyusedtoquarrelalot,butnowtheyarecompletelywitheachother.

A)reconciledC)associated

B)negotiatedD)accommodated

65.Thelocalbusinesswasnotmuchbythesuddenoutbreakoftheepidemic.

A)intervenedC)hampered

B)insulatedD)hoisted

66.Themostimportantforassessmentinthiscontestisoriginalityofdesign.

A)thresholdC)warrant

B)partitionD)criterion

67.Thewomanwasworriedaboutthesideeffectsoftakingaspirins,butherdoctorher

thatitisabsolutelyharmless.

A)retrievedC)reassured

B)releasedD)revived

68.Wecan'thelpbeingofBobwhoboughtaluxurioussportscarjustafterthemoney

wasstolenfromtheoffice.

A)skepticalC)suspicious

B)appreciativeD)tolerant

69.Hegreatlyresentedthepublicationofthisbook,whichhesawasanembarrassinginvasionof

his.

A)privacyC)dignity

B)moralityD)secrecy

70.Infactasheapproachedthisfamousstatue,heonlybarelyresistedthetoreachinto

hisbagforhiscamera.

A)impatienceC)incentive

B)impulseD)initiative

41—45CBDCD

46—50DBCBA

51—55DABDA

56—60BCABD

61—65ADBAC

66—70DCCAB

Part度ErrorCorrection(15minutes)

Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,

oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordodeleteaword,Markout

themistakesandputthecorrectionsinth