GMAT（VERBAL）閱讀模擬試卷3

（共9套）

（共208題）

GMAT（VERBAL）閱讀模擬試卷第1

套

一、閱讀（本題共23題，每題7.0分，共23分。）

In1977theprestigiousEwhaWUIIICII*sUniversityinScuul,Korea,ainiounucdIlic

openingofthefirstwomen'sstudiesprograminAsia.Fewaca-demicprogramshave

everreceivedsuchpublicattention.Inbroadcastdebates,criticsdismissedtheprogramas

abetrayalofnationalidentity,animitationofWesternideas,andadistractionfromthe

realtaskofnationalunificationandeconomicdevelopment.Evensupporters

underestimatedtheprogram;theythoughtitwouldbemerelyanotherofthemany

WesternideasthathadalreadyprovedusefulinAsianculture,akintoairlines,electricity,

andtheassemblyline.Thefoundersoftheprogram,however,realizedthatneitherview

wascorrect.TheyhadsomereservationsabouttheapplicabilityofWesternfeminist

theoriestotheroleofwomeninAsiaandlekthatsuchtheoriesshouldbeclosely

examined.TheirapproachhasthusfaryieldedimportantcritiquesofWesterntheory,

informedbythespecialexperienceofAsianwomen.Forinstance,liketheWestern

feministcritiqueoftheFreudianmodelofthehumanpsyche,theKoreancri-tiquefinds

Freudiantheoryculture-bound,butinwaysdifferentfromthosecitedbyWestern

theorists.TheKoreantheoristsclaimthatFreudiantheoryassumestheuniversalityofthe

Westernnuclear,male-headedfamilyandfocusesonthepersonalityformationofthe

individual,independentofsociety.Ananalysisbasedonsuchassumptionscouldbevalid

forahighlycompetitive,individu-alisticsociety.IntheFreudianfamilydrama,family

membersareassumedtobeengagedinaDarwinianstruggleagainsteachother-father

againstsonandsiblingagainstsibling.Suchacon-ceptofprojectsthecompetitive

modelofWesternsocietyontohumanpersonalities.ButintheAsianconceptof

personalitythereisnoidealattachedtoindividualismortotheindependentself.The

Westernmodelofpersonalitydevelopmentdoesnotexplainmajorcharacteristicsofthe

Koreanpersonality,whichissocialandgroup-centered.The"sell'isasocialbeing

definedbyandactinginagroup,andthewell-beingofbothmenandwomenis

determinedbytheequilibriumofthegroup,notbyindividualself-assertion.Theidealis

oneofinterdependency.Insuchacontext,whatisrecognizedas"dependence"in

Westernpsychiatrictermsisnot,inKoreanterms,anadmissionofweaknessorfailure.

AllthisbearsdirectlyontheAsianpercep-tionofmen'sandwomen'spsychology

becausemenarealso^dependent."InKoreanculture,mencryandotherwiseeasilyshow

theiremotions,somethingthatmightbeconsideredabetrayalofmasculinityinWestern

culture.Inthekinship-basedsocietyofKorea,fourgenerationsmayliveinthesame

house,whichmeansthatpeoplecanbesonsanddaughtersalltheirlives,whereasin

Westernculture,therolesofhusbandandson,wifeanddaughter,areoftenincompatible.

1、Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthecontentofthepassage?

Acritiqueofaparticularwomen'sstudiesprogram.

B、Areportofworkinsocialtheorydonebyaparticularwomen'sstudiesprogram.

C、Anassessmentofthestrengthsandweaknessesofaparticularwomen,sstudies

program.

D、Ananalysisofthephilosophyunderlyingwomen'sstudiesprograms.

E、AnabbreviatedhistoryofKoreanwomen'sstudiesprograms.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：主題題型：A.對一婦女研究計劃的批評。木文對這一計劃沒有進行

展開評價，列出正反意見，重點還在于計劃本身的介紹。B.正確。一個婦女研究

項目關于社會思想的研究報告。對此計劃研究弗羅伊德的成果，文中用大量篇幅說

明。C.同A。對十此計劃strength和weakness的研究小是此文重要內容。D.對

婦女研究計劃基本思想的分析。無。E.abbreviatedhistory4＞無。

2、ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatKoreanscholarsinthefieldofwomen's

studiesundertookananalysisofFreudianiheoryasaresponsetowhichofthefollowing?

A^AttacksbycriticsoftheEwhawomen'sstudiesprogram.

B、ThesuperficialityofearliercritiquesofFreudiantheory.

C、ThepopularityofFreudinKoreanpsychiatriccircles.

D^TheirdesiretoencourageKoreanscholarstoadopttheFreudianmodel.

E、TheirassessmentoftherelevanceandlimitationsofWesternfeministtheorywith

respecttoKoreanculture.

標準答案：E

知識點解析：韓國婦女研究學者分析弗羅伊德思想是對下面哪一項的反應?A.對

此計劃的批評意見。文中提到過，但這和弗羅伊德研究無關。B.早期弗羅伊惠理

論研究的淺薄。無。C.弗氏理論在韓國很流行。無。D.促使韓國學者接受弗氏

理論。無。E.正確。他們對西方女權思想在韓國文化中的適用性和局限性的估

量，見原文L19—23。作者在做此結論以后，以對弗羅伊德的評價來做具體例證。

3、WhichofthefollowingconclusionsabouttheintroductionofWesternideasto

Koreansocietycanbesupportedbyinformationcontainedinthepassage?

A、Exceptfortechnologicalinnovations,fewWesternideashavebeensuccessfully

transplantedintoKoreansociety.

B、TheintroductionofWesternideastoKoreansocietyisviewedbysomeKoreansasa

challengetoKoreanidentity.

C、ThedevelopmentoftheKoreaneconomydependsheavilyonthedevelopmentof

newacademicprogramsmodeledafterWesternprograms.

D^TheextenttowhichWesternideasmustbeadaptedforacceptancebyKoreansociety

isminimal.

E、TheintroductionofWesternideastoKoreansocietyacceleratedafter1977.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：下面關于向韓國介紹西方思想的觀點哪一個是文中說明的?A.很少

有西方思想被成功移入韓國社會。未提。B.正確。這種西方思潮的介紹被一些韓

國人認為是對韓國特性的背離。見原文L7—11的明確說法。C.韓國經濟發展依

賴于西方式思想的學術研究進展。無。D.西方思潮被接受的范圍很小。原文未

提。E."after1977”推不出來，這是文中所提研究計劃創建的年代。

4、ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthebroadcastmediainKoreaconsideredthe

establishmentoftheEwhawomen'sstudiesprogram

A^praiseworthy.

B、insignificant.

C^newsworthy.

D、imitative.

F、incomprehensible.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：韓國廣播對此大學婦女研究計劃持什么態度?據原文L6—17在廣播

辯論中，出現了兩種完全相對的意見，但是文中未提辯論的組織者對此是何態度。

??.C有新聞價值的。其他都帶上了本身的褒貶態度，不合原文。

5、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthepositiontakenbysomeofthesupporters

oftheEwhawomen'sstudiesprogramwasproblematictothefoundersoftheprogram

becausethosesupporters

A、assumedthattheprogramwouldbebasedontheuncriticaladoptionofWestern

iheory.

B>failedtoshowconcernfortheissuesofnationalunificationandeconomic

development.

C^wereunfamiliarwithWesternfeministtheory.

D、werenotthemselvesscholarsinthefieldofwomen'sstudies.

E、acceptedtheuniversalityofFreudiantheory.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：創建E大學婦女研究計劃的人認為，對他們的計劃持支持態度的

人，其觀點也有問題，在于這些支持者：A.正確,認為這個計劃是建立在全盤西

化基礎之上。見原文L11—17。B.未顯示對民族統一和經濟發展的關心。原文是

反對該計劃的人指責該計劃內容。C.不熟悉西方女權思想。無。D.本身不是搞

婦女研究的。無。E.接受弗氏觀點的普遍性。無。

6、Whichofthefollowingstatementsismostconsistentwiththeviewofpersonality

developmentheldbytheEwhawomen'sstudiesgroup?

A、Personalitydevelopmentoccursinidentifiablestages,beginningwithdependencyin

childhoodandendingwithindependenceinadulthood.

Anytheoryofpersonalitydevelopment,inordertobevalid,mustbeuniversal.

C、Personalitydevelopmentisinfluencedbythecharacteristicsofthesocietyinwhicha

personlives.

D、Personalitydevelopmentishinderedifapersonisnotpermittedtobeindependent.

E、Notheoryofpersonalitydevelopmentcanaccountfbrthedifferencesbetween

KoreanandWesternculture.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：下面哪一個觀點符合E大學的婦女研究項目負貢人對人性發展的看

法?A.人性發展分階段，由兒童依賴開始，到成年期變為獨立。無。B.所有人性

發展理論都必須有普遍性。無。C.正確。人性發展被一個人所生活的社會的特性

所影響。見原文L44-47。弗羅伊德的模式體現了西方競爭模式對人性的影響。

D.如果一個人不能自立，就不會有充分的人性發展。照本文說法，這只是西方社

會才適用。E.沒有一個人性發展理論能解釋韓國和西方文化的差異。不符文中事

實，E大學婦女研究計劃發起人就給出了解釋。

7、WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheWesternfeministcritiqueofFreudian

theorycanbesupportedbyinformationcontainedinthepassage?

A^ItrecognizestheinfluenceofWesterncultureonFreudiantheory.

B、Itwaswrittenafter1977.

C、Itacknowledgestheuniversalityofthenuclear,male-headedfamily.

D^ItchallengesFreud'sanalysisoftheroleofdaughtersinWesternsociety.

E、ItfailstoaddresstheissueofcompetitivenessinWesternsociety.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：關于西方女權主義者對弗羅伊德觀點的批評，文中哪一個說法是正確

的?A.正確。承認西方文化對弗羅伊德思想的影響。見原文L27—29,likethe

Westemfeminislcritique即韓國學者和西方女權主義者在此點上是一致的。

B.“writtenafter1977”。無。C.承認核心式男性家庭普遍性。無。這是弗氏理論

本身的內容。D."roleofdaughters"。無。E.未指出西方社會的競爭性。文中未提

有此缺點。

8、Accordingtothepassage,criticsoftheEwhawomen'sstudiesprogramcitedthe

programasathreattowhichofthefollowing?I.Nationalidentity.II.National

unification.III.Economicdevelopment.IV.Familyintegrity.

A、Ionly

IandIIonly

C、I,IIandIEonly

D、II,HIandIVonly

E、I,II,IIIandIV

標準答案：C

知識點解析：E大學婦女項目的批評者指責此項目威脅了哪些?此點原文L7—11明

確給過說明。I、民族特性n、民族統一山、經濟發展此三條都是文中指出的。

w、家庭和諧。無。.??.I、n、山正確。

Inchoosingamethodfordeterminingclimaticconditionsthatexistedinthepast,

palcoclimatologistsinvokefourprincipalcriteria.First,thematerial—rocks,lakes,

vegetation,etc-onwhichthemethodreliesmustbewidespreadenoughtoprovide

plentyofinformation,sinceanalysisofmaterialthatisrarelyencounteredwillnotpermit

correlationwithotherregionsorwithotherperiodsofgeologicalhistory.Second,inthe

processofformation,thematerialmusthavereceivedanenvironmentalsignalthat

reflectsachangeinclimateandthatcanbedecipheredbymodernphysicalorchemical

means.Third,atleastsomeofthematerialmusthaveretainedthesignalunaffectedby

subsequentchangesintheenvironment.Fourth,itmustbepossibletodeterminethetime

atwhichtheinferredclimaticconditionsheld.Thislastcriterionismoreeasilymetin

datingmarinesediments,becausedatingofonlyasmallnumberoflayersinamarine

sequenceallowstheageofotherlayerstobeestimatedfairlyreliablybyextrapolation

andinterpolation.Bycontrast,becausesedimentationismuchlesscontinuousin

continentalregions,estimatingtheageofacontinentalbedfromtheknownagesofbeds

aboveandbelowismorerisky.Oneveryoldmethodusedintheinvestigationofpast

climaticconditionsinvolvesthemeasurementofwaterlevelsinancientlakes.In

temperateregions,thereareenoughlakesforcorrelationsbetweenthemtogiveusa

reliablepicture.Inaridandsemiaridregions,ontheotherhand,thesmallnumberof

lakesandthegreatdistancesbetweenthemreducethepossibilitiesforcorrelation.

Moreover,sincelakelevelsarecontrolledbyratesofevaporationaswellasby

precipitation,theinterpretationofsuchlevelsisambiguous.Forinstance,thefactthat

lakelevelsinthesemiaridsouthwesternUnitedStatesappeartohavebeenhigherduring

thelasticeagethantheyarenowwasatonetimeattributedtoincreasedprecipitation.On

thebasisofsnowlineelevations,however,ithasbeenconcludedthattheclimatethenwas

notnecessarilywetterthanitisnow,butratherthatbothsummersandwinterswere

cooler,resultinginreducedevaporation.Anotherproblematicmethodistoreconstruct

formerclimatesonthebasisofpollenprofiles.Thetypeofvegetationinaspecificregion

isdeterminedbyidentifyingandcountingthevariouspollengrainsfoundthere.Although

therelationshipbetweenvegetationandcli-mateisnotasdirectastherelationship

betweenclimateandlakelevels,themethodoftenworkswellinthetemperatezones.In

aridandsemiaridregionsinwhichthereisnotmuchvegetation,however,smallchanges

inoneorafewplanttypescanchangethepicturedramatically,makingaccurate

correlationsbetweenneighboringareasdifficulttoobtain.

9、Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthedifferencebetweenmarineand

continentalsedimentationissupportedbyinformationinthepassage?

A、Dataprovidedbydatingmarinesedimentationismoreconsistentwithresearchers?

findingsinotherdisciplinesthanisdataprovidedbydatingcontinentalsedimentation.

Itiseasiertoestimatetheageofalayerinasequenceofcontinentalsedimentation

thanitistoestimatetheageofalayerinasequenceofmarinesedimentation.

C、Marinesedimentationismuchlesswidespreadthancontinentalsedimentation.

D、Researchersaremoreoftenforcedtorelyonextrapolationwhendatingalayerof

marinesedimentationthanwhendatingalayerofcontinentalsedimentation.

E、Marinesedimentationismuchmorecontinuousthaniscontinentalsedimentation.

標準答案：E

知識點解析：海底和陸地沉積物的情況，可從文中推出的結論有：A."inother-

disciplines”不合適，文中未提用其他學科成果來驗證沉積物檢驗。B.說反了，文

中著重指出，測定海底沉積物年代比陸地要容易。L22?32。C."muchless

widespread”本篇講兩者區別，未提分布問題。D."moreoftenforcedtorelyon

extrapolation”區分不出。E.正確。海底沉積物比陸下沉積物更有延續性。L22-

32。

10、Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribestheorganizationotthepassageas

awhole?

A、Theauthordescribesamethodfordeterminingpastclimaticconditionsandthen

offersspecificexamplesofsituationsinwhichithasbeenused.

B、Theauthordiscussesthemethodofdatingmarineandcontinentalsequencesandthen

explainshowdatingismoredifficultwithlakelevelsthanwithpollenprofiles.

C、Theauthordescribesthecommonrequirementsofmethodsfordeterminingpast

climaticconditionsandthendiscussesexamplesofsuchmethods.

D^Theauthordescribesvariouswaysofchoosingamaterialfordeterminingpast

climaticconditionsandthendiscusseshowtwosuchmethodshaveyieldedcontradictory

data.

E、Theauthordescribeshowmethodsfordeterminingpastclimaticconditionswerefirst

developedandthendescribestwooftheearliestknownmethods.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：全文組織結構，主要內容：A.描述一種方法，然后給出例子。文中

并不是對一具體方法給多個例證。B.“date”不是全文目的，而是考察古氣候的一

個步驟。C.正確。先給出測定古氣候方法要滿足的條件（第一段）再給出幾個方法

的實例（后兩段）。D.“contradictorydata”原文未提。E.”firstdeveloped"和"earliest”

原文均未提。

11、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatpaleoclimatologistshaveconcludedwhichof

thefollowingonthebasisoftheirstudyofsnowlineelevationsinthesouthwestern

UnitedStates?

A^Thereisusuallymoreprecipitationduringaniceagebecauseofincreasedamounts

ofevaporation.

B、Therewaslessprecipitationduringthelasticeagethanthereistoday.

C、LakelevelsinthesemiaridsouthwesternUnitedStateswerelowerduringthelastice

agethantheyaretoday.

D、Duringthelasticeage,coolerweatherledtolowerlakelevelsthan

palcoclimatologistshadpreviouslyassumed.

E、Thehighlakelevelsduringthelasticeagemayhavebeenaresultoflessevaporation

ratherthanmoreprecipitation.

標準答案：E

知識點解析：研究美國西南部雪線，古氣候學家做出什么結論?A.冰期多雨。這

是作者反對的錯誤結論，見L46—57的論述。B.上個冰期比現在降雨少。文中只

說不一定比現在更濕潤L53—55,推不出此選項。C.湖面在上個冰期比現在低。

和原文L46—51敘述正相反。D.同上“lowerlakelevels”說反了。E.正確。上一

個冰期的高水位可能是低蒸發量的結果，而不是更多降水。見L51—57。

12、Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostlikelytopicforaparagraphthatlogically

continuesthepassage?

A、Thekindsofplantsnormallyfoundinaridregions.

Theeffectofvariationinlakelevelsonpollendistribution.

C>Thematerialbestsuitedtopreservingsignalsofclimaticchanges.

D、Othercriteriainvokedbypaleoclimatologistswhenchoosingamethodtodetermine

pastclimaticconditions.

E、Athirdmethodforinvestigatingpastclimaticconditions.

標準答案：E

知識點解析：后接本文將會講什么內容?看本文結構，先講了測定古氣候方法的條

件，并給出兩個有問題的方案。接下去應該續寫方法，直到給出一個較滿意的方

法。J.E正確，第三種測定古氣候的方法。A."aridregions”和本文無關。

B.“pollendistribution”已經在第三段提過.C.適宜保存氣候變化信息的材料、第

一段所講條件內的問題。D."othercriteria”不可能，本文第一段先講標準，再分講

各種方法，不可能再回講標準。

13、TheauthordiscusseslakelevelsinthesouthwesternUnitedStatesinorderto

A^illustratethemechanicsoftherelationshipbetweenlakelevel,evaporation,and

precipitation.

B、provideanexampleoftheuncertaintyinvolvedininterpretinglakelevels.

C、provethattherearenotenoughancientlakeswithwhichtomakeaccurate

correlations.

D、explaintheeffectsofincreasedratesofevaporationonlevelsofprecipitation.

E^suggestthatsnowlineelevationsareinvariablymoreaccuratethanlakelevelsin

determiningratesofprecipitationatvariouspointsinthepast.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：作者為什么討論美國西南部湖水位問題?A.講述水位、蒸發、降水

間關系。過具體，文中討論的中心問題是古氣候研究的方法。B.正確。提供分析

湖水位方法不確定性的一個例證。即原文L45―46utheinterpreta—donofsuchlevels

isambiguous”。C.“notenoughancientlakes”不是這個例子所說內容。D.蒸發增加

對降水影響。無。E.雪線比湖水位要更精確。無。文中提到雪線只是說明湖水位

測定有誤差，而并沒有把它提了I到與測湖水位法平等的地位上。

14、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatanenvironmentalsignalfoundingeological

materialwouldnotbeusefultopaleo-climatologistsifit

A、hadtobeinterpretedbymodernchemicalmeans.

B、reflectedachangeinclimateratherthanalong-termclimaticcondition.

C、wasincorporatedintoamaterialasthematerialwasforming.

D^alsoreflectedsubsequentenvironmentalchanges.

E^wascontainedinacontinentalratherthanamarinesequence.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：文中指出，地質材料中的環境信息如果怎樣，對古氣候學家就沒有用

了?推論：見原文L16—19,第三個要求，這些材粒中信息不受其后環境變化的影

響，取非得：,?.D.也反映了其后的環境變化。A、B、C、E和原文敘述不一致。

15、Accordingtothepassage,thematerialusedtodeterminepastclimaticconditions

mustbewidespreadforwhichofthefollowingreasons?I.Paleoclimatologistsneedto

makecomparisonsbetweenperiodsofgeologicalhistory.II.Paleoclimatologistsneedto

comparematerialsthathavesupportedawidevarietyofvegetation.III.

Palcoclimatologistsneedtomakecomparisonswithdatacollectedinotherregions.

A、Ionly

IIonly

C、IandIIonly

D、IandIIIonly

E、IIandIIIonly

標準答案：D

知識點解析：為什么測量古氣候的材料分布要廣泛?此原因見原文L8—11的解

釋，廣泛材料能反映時空方面更大一些的范圍。I.正確。古氣候學家需對冰期不

同時間作比較。口.“vegetation”在此處未提。HI.正確。古氣候學家需對其他地

區的資料作比較，即“otherregions“。J.D.I,皿正確。

16、Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutthestudyofpast

climatesinaridandsemiaridregions?

A、Itissometimesmoredifficulttodeterminepastclimaticconditionsinaridand

semiaridregionsthanintemperateregions.

B、Allliuugliin(liepastmureresearchliasbeendoneontemperateregions,

paleoclimatologistshaverecentlyturnedtheirattentiontoaridandsemiaridregions.

C、Althoughmoreinformationaboutpastclimatescanbegatheredinaridandsemiarid

thanintemperateregions,datingthisinformationismoredifficult.

D、Itisdifficulttostudytheclimatichistoryofaridandsemiaridregionsbecausetheir

climateshavetendedtovarymorethanthoseoftemperateregions.

E、Thestudyofpastclimatesinaridandsemiaridregionshasbeenneglectedbecause

temperateregionssupportagreatervarietyofplantandanimallife.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：關于干旱、半干旱區古氣候研究，哪一點可從原文推出?A.正確。

有時確定干旱、半干旱區古氣候比溫和濕潤區要難。第二段湖水位法、第三段花粉

測定法都能推出這個結論。B.過去研究溫潤區，現在學者更關注干旱區。原文

無。C.干旱區過去氣候資料能更多得到。無。D."varymore”原文無。

E."neglected”原文未提。

Sincethelate1970's,inthefaceofaseverelossofmarketshareindozensofindustries,

manufacturersintheUnitedStateshavebeentryingtoimproveproductivity——and

thereforeenhancetheirinternationalcompetitiveness—throughcost-cutting

programs.(Cost-cutlinghereisdefinedasraisinglaboroutputwhileholdingtheamount

oflaborconslant.)However,from1978through1982,productivity-thevalueofgoods

manufactureddividedbytheamountoflaborinput-didnotimprove;andwhilethe

resultswerebetterinthebusinessupturnofthethreeyearsfollowing,theyran25percent

lowerthanproductivityimprovementsduringearlier,post-1945upturns.Atthesame

time,itbecameclearthatthehardermanufacturesworkedtoimplementcost-cutting,the

moretheylosttheircompetitiveedge.Withthisparadoxinmind,Irecentlyvisited25

companies;itbecamecleartomethatthecost-cuttingapproachtoincreasingproductivity

isfundamentallyflawed.Manufacturingregularlyobservesa"40,40,20"rule.Roughly

40percentofanymanufactur-ing-basedcompetitiveadvantagederivesfromlong-term

changesinmanufacturingstructure(decisionsaboutthenumber,size,location,and

capacityoffacilities)andinapproachestomaterials.Another40percentcomesfrom

majorchangesinequipmentandprocesstechnology.Thefinal20percentrestson

implementingconventionalcost-cutting.Thisruledocsnotimplythatcost-cut-ting

shouldnotbetried.Thewell-knowntoolsofthisapproach—includingsimplifyingjobs

andretrainingemployeestoworksmarter,notharder-doproduceresults.Butthetools

quicklyreachthelimitsofwhattheycancontribute.Anotherproblemisthatthecost-

cuttingapproachhindersinnovationanddiscouragescreativepeople.AsAber-nathy's

studyofautomobilemanufacturershasshown,anindustrycaneasilybecomeprisonerof

itsowninvestmentsincost-cuttingtechniques,reducingitsabilitytodevelopnew

products.Andmanagersunderpressuretomaximizecost-cuttingwillresistinnovation

becausetheyknowthatmorefundamentalchangesinprocessesorsystemswillwreak

havocwiththeresultsonwhichtheyaremeasured.Productionmanagershavealways

seentheirjobasoneofminimizingcostsandmaximizingoutput.Thisdimensionof

performancehasuntilrecentlysufficedasabasisofeval-uation,butithascreateda

penny-pinching,mechanisticcultureinmostfactoriesthathaskeptawaycreative

managers.EverycompanyIknowthathasfreeditselffromtheparadoxhasdoneso,in

part,bydevelopingandimplementingamanufacturingstrategy.Suchastrategyfocuses

onthemanufacturingstructureandonequipmentandprocesstechnology.Inone

companyamanufacturingstrategythatalloweddifferentareasofthefactorytospecialize

indifferentmarketsreplacedtheconventionalcost-cuttingapproach;withinthreeyears

thecompanyregaineditscompetitiveadvantage.Togetherwithsuchstrategies,

successfulcompaniesarealsoencouragingmanagerstofocusonawidersetofobjectives

besidescuttingcosts.Thereishopeformanufacturing,butitclearlyrestsonadifferent

wayofmanaging.

17、Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith

A、summarizingathesis.

R、recommendingadifferentapproach.

C、comparingpointsofview.

D、makingaseriesofpredictions.

E、describinganumberofparadoxes.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：主題題型：A.總結論點。無。B.介紹一不同的方法。正確。針對

“降低成本法”，作者提出自己的意見，并且在最后給出替代的方案。C.比較觀

點。無。D.做預言。無。E.anumberofparadoxeso文中只提出了一個。

18^Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthemanufacturesmentionedinline3

expectedthatthemeasurestheyimplementedwould

A、encourageinnovation.

B、keeplaboroutputconstant.

C、increasetheircompetitiveadvantage.

D^permitbusinessupturnstobemoreeasilypredicted.

E、causemanagerstofocusonawidersetofobjectives.

標準答案：C

知識點》析：第3行所提這些制造企業主期待其施行的措施能：第3行這些企業

主，即推行“削減成本法”的人。.￡正確，提高其競爭力。L5-7明確說法。A、

B、D未提。E.使管理人關注更廣目標。這是文章最后作者所提解決方案的效

果。

19^Theprimaryfunctionofthefirstparagraphofthepassageisto

Axoutlineinbrieftheauthor'sargument.

B、anticipatechallengestotheprescriptionsthatfollow.

C、clarifysomedisputeddefinitionsofeconomicterms.

D、summarizeanumberoflong-acceptedexplanations.

E、presentahistoricalcontextfbrtheauthor'sobsenations.

標準答案：E

知識點解析：第一段的職能：A.總括作者論證。無。B.anticipatechallenges□

無。C.解釋一些概念。無D.總結一些長期被接受的解釋。無。E.正確。紿作

者的觀察提供一歷史背景。作者在此指出“削減成本法”及其失敗。后文再做具體的

理論論述。

20、TheauthorreferstoAbernathy'sstudy(lines49-50)mostprobablyinorderto

A、qualifyanobservationaboutonerulegoverningmanufacturing.

addresspossibleobjectionstoarecommendationaboutimprovingmanufacturing

competitiveness.

C、supportanearlierassertionaboutonemethodofincreasingproductivity.

D、suggestthecentralityintheUnitedStateseconomyofaparticularmanufacturing

industry.

E、givenanexampleofresearchthathasquestionedthewisdomofrevisinga

manufacturingstrategy.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：作者為什么在L49—50提出Abernathy的研究?A.限制關于一個控制

制造業的規則的觀察。無。B.對于一個提高制造業競爭力的方法的介紹提出反

對。易混。這個方法應該指“降低成本法”，但對此方法的反對已在第一、二段進

行。在這里早已不是“possibleobjections"。C.正確。支持一個關于一種提高生產率

的方法的斷言。此方法即指“削減成本法“earlierassertion”即指作者在前己充■其

做出負面的評價，在這里是提出另一個論據。D.美國經濟中的核心。無E.修正

生產策略的主意的效果被質問。無

21、Theauthor'sattitudetowardthecultureinmostfactoriesisbestdescribedas

A、cautious.

B、critical.

C、disinterested.

D、respectful.

E^adulatory.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：對大多數工廠的文化氣氛，作者持什么態度?從L63—68的敘述中，

可以看出作者是持一種不贊成的負態度。.,上批判性的。A、C、D、E都不符合原

文敘述。

22、Inthepassage,theauthorincludesallofthefollowingEXCEPT

A、personalobservation.

B、abusinessprinciple.

C、adefinitionofproductivity.

D、anexampleofasuccessfulcompany.

E、anillustrationofaprocesstechnology.

標準答案：E

知識點解析：文中指出下列信息，惟獨沒有哪一個?A.個人觀察。第二段、第四

段都提到作者自己的觀察。B.商業規律。L27—38的“40、40、20”定律。C.生

產率的定義。L8—10的括號中。D.成功企業的例子。見第四段。E.正確。對加

工技術的描述。原文提到過這種技術，但未加以具體描述。

23>Theauthorsuggeststhatimplementingconventionalcost-cuttingasawayof

increasingmanufacturingcompetitivenessisastrategythatis

A、flawedandruinous.

shortsightedanddifficulttosustain.

C>popularandeasilyaccomplished.

D、usefulbutinadequate.

E、misunderstoodbutpromising.

標準答案：D-

知識點解析：作者指出：使用傳統的削減成本法試圖提高制造業競爭實力是一種：

據作者在文中敘述（第一、二段）：此方式有些道理，但是很快就會達到極限，基本

上是不可行的。??.D有用但不合適。A.錯誤且災難性的。過強，文中態度未達

到。B.短視而難以維持的。不合適是對的，但不合適的方法不一定就維系不下

去，想想我國經濟界長久以來的做法。C.普及且易有成效的。說反了。E.被誤

解但有前景。說反了。

GMAT(VERBAL)閱讀模擬試卷第2

套

一、閱讀(本題共23題，每題7.0分，共23分。)

Historiansofwomen'slaborintheUnitedStatesatfirstlargelydisregardedthestoryof

femaleserviceworkers-womenearningwagesinoccupationssuchassalesclerk,

domesticservant,andofficesecretary.Thesehistoriansfocusedinsteadonfactorywork,

primarilybecauseitseemedsodifferentfromtraditional,unpaid"women'swork"inthe

home,andbecausetheunderlyingeconomicforcesofindustrialismwerepresumedtobe

gender-blindandhenceemancipatoryineffect.Unfortunately,emancipationhasbeen

lesspro-foundthanexpected,fornoteven