試題PAGE1試題2024北京通州高一（下）期末英語(yǔ)2024年7月本試卷共10頁(yè)，共100分。考試時(shí)長(zhǎng)90分鐘。考生務(wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無(wú)效。考試結(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將答題卡交回。第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Reagan,abooklover,lookedupfromhisreadingasthebellrangovertheentrancetothebookstore.Puzzled,hewatchedforaminuteasDarya___1___towardthecounter(柜臺(tái))asiftoaskaquestion.Itdidn’tmakesensethatDarya,oneoftheschool’stopathletes,wasinabookstore.Notwantingtobenoticed,Reagan___2___foundanothervolumetoread.Hewouldn’tknowwhattosayifshetriedtostartaconversationbecausehethoughttheytwoweretoodifferenttohaveanythingto___3___.“Hey,Reagan.”Hergreeting___4___him,andhisbreathcaughtinhisthroatasitbecameapparenthehadn’tescapedafterall.“Maybeyoucanhelpme.”Hedoubtedit,buthemanagedtochokeoutareply.“Me?”“I’mtryingto___5___abookonsoccerskills.Iwon’tbeabletogotocampoverspringbreak,andIneedtoimprovemygamebeforethenextseasonbegins.”Reaganswallowed,thenmotionedrandomlywithhishandsbeforehefoundhisvoice.“Sure.Overhere.”Hethoughtitwouldsaveconfusionifhejust___6___thewayratherthantrytopointherintherightdirection.Asshefollowedhimthroughtheshelves,hedaredtoimaginetheymightnotbeso___7___afterall.Hefeltabriefflashofhope,thesunshiningsuddenlywhereallhadbeengray.___8___,oneofDarya’steammatesappearedasifoutofnowhere,urginghertofinishanypurchases,ortheywouldbelateforpractice.Sighing,Reaganrealizednothinghadreallychanged;thedifferenceswouldneverletthembreakdownthosebarriers,eveniftheysochose.Instead,sheturnedtoReaganwitha___9___smile,“Thanksforyourhelp,andhey,maybewecouldplaysoccersometime?”Surprisedbutpleased,Reagan’sheartleaptattheunexpected____10____,asignthatperhapsthebarrierswerenotasinsurmountable(跨越)ashe’dthought.1.A.rushed B.walked C.drove D.turned2.A.apparently B.obviously C.quickly D.finally3.A.talkabout B.dealwith C.carryout D.settlein4.A.inspired B.reminded C.attacked D.surprised5.A.locate B.figure C.gather D.deliver6.A.controlled B.led C.designed D.made7.A.particular B.unique C.different D.determined8.A.Luckily B.Actually C.Slowly D.Immediately9.A.warm B.forced C.crazy D.determined10.A.congratulation B.invitation C.election D.fortune第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Asafive-year-oldgirl,LinQiaozhiwasdeeplyaffectedbyhermother’sdeath.Atage18,insteadoffollowingthetraditionalpathofmarriagelikethemajorityofgirls,she___11___(choose)tostudymedicine.“Whyshouldgirlslearnsomuch?___12___(find)agoodhusbandshouldbetheirfinalgoal!”herbrothercomplained,thinkingofthehightuitionfees.Sheresponded,“I’dratherstayasingle___13___(study)allmylife!”B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Intheafternoon,IheadedtoalocalmuseumthatshowedthehistoricalchangesinCalifornia.In1848,goldwasdiscoverednearSanFrancisco,___14___startedagoldrush.Over300,000peoplecamefromallovertheworldtoseek___15___(they)fortune,andSanFranciscoquicklybecameabigcity.ManyChinesearrivedduringthisperiod.___16___(earn)aliving,someopenedupshopsandrestaurants___17___Chinatown.Manyothersfoundjobsonfarms,joinedthegoldrush,orwenttobuildtherailway.C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Spaceexplorationhasalreadypromotedtechnologicalimprovementsthatbenefitusall.High-endproductsaroundtheworld___18___(make)toahigherstandardnowbecauseofadvancedtechnology.Forexample,spacetechnologies___19___(help)theresearchanddevelopmentofdifferenttypesofnewmaterial.Theyhavealsohelpedcompaniesmakebetterheartmonitorsandothermachinesthatdoctorsregularlyuse.Today,spacetechnologiesare___20___(wide)usedinallkindsofindustries.第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ABritishScienceWeekishappeninginMarch.“Time”isthisyear’stheme.ThemovementofplanetEarthexplainswhywehavedifferentseasonsovertheyearandwhyweneedtimezones.Microsecondaccuracykeepsourcomputersystemstickingandhelpsglobalpositioningsatellitestoprovideuswithpreciselocationinformation.Infact,timeisverynecessaryforusandiskeytosomanySTEMdiscoveries.TheweekhopestoraiseawarenessandstimulateenthusiasmforSTEMsubjects.TherewillbelotsofeventsacrosstheUKandmanydifferentwaysforyoutoexperiencetime.AstronomicalTimeAtTheRoyalObservatoryinGreenwich,London,youcanexploretheoriginsoftellingthetime,andhowtime-tellinginstrumentshaveevolved.We’llalsofindoutwhatsolutionsinventorsandinnovatorsofthepastcameupwithtomeasuretime,helpsailorsatsea,andstandardizetime—ensuringpeopleinandacrosscommunitieswereusingthesameorsimilartime.MakingTimeTheMuseumofTimekeepingishometoafascinatingcollectionofclocks,watches,andtimepieces.Youcanhaveaguidedtourofthemuseumgalleriesandlistentosomeofthestoriesbehindtheartifacts.YoucanseethewatchwornbyCaptainScottonhisill-fatedAntarcticexpeditionof1912andgettohearthevoiceofthefirstSpeakingClock(aphonenumberyoucouldcalltofindoutwhattimeitwas).PassingofTimeFormedoveronemillionyearsago,CheddarGorgeisBritain’sbiggestgorge(deep,narrowvalley).Itis137metersdeepandthreemileslong.Itwascarvedbymeltwaterfloods,leavingbehindmysteriouscaves.ThemostfamousisGough’sCave,whereBritain’soldestcompleteskeleton,knownastheCheddarMan,whichdatesbackover10,000yearsandwasdiscoveredin1903.Youcanfocusonhowourancestorslivedandunderstandthepast.21.Wherecanyouexplorewhatmethodshavebeenproposedtomeasuretime?A.TheRoyalObservatory. B.GreenwichPark. C.MuseumofTimekeeping. D.CheddarGorge.22.WhatcanyoudiscoverattheMuseumofTimekeeping?A.Instrumentsforseaexploration. B.Clocks,watches,andtimepieces.C.SomemusicaboutAntarcticexpedition. D.TheCheddarMan’scollectionofartifacts.23.WhatisthesignificanceofCheddarGorge?A.Itisthedeepestgorgeintheworld. B.Ittellshowthecavesweredestroyed.C.Itshowswherethemeltwaterfloodscamefrom. D.Itprovidesinsightintohowourancestorslived.24.WhatisthemainpurposeofBritishScienceWeek?A.ToprovidetoursattheMuseumofTimekeeping.B.Toexplorethehistoryoftimekeepinginstruments.C.TohighlightthegeologicalhistoryofCheddarGorge.D.TopromoteSTEMsubjectsthrougheventsrelatedtothethemeof“Time.”BItwasthedayofthebigcross-countryrun.Studentsfromsevendifferentprimaryschoolsinandaroundthesmalltownwerewarmingupandwalkingtheroutethroughthickevergreenforest.IlookedaroundandfinallyspottedDavid,whowasstandingbyhimselfofftothesidebyafence.Hewassmallfortenyearsold.Hisusualbigtoothysmilewasabsenttoday.Iwalkedoverandaskedhimwhyhewasn’twiththeotherchildren.Hehesitatedandthensaidhehaddecidednottorun.Whatwaswrong?Hehadworkedsohardforthisevent!Iquicklysearchedthecrowdfortheschool’scoachandaskedhimwhathadhappened.“Iwasafraidthatkidsfromotherschoolswouldlaughathim，”heexplaineduncomfortably.“Igavehimthechoicetorunornot,andlethimdecide.”Ibitbackmyfrustration(懊惱).Iknewthecoachmeantwell—hethoughthewasdoingtherightthing.AftermakingsurethatDavidcouldrunifhewanted,Iturnedtofindhimcomingtowardsme,hissmallbodyrockingfromsidetosideasheswunghisfeetforward.Davidhadabraindiseasewhichpreventedhimfromwalkingorrunninglikeotherchildren,butatschoolhisclassmatesthoughtofhimasaregularkid.Healwaysparticipatedtothebestofhisabilityinwhatevertheyweredoing.ThatwaswhynoneofthechildrenthoughtitunusualthatDavidhaddecidedtojointhecross-countryteam.Itjusttookhimlonger—that’sall.Davidhadnotmissedasinglepractice,andalthoughhealwaysfinishedhisrunlongaftertheotherchildren,hedidalwaysfinish.Asaspecialeducationteacherattheschool,IwasfamiliarwiththechallengesDavidfacedandwasproudofhisstrongdetermination.Davidmoveduptothestartinglinewiththeotherrunners.Theracestarted.Therouteseemedlong,especiallyforachildwithabraindisease.Davidinsistedonrunningasifhehadforgottenallhisweaknesses.Hetrippedwithinthefirstfewkilometersbutquicklypickedhimselfupandcontinued.Classmatescheered,“Comeon!Youcanmakeit!We’reproudofyou!”Toeveryone’sjoy,hereachedthefinishlineandranked20th.Itwasn’timportantwhetherhewonfirstplace.Itwashisbraveheartandstrongfaiththatmadesomethingunusualhappen.25.WhydidthecoachaskDavidtomakethedecision?A.Thecoachdidn’twantDavidtogetinjured. B.ThecoachthoughtDavidwastooweaktorun.C.ThecoachfearedDavidwouldbemadefunof. D.ThecoachbelievedDavidshouldfocusonhisstudies.26.HowdidDavid’sclassmatesviewhimatschool?A.Theyfeltsorryforhim. B.Theysawhimasanormalkid.C.Theyoftenplayedtricksonhim. D.Theypreventedhimfromactivities.27.WhatcanwelearnfromDavid’sstory?A.Hewonfirstplacewithother’shelp.B.Hewasthemostmodestamongallthechildren.C.Hisbehaviorsprovedhisheartdiseasewasaproblem.D.Hisdeterminationandfaithmadetheachievementspecial.CSpaceexplorationhasproducedvaluableinsightsaboutEarth,thesolarsystemandbeyond.However,massivespaceactivityoverthepastfewdecadeshasledtounintendedorbitaldebris(殘骸).Everylaunchofsatellitesorrocketsaddstotheproblem,increasingtheriskthatnegativelyinfluencesnotonlyspacemissionsbutalsofutureendeavors.Sincethe1957launchofSputnik-1,humanactivityinEarth’sorbithascausedsignificantdistortionsinspace,raisingseriousconcernsaboutthedebrisleftbehind.Thisever-increasingthreatcanbebestunderstoodthroughtheKesslersyndromeinspace.ThisphenomenonoccurswhenobjectsinlowEarthorbit(LEO)becomesocrowdedthattheybegintohiteachother,creatingmoredebrisandmorecollisions(碰撞),thusresultinginchainreactionsofmergersandfissions.ManyexpertswarnthatLEOismovingtowardsKessler’ssyndrome.Accidentalcollisionsinspacealsoincreasetheorbitaloverload,suchasthe2009collisionbetweentwosatellites,Kosmos2251andIridium33.Sucheventshaveworsenedtheorbitaldebrisproblemandraisedtheprospectofdisastrousspaceconditions.Theneedforsustainablespaceactivitiesandthereductionofspacedebrisisbeingemphasizedgloballytoaddresstherisingspacepollution.Therefore,governmentshaveissuedmanyregulatorymeasures,includingactivedebrisremoval(ADR)technologiesorpollutionprevention,whichareeitherplanned,tested,oralreadycarriedouttoprotectbothexistingspacecraftandonessettobelaunched.Besidesregulatorymeasures,severalmitigatingmethodsarealsousedtoreducetheorbitaloverload.OnesuchmethodinvolvescausingasatellitetobreakdownnaturallybybringingitclosertoEarth’ssurfacesoitburnsupintheatmosphere.Thismethodisconsideredcost-effectivebecausethedefunctsatellitecanbepushedtowardtheEarth’ssurfaceataloweraltitudeusingaphysicaltoollikeanetoranair-burstingtool.AnothersimilartechnologyusesaharpoonthatisfiredinthedirectionofthetargetedspacecrafttocaptureitanddirectittowardsEarthinanactivemanner,causingthedebristodeorbitandplanatmosphericincineration.Toreducethelong-termriskofcollisions,thefocusneedstobeonreducingtheamountofdebrisintheorbit.Internationalcooperationandcontinuedinvestmentindebrisreductiontechnologiesarecarriedouttoreducethepotentiallydisastrousconsequencesofanovercrowdedorbit.28.Whatistheparimaryconcernregardingorbitaldebris?A.Itsimpactonweatherpatterns. B.Itsimpactonfuturespacemissions.C.Itsimpactonsatellitecommunication. D.Itsimpactonnaturalatmosphericprocesses.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mitigating”inParagraph6mostprobablymean?A.Lessening. B.Worsening. C.Curing. D.Strengthening.30.Whataresomeregulatoryandmitigationmeasurestoaddressspacedebris?A.Frequentsatellitelaunches. B.Morespacetourismfortax.C.Activedebrisremovaltechnologies. D.Morespacetelescopesformonitoring.31.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Therearenoexistingmethodstoreducespacedebris.B.Reducingspacedebriscallsforjointandfurtherefforts.C.Thekesslersyndromeisaminorconcernforspacemissions.D.Activedebrisremoval(ADR)technologiesaretheonlysolutiontospacedebris.DAninternationalteamoffossil(化石)huntershasdiscoveredtheremainsofa“nursery”ofprehistoricseacreaturesinChina.Thefossilsdatebacktoaround518millionyearsago—atimeknownastheCambrianPeriod,whenalllifeonEarthlivedintheoceans.ItisveryraretofindsomanyfossilsfromtheCambrianPeriodinoneplace.Thescientists,ledbyXianfengYangfromYunnanUniversity,found2,846fossilsfrom118differentspeciesatthesite,nearthecityofKunming.Theyincludeancientancestorsofmodern-dayinsects,shellfishandworms,aswellasextincttrilobites(三葉蟲).Seventeenofthespeciesdiscoveredarenewtoscience,andmorethanhalfofthefossilsareyounganimals.Thishasledresearcherstotheconclusionthatthesitewasasortofdeep-seanurserywhereconditionswerewellsuitedforyoungcreaturestogrow.Whentheseabedwascoveredbysoftmud(泥)thesecreatures’remainswereperfectlypreserved,eventuallycreatingalayeroffossil-richrock.Alongsidehardbodyparts,likebonesandteeth,softtissuewasalsopreserved,whichisespeciallyimportantwhenlookingbacktoaperiodwhenmostanimalshadsoftbodies.Someofthefossilsaresowellpreservedthatresearchershavebeenabletospotbodypartsthey’veneverseenbefore.Onebenefitofalltheyoungcreaturesfossilsisthatscientistswillbeabletolearnhowthecreatureschangedastheyaged.“We’llseehowdifferentbodypartsgrewovertime,”explainedresearcherJulienKimmig,fromPennStateUniversityintheUS,“whichissomethingwecurrentlydonotknowaboutformostofthesegroups.”What’smore,Kimmigandhiscolleagueswillbeabletocomparethecreatureswithlivingthingstoday.“Wewillseeifhowtheseanimalsdeveloptodayissimilartohowtheydeveloped500millionyearsago,orifsomethinghaschangedthroughouttime.”32.Whatcanwelearnaboutthefossilsfound?A.Halfofthemareextinctseacreatures. B.Theyarespreadoutoverdifferentsites.C.Someofthemarepreviouslyunknownspecies. D.Theybelongtorareanimalslivingintheoceans.33.Whatkeptthecreatures’remainsfrombeingdamaged?A.Theywereprotectedinrocks. B.Theywereburiedinthedeepsea.C.Theseafloorwascoatedwithmud. D.Theseabedwasingoodcondition.34.Whatdoscientistswanttolearnfromthefossils?A.Thecreatures’age. B.Changesinthecreatures’growth.C.Similaritiesbetweenthesespeciesgroups. D.Thecreatures’impactonlivingthingstoday.第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Cultureshockisthefeelingofuncertainty,confusion,oranxietythatpeoplemaygetwhentheyliveinorvisitanothercountrythatdiffersfromtheirown.______35______Itcanundoubtedlyaffectpeople’slives.Thefollowingaresomewaystodealwithcultureshock.Haveagoodunderstandingofcultureandcultureshock.Therearemanyfactorsthatmakeupaculture,includingsharedbeliefs,traditionsandmorals.______36______It’sbecausetheyaresurroundedbypeoplewiththesamebeliefsandvalues,andculturaldifferencesareonlyclearwhenyoumeetsomeoneelse’sculture.Keepajournal(日記)ofyourthoughts._____37_____Andyouarefeelingabitoverwhelmed(不知所措的)withtheculturethere.Ratherthangivingintoyouranxiety,writeitout.Writedownhowyoufeltatthemomentandwhattroubledyouormadeyouhappythatday.Youcanalsoputsomethingdownifyou’remissinganyonefromyourhometown.______38______Don’tallowyourselftobecomearecluse(隱居者)duringthisexperience.Youcanshareyourfeelingsandexperienceswithyourrelativesandfriends.Ifyouarestudyingabroadandhaveotherclassmateswhohavesimilarfeelings,connectwiththemaswellaswiththosewhoareadjustingabitmoreeasily.Dosomethingsyouusuallylike.Don’tallowthecultureshocktooccupyyourmind.Andtrytodosomethinginterestingtoreplacearangeofnegativeemotions,includinganxiety,sadness,anger,homesickness,andsometimesevendepression._____39_____Orpracticeyourhobbieslikereadinganddancing.A.Shareyourculture.B.Talktoothersaboutyourexperiences.C.Trytostepoutsideofyourownculture.D.Sometimessuchafeelingcanbeverystrong.E.Youcanwatchmoviesorlistentomusicthatyouenjoy.F.Manypeopledon’trealizehowcultureinfluencesthem.G.Perhapsyouhaverecentlymovedtoanewcityorcountry.第三部分：書面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié)，32分)第一節(jié)(共6小題;每小題2分，共12分)根據(jù)中文和給出的英文提示詞語(yǔ)，完成下列英文句子。將答案寫在答題卡指定區(qū)域內(nèi)。40.唐人街是多元文化的一個(gè)重要組成部分。(Chinatowns,diverseculture)(漢譯英)____________________________________________________________________________________________41.在那時(shí)候，來自中國(guó)的移民定居在這個(gè)地區(qū)。（immigrants,settle）（漢譯英）____________________________________________________________________________________________42.作為醫(yī)生，我們必須對(duì)患者負(fù)責(zé)。(responsible,patients)(漢譯英)____________________________________________________________________________________________43.工作了幾年之后，林醫(yī)生被派往歐洲學(xué)習(xí)。(send,Europe)(漢譯英)____________________________________________________________________________________________44.太空探索給世界帶來了種種好處。(explorespace,benefits)(漢譯英)____________________________________________________________________________________________45.在此之前，大部分人認(rèn)為在太空旅行是一個(gè)無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的夢(mèng)。(travellingintospace,impossibledream)(漢譯英)____________________________________________________________________________________________第二節(jié)(20分)46.假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)李華，你的英國(guó)朋友Jim暑期想要來中國(guó)旅游，了解中國(guó)少數(shù)民族文化。請(qǐng)你給他寫一封電子郵件，幫他推薦一座城市，內(nèi)容包括：1．你的建議及理由；2．你的祝愿。注意：1．詞數(shù)100左右，開頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)；2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。DearJim,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua

參考答案第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)【答案】1.B2.C3.A4.D5.A6.B7.C8.D9.A10.B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了Reagan在書店遇到學(xué)校頂尖運(yùn)動(dòng)員Darya，并幫助她找到一本關(guān)于足球技巧的書的故事。在這個(gè)過程中，Reagan意識(shí)到他們之間的差異并不是不可逾越的，Darya的邀請(qǐng)讓他感到驚喜，也讓他看到了打破壁壘的希望。【1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他困惑地看著Darya走向柜臺(tái)，Darya好像要問一個(gè)問題。A.rushed匆忙；B.walked走；C.drove駕駛；D.turned轉(zhuǎn)身。根據(jù)下文“towardthecounter”可知，Darya走向柜臺(tái)，表示她在書店里走動(dòng)，故選B。【2題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：Reagan不想被注意到，迅速找到了另一本書來讀。A.apparently顯然地；B.obviously明顯地；C.quickly迅速地；D.finally最后。根據(jù)上文“Notwantingtobenoticed”可知，Reagan不想被注意到，所以他迅速找到了另一本書來讀，故選C。【3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：他不會(huì)知道該說什么，如果她試圖開始一個(gè)對(duì)話，因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為他們兩個(gè)太不同，沒有什么可談的。A.talkabout談?wù)摚籅.dealwith處理；C.carryout執(zhí)行；D.settlein適應(yīng)（新工作、新學(xué)校等）。根據(jù)上文“hethoughttheytwoweretoodifferenttohaveanythingto”可知，Reagan認(rèn)為他和Darya太不同，沒有什么可談?wù)摰模蔬xA。【4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她的問候讓他感到驚訝，當(dāng)他意識(shí)到自己終究沒能逃脫時(shí)，他的呼吸卡在喉嚨里。A.inspired激勵(lì)；B.reminded提醒；C.attacked攻擊；D.surprised使驚訝。根據(jù)下文“asitbecameapparenthehadn’tescapedafterall”可知，Darya的問候讓Reagan感到驚訝，因?yàn)樗詾樽约禾用摿耍瑳]想到會(huì)被注意到，故選D。【5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我正在找一本關(guān)于足球技巧的書。A.locate定位、找出……的準(zhǔn)確地點(diǎn)；B.figure計(jì)算；C.gather收集；D.deliver遞送。根據(jù)下文“abookonsoccerskills”可知，Darya在找一本關(guān)于足球技巧的書，所以需要找到這本書，故選A。【6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他認(rèn)為如果他自己帶路，而不是試圖指引她正確的方向，這樣可以避免混淆。A.controlled控制；B.led帶領(lǐng)；C.designed設(shè)計(jì)；D.made制造。根據(jù)下文“ratherthantrytopointherintherightdirection”可知，Reagan決定親自帶路，而不是僅僅指引方向，故選B。【7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)她跟著他穿過書架時(shí)，他敢想象他們可能并沒有那么不同。A.particular特別的；B.unique獨(dú)特的；C.different不同的；D.determined堅(jiān)定的。根據(jù)上文“becausehethoughttheytwoweretoodifferent”“hedaredtoimaginetheymightnotbeso”以及下文“Hefeltabriefflashofhope”可知，Reagan開始意識(shí)到他和Darya可能并沒有那么不同，故選C。【8題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：立刻，Darya的一個(gè)隊(duì)友不知從哪里冒出來，催促她趕快結(jié)賬，否則他們會(huì)遲到練習(xí)。A.Luckily幸運(yùn)地；B.Actually實(shí)際上；C.Slowly慢慢地；D.Immediately立刻。根據(jù)下文“oneofDarya’steammatesappearedasifoutofnowhere”可知，Darya的隊(duì)友突然出現(xiàn)，催促她趕快結(jié)賬，所以是立刻出現(xiàn)的，故選D。【9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：相反，她轉(zhuǎn)過身來，帶著友好的微笑對(duì)Reagan說：“謝謝你的幫助，嘿，也許我們可以找個(gè)時(shí)間踢足球？”A.warm友好的、溫暖的；B.forced勉強(qiáng)的；C.crazy瘋狂的；D.determined堅(jiān)定的。根據(jù)下文“Thanksforyourhelp,andhey,maybewecouldplaysoccersometime?”可知，Darya帶著友好的微笑感謝Reagan，并提出一起踢足球的邀請(qǐng)，故選A。【10題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Reagan感到驚訝但高興，他的心因?yàn)橐馔獾难?qǐng)而跳動(dòng)，這是一個(gè)跡象，表明那些壁壘可能并不像他想象的那么不可逾越。A.congratulation祝賀；B.invitation邀請(qǐng)；C.election選舉；D.fortune財(cái)富。根據(jù)上文“Thanksforyourhelp,andhey,maybewecouldplaysoccersometime?”可知，此處說的是Darya的邀請(qǐng)，故選B。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)【答案】11.chose12.Finding13.tostudy【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章簡(jiǎn)要講述了著名醫(yī)生林巧稚受到母親的影響，沒有選擇走傳統(tǒng)的婚姻道路，而是不顧哥哥的反對(duì)，選擇了學(xué)醫(yī)的故事。【11題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：18歲時(shí)，她沒有像大多數(shù)女孩一樣走傳統(tǒng)的婚姻道路，而是選擇了學(xué)醫(yī)。根據(jù)“Atage18”可知，本句為一般過去時(shí)。故填chose。【12題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)。句意：“為什么女孩要學(xué)這么多？”找到一個(gè)好丈夫應(yīng)該是她們的最終目標(biāo)!。動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)，首字母大寫。故填Finding。【13題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)。句意：我寧愿一輩子單身也要學(xué)習(xí)！。不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。故填tostudy。【答案】14.which15.their16.To17.in【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者去了當(dāng)?shù)氐牟┪镳^，了解了加利福尼亞州的歷史變遷。【14題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：1848年，在舊金山附近發(fā)現(xiàn)了黃金，開始了淘金熱。分析句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是整個(gè)主句指物，且從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，所以用關(guān)系代詞which來引導(dǎo)。故填which。【15題詳解】考查物主代詞。句意：超過30萬(wàn)人從世界各地來到這里尋求財(cái)富，舊金山迅速成為一個(gè)大城市。根據(jù)空格后的名詞fortune可知，修飾名詞應(yīng)該用形容詞性物主代詞，所以空格處應(yīng)該用提示詞的形容詞性物主代詞their作定語(yǔ)。故填their。【16題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：為了謀生，一些人在唐人街開了商店和餐館。分析句意可知，此處應(yīng)該用提示詞的動(dòng)詞不定式形式作目的狀語(yǔ)表示“為了謀生”。故填To。【17題詳解】考查介詞。句意：同上。根據(jù)空格后的Chinatown可知，此處用介詞in表示“在”唐人街。故填in。【答案】18.aremade19.havehelped20.widely【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了太空探索對(duì)技術(shù)進(jìn)步的推動(dòng)作用，以及這些技術(shù)在各個(gè)行業(yè)的廣泛應(yīng)用。【18題詳解】考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：由于先進(jìn)的技術(shù)，世界各地的高端產(chǎn)品現(xiàn)在都以更高的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制造。根據(jù)句意，高端產(chǎn)品是被制造出來的，所以應(yīng)該使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。同時(shí)，根據(jù)上下文的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“now”可知，此處應(yīng)該使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用are。故填aremade。【19題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：例如，太空技術(shù)已經(jīng)幫助研究和開發(fā)了不同類型的新材料。根據(jù)下文“Theyhavealsohelpedcompaniesmakebetterheartmonitorsandothermachinesthatdoctorsregularlyuse(他們也幫助公司制造了更好的心臟監(jiān)測(cè)器和其他醫(yī)生經(jīng)常使用的機(jī)器)”可知，太空技術(shù)對(duì)新材料的研究和開發(fā)起到了幫助作用，且這種幫助作用是從過去開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的，所以應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，助動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用have。故填havehelped。【20題詳解】考查副詞。句意：今天，太空技術(shù)廣泛應(yīng)用于各種行業(yè)。根據(jù)句意，此處需要一個(gè)副詞作狀語(yǔ)來修飾動(dòng)詞used，表示“廣泛地”。故填widely。第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)【答案】21.A22.B23.D24.D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說明文，主要介紹了英國(guó)科學(xué)周的主題為“時(shí)間”，并介紹了一些相關(guān)的活動(dòng)和地點(diǎn)，以及這些地點(diǎn)的特色和意義。【21題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“AtTheRoyalObservatoryinGreenwich,London,youcanexploretheoriginsoftellingthetime,andhowtime-tellinginstrumentshaveevolved.”（在倫敦的格林威治皇家天文臺(tái)，你可以探索計(jì)時(shí)的起源，以及計(jì)時(shí)工具是如何發(fā)展的。）可知，你可以在皇家天文臺(tái)探索如何測(cè)量時(shí)間的方法，故選A。【22題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“TheMuseumofTimekeepingishometoafascinatingcollectionofclocks,watches,andtimepieces.”（時(shí)間博物館收藏了許多引人入勝的鐘表和計(jì)時(shí)器。）可知，你可以在時(shí)間博物館發(fā)現(xiàn)鐘表和計(jì)時(shí)器，故選B。【23題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Youcanfocusonhowourancestorslivedandunderstandthepast.”（你可以關(guān)注我們的祖先是如何生活的，理解過去。）可知，切達(dá)峽谷能讓我們了解我們祖先的生活方式，故選D。【24題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“TheweekhopestoraiseawarenessandstimulateenthusiasmforSTEMsubjects.”（這個(gè)星期希望提高人們對(duì)STEM科目的認(rèn)識(shí)，激發(fā)他們對(duì)STEM科目的熱情。）可知，英國(guó)科學(xué)周的主要目的是通過與“時(shí)間”主題相關(guān)的活動(dòng)來推廣STEM科目，故選D。【答案】25.C26.B27.D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了患有腦疾的大衛(wèi)參加越野跑比賽的故事。盡管大衛(wèi)的身體狀況不佳，但他的決心和信念使他完成了比賽，贏得了同學(xué)們的尊重和贊揚(yáng)。【25題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段““Iwasafraidthatkidsfromotherschoolswouldlaughathim,”heexplaineduncomfortably.“Igavehimthechoicetorunornot,andlethimdecide.”(他不舒服地解釋說：“我擔(dān)心其他學(xué)校的孩子會(huì)嘲笑他。我給了他選擇是否跑步的機(jī)會(huì)，讓他自己決定)”可知，教練讓大衛(wèi)自己做決定是因?yàn)樗麚?dān)心大衛(wèi)會(huì)受到其他孩子的嘲笑，故選C。【26題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Davidhadabraindiseasewhichpreventedhimfromwalkingorrunninglikeotherchildren,butatschoolhisclassmatesthoughtofhimasaregularkid.(大衛(wèi)患有腦疾，這使他無(wú)法像其他孩子一樣走路或跑步，但在學(xué)校，他的同學(xué)們把他當(dāng)作一個(gè)普通的孩子)”可知，大衛(wèi)的同學(xué)們?cè)趯W(xué)校把他看作一個(gè)正常的孩子，故選B。【27題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Itwasn’timportantwhetherhewonfirstplace.Itwashisbraveheartandstrongfaiththatmadesomethingunusualhappen.(他是否贏得第一名并不重要。是他勇敢的心和堅(jiān)定的信念讓一些不尋常的事情發(fā)生了)”可知，大衛(wèi)的決心和信念使他的成就變得特別，故選D。【答案】28.B29.A30.C31.B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述了太空活動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的軌道碎片問題，以及如何通過各種方法和技術(shù)來減少和處理這些碎片。【28題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Everylaunchofsatellitesorrocketsaddstotheproblem,increasingtheriskthatnegativelyinfluencesnotonlyspacemissionsbutalsofutureendeavors.”（每次衛(wèi)星或火箭的發(fā)射都會(huì)加劇這個(gè)問題，增加的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)不僅影響太空任務(wù)，也影響未來的努力。）可推知軌道碎片的主要問題是對(duì)未來太空任務(wù)的影響。故選B。【29題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第六段“OnesuchmethodinvolvescausingasatellitetobreakdownnaturallybybringingitclosertoEarth’ssurfacesoitburnsupintheatmosphere.”（其中一種方法是通過使衛(wèi)星更接近地球表面，使其在大氣中燃燒，從而使衛(wèi)星自然解體。）“AnothersimilartechnologyusesaharpoonthatisfiredinthedirectionofthetargetedspacecrafttocaptureitanddirectittowardsEarthinanactivemanner,causingthedebristodeorbitandplanatmosphericincineration.”（另一種類似的技術(shù)是使用一個(gè)魚叉向目標(biāo)航天器的方向發(fā)射，以捕獲它，并以主動(dòng)的方式將其引導(dǎo)到地球上，使碎片脫離軌道，并計(jì)劃在大氣中焚燒。）可知，除了監(jiān)管措施外，還使用了幾種減輕的方法來減少軌道過載。“mitigating”在這里的意思是減輕。故選A。【30題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Therefore,governmentshaveissuedmanyregulatorymeasures,includingactivedebrisremoval(ADR)technologiesorpollutionprevention,whichareeitherplanned,tested,oralreadycarriedouttoprotectbothexistingspacecraftandonessettobelaunched.”（因此，各國(guó)政府已經(jīng)出臺(tái)了許多監(jiān)管措施，包括主動(dòng)清除碎片（ADR）技術(shù)或污染預(yù)防，這些措施已經(jīng)被計(jì)劃、測(cè)試或已經(jīng)實(shí)施，以保護(hù)現(xiàn)有的航天器和即將發(fā)射的航天器。）可推知，處理太空碎片的措施包括主動(dòng)清除碎片技術(shù)。故選C。【31題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Toreducethelong-termriskofcollisions,thefocusneedstobeonreducingtheamountofdebrisintheorbit.Internationalcooperationandcontinuedinvestmentindebrisreductiontechnologiesarecarriedouttoreducethepotentiallydisastrousconsequencesofanovercrowdedorbit.”（為了減少長(zhǎng)期碰撞的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，需要關(guān)注減少軌道上的碎片數(shù)量。進(jìn)行國(guó)際合作并持續(xù)投資于減少碎片的技術(shù)，以減少軌道過度擁擠可能帶來的災(zāi)難性后果。）可推知，減少太空碎片需要共同和進(jìn)一步的努力。故選B。【答案】32.C33.D34.B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了一個(gè)國(guó)際化石獵人小組在中國(guó)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)史前海洋生物“托兒所”的遺跡。這些化石可以追溯到大約5.18億年前——一個(gè)被稱為寒武紀(jì)的時(shí)期，當(dāng)時(shí)地球上所有的生命都生活在海洋中。在一個(gè)地方發(fā)現(xiàn)這么多寒武紀(jì)的化石是非常罕見的。【32題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Seventeenofthespeciesdiscoveredarenewtoscience,andmorethanhalfofthefossilsareyounganimals.(發(fā)現(xiàn)的物種中有17個(gè)是科學(xué)上的新物種，超過一半的化石是年輕的動(dòng)物)”可知，發(fā)現(xiàn)的化石中一些是以前不為人知的物種。故選C。【33題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Whentheseabedwascoveredbysoftmud(泥)thesecreatures’remainswereperfectlypreserved,eventuallycreatingalayeroffossil-richrock.(當(dāng)海床被軟泥覆蓋時(shí)，這些生物的遺骸被完好地保存了下來，最終形成了一層富含化石的巖石)”可知，海床狀況良好讓這些生物的遺骸不被破壞。故選D。【34題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Onebenefitofalltheyoungcreaturesfossilsisthatscientist