【上好課】2025年高考一輪復習知識清單

專題39閱讀理解之猜測詞義題（講案）原卷版

（快問快答+思維導圖+考法點撥+真題再練+名校模擬）

目錄

一、閱讀理解猜測詞義題快問快答P1

二、閱讀理解猜測詞義題高考考情P2

三、閱讀理解猜測詞義題命題特點P2

四、閱讀理解猜測詞義題思維導圖P3

五、閱讀理解猜測詞義題考法點撥P3

考法一：利用釋義法猜詞P3

考法二：利用構詞法猜詞P3

考法三：利用因果關系猜詞P4

考法四：利用對比關系猜詞P4

考法五：利用上下文解題P5

考法六：利用同義關系解題P5

考法七：利用生活常識解題P5

考法八：利用就近原則判指代P6

六、閱讀理解猜測詞義題真題演練(7例)P6

七、閱讀理解猜測詞義題名校模擬(15篇)P9

模擬一：生詞類猜測詞義題P9

模擬二：短語類猜測詞義題P15

模擬三：句子類猜測詞義題P22

模擬四：代詞類猜測詞義題P23

一、閱讀理解猜測詞義題快問快答

Q1：閱讀理解猜測詞義題有什么特點？

A1：猜測詞義題屬于閱讀基礎題型，每年必考，難度不大，需要有滿分意識。

Q2：閱讀理解猜測詞義題做題步驟如何？

A2：一是“找詞”--先從題干中提取關鍵性(題眼)，二是“定位”--尋找與此關鍵詞相關的段落、語句做好

標記，三是“代入”--仔細比對四個選項與文中細節的細微區別，最后確定答案。

Q3：閱讀理解猜測詞義題有哪些考查方向？

A3：閱讀理解猜測詞義題有四大考查方向：一是考查短語語境猜測，二是考查生詞語境猜測，三是考查句

子語境理解，四是考查代詞語境猜測。

Q4：如何提高閱讀理解細節題正答率？

A4：一要掌握閱讀理解猜測詞義題命題規律和選項特征，二要不斷擴大詞匯量，尤其是3500高考高頻詞

匯，三要廣泛進行閱讀實踐和專項訓練，積累經驗，摸索出一套行之有效的個性化做題模式，四要重視糾

錯，探尋錯誤原因，防止出現類似錯誤。

二、閱讀理解猜測詞義題高考考情

猜測詞義題基本上是閱讀理解每年必考的題型。此類題型旨在考查考生根據上下文推斷單詞、短語或

句子的本意或外延含義的能力，既可以考查生詞的意義，也可以考查熟詞的新意，還可以是對替代詞所替

代內容的判斷。除了直接命題的生詞外，閱讀文章時，常常也會遇到一些過去未見過的詞，但這類生詞的

詞義大都可以通過上下文推斷出來。

2022-2024高考閱讀理解考點統計

卷別細節理解題猜測詞義題推理判斷題主旨大意題

2024新課標I卷9141

2024新課標II卷9141

2023新課標I卷6171

2023新課標II卷6171

2022新課標I卷8241

2022新課標II卷8241

2024全國甲卷7161

2023全國甲卷8151

2023全國乙卷5181

2022全國甲卷8133

2022全國乙卷10131

三、閱讀理解猜測詞義題命題特點

特殊疑問句形式:以疑問詞what開頭引出的問題;通常涉及四種形式：生詞型、短語型、句子型、代詞

型。

28.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“shinethrough”inparagraph2mean?（2024新課標I卷，短語型）

32.Whatdoesthephrase“Inthewronghands”inparagraph2probablymean?（2024新課標II卷，短語型）

26.Whichbestexplainsthephrase"take...upnotch"inparagraph3?（2024全國甲卷，短語型）

24.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthefirstparagraphreferto?（2024浙江1月卷，代詞型）

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph3mean?（2023新課標I卷，生詞型）

30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“relateto”inparagraph2mean?（2023新課標I卷，短語型）

24.Whichisclosestinmeaningto“adabhand”inparagraph1?（2023新課標II卷，短語型）

四、閱讀理解猜測詞義題思維導圖

五、閱讀理解猜測詞義題考法點撥

考法一：利用釋義法猜詞

在說明文尤其是科技類說明文中，作者通常會對一些關鍵詞或專業術語進行解釋。常見的有對該詞下定義

或后跟同位語、定語從句、冒號、破折號、括號等引出解釋說明部分。

【調研01】(2022全國乙卷第29題)

原文：Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.Itis

calculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,including

sendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerouswork

thatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews’efforts.

29.Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinparagraph3referto?

A.Personnelsafety.B.Assistancefromdrones.

C.inspectionandrepair.D.Constructionofinfrastructure.

考法二：利用構詞法猜詞

英語單詞可以通過添加詞綴、合成或轉化的方式構成新詞或生成新的詞義。同學們要熟記一定數量的詞根、

前綴和后綴，從而達到通過“解剖”一個單詞，對一個生詞能夠“望文生義”的效果。

【調研02】（2016全國II卷第27題）

原文：Encouragingthiskindofthinkinghasadownside.Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferent

styleofthinking.Withoutfailonewoulddeclare,“ButI’mjustnotcreative.”

27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“downside”inParagraph4probablymean？

A.Mistake.B.Drawback.C.Difficulty.D.Burden.

考法三：利用因果關系猜詞

若畫線單詞或短語前后句子之間構成因果關系，那我們便可以根據這種因果邏輯關系推知單詞或短語的意

義。因果關系的語境通常由because,so,thus,therefore,asaresultof,sothat,so/such...that...等標志詞體現。

【調研03】（2019全國II卷第25題）

原文：Iguessthatthere’sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohelp

foranunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtugattheheartstrings.Imention

thesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren’teven

on…Atthispointtheunwillingparentspeaksup,“Alright.Yes,I’lldoit.”

25.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“tugattheheartstrings”inParagraph2mean？

A.Encourageteamwork.B.Appealtofeeling.

C.Promotegooddeeds.D.Provideadvice.

考法四：利用對比關系猜詞

運用轉折對比描述事物或現象是寫作時常用的一種手法，作者常借用一些信號詞來提供相反信息，抓

住這些信號詞，結合上下文意，我們就能夠快速推測出詞義。體現對比關系的詞語很多，常見的有but,yet,

however,while,unlike,insteadof,ontheotherhand,ratherthan,onthecontrary等。

【調研04】（2020新高考卷Ⅰ第33題）

原文：AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsof

oureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoid

eatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份),it’sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedto

avoid.

33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“beanpoles”inparagraph1referto?

A.Bigeaters.B.Overweightpersons.C.Pickyeaters.D.Tallthinpersons.

考法五：利用上下文解題

有些猜測詞義句意題找不到以上標志或線索，我們可以利用上下文提供的語境進行合乎邏輯的綜合分析，

進而推測詞義句意。

【調研05】（2022新高考II卷第24題）

原文：Wejournalistsliveinanewageofstorytelling,withmanynewmultimediatools.Manyyoungpeopledon't

evenrealizeit'snew.Forthem,it’sjustnormal.

ThishithomeformeasIwassittingwithmy2-year-oldgrandsononasofaovertheSpringFestivalholiday.

Ihadbroughtachildren'sbooktoread.Ithadsimplewordsandcolorfulpictures—aperfectmatchforhisage.

24.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“hithomeforme”meaninparagraph2?

A.Providedshelterforme.B.Becameverycleartome.

C.Tookthepressureoffme.D.Workedquitewellonme.

考法六：利用同義關系解題

畫線單詞或短語前后有時會出現與之同義或近義的詞語或結構，這時我們可從熟悉的詞語中推知生詞的含

義。常見的表示同義關系的詞或短語有and,or,like,aswell,similarly,too,also,either等。

【調研06】（2015四川卷第44題）

原文：Anditisnotjustrobinsthatarebeingkeptawakebyartificiallight.Blackbirdsandseagullsarealsobeing

morenocturnal.

44.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“nocturnal”inParagraph5mean？

A.Activeatnight.B.Inactiveatnight.

C.Activeduringtheday.D.Inactiveduringtheday.

考法七：利用生活常識解題

在僅靠分析篇章內在邏輯關系和語境無法猜出詞義時，我們可以借助生活經驗和普通常識確定詞義。

【調研07】（2020江蘇卷第61題）

原文：Forthosewhocanstomachit,workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialforhealththaneating

first,accordingtoastudyofmealtimingandphysicalactivity.

61.Theunderlinedexpression“stomachit”inParagraph1mostprobablymeans“_______”.

A.digestthemealeasilyB.managewithoutbreakfast

C.decidewiselywhattoeatD.eatwhateverisoffered

考法八：利用就近原則判指代

代詞指代題原則上從上文尋找線索，確定答案?；军c是單數還是復數，指人還是指物。

【調研08】（2022新高考II卷第30題）

原文："Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior,”saidFélixW.Ortiz,whopushedfor

thestate's2001banonhand-helddevicesbydrivers.IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,"peoplearegoing

tobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone."

30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"something"inthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Advice.B.Data.C.Tests.D.Laws.

六、閱讀理解猜測詞義題真題演練

【演練01】（2024新課標I卷第28題）

Whenreadingtextsofseveralhundredwordsormore,learningisgenerallymoresuccessfulwhenit’s

onpaperthanonscreen.Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding.Thebenefitsofprintreading

particularlyshinethroughwhenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpletasks–likeidentifyingthemain

ideainareadingpassage–toonesthatrequirementalabstraction–suchasdrawinginferencesfromatext.

28.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“shinethrough”inparagraph2mean?

A.Seemunlikelytolast.B.Seemhardtoexplain.

C.Becomereadytouse.D.Becomeeasytonotice.

【演練02】（2024新課標II卷第32題）

Inthewronghands,suchabookcouldproveascomplicatedtoprocessasthecomputercode(代碼)that

powersAIbut,thankfully,Campbellhasmorethantwodecades’professionalexperiencetranslatingtheheady

intotheunderstandable.Shewritesfromthepracticalangleofabusinesspersonratherthanasanacademic,

makingforaguidewhichishighlyaccessibleandinformativeandwhich,bytheclose,willmakeyoufeelalmost

assmartasAI.

32.Whatdoesthephrase“Inthewronghands”inparagraph2probablymean?

A.Ifreadbysomeonepoorlyeducated.

B.Ifreviewedbysomeoneill-intentioned.

C.Ifwrittenbysomeonelesscompetent.

D.Iftranslatedbysomeoneunacademic.

【演練03】（2023新課標I卷第29題）

Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.

Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,

youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassive

benefitstothethingsyouvalue.

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph3mean?

A.Clear-up.B.Add-on.C.Check-in.D.Take-over.

【演練04】（2023新課標II卷第30題）

Inthis“bookofbooks,”artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnections

betweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebook

asafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed(描繪)aloneinmanysettingsandposes

—absorbedinavolume,deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpainted

hundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto.

30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“relateto”inparagraph2mean?

A.Understand.B.Paint.

C.Seize.D.Transform.

【演練05】（2023全國甲卷第24題）

TerriBoltonisadabhandwhenitcomestoDIY(do-it-yourself).Skilledatputtingupshelvesandpiecing

togetherfurniture,sheneverpayssomeoneelsetodoajobshecandoherself.

24.Whichisclosestinmeaningto“adabhand”inparagraph1?

A.Anartist.B.Awinner.C.Aspecialist.D.Apioneer.

【演練06】（2023全國乙卷第24題）

Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyor

deliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingside

oftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfrican

peopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpast

achievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthemback

avoice.Whenweconsidercontact(聯系)betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allour

first-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthat

conversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.

34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conversation”inparagraph3referto?

A.Problem.B.History.C.Voice.D.Society.

【演練07】（2023全國甲卷第26題）

Animalscanexpresstheirneedsusingalotofways.Forinstance,almostallanimalshavedistinctvocals(聲

音)thattheyrelyontoeitheraskforhelp,scareawayanydangerousanimalsorlookforshelter.Butcatsare

specialcreatureswhopossessamazingvocalizationskills.Theyareabletohaveentireconversationswithhumans

usingmeowsandyou'reabletointerpretit.Ifapetcatishungry,itwillkeepmeowingtoattractattentionandfind

food.However,whenacatislookingforaffection,theytendtoproducestretchedandsoftmeows.Meowing

startsassoonasababycatisbroughttolifeandusesittogetthemother'sattentionandbefed.

Catshavemanyheightenedsenses,buttheirsenseofsmellisquiteimpressive.Theyusetheirnosestoassess

theirenvironmentandlookoutforanysignsofdanger.Theywillsniffoutspecificareasbeforetheychoosea

placetorelax.However,anotherwaythecatsareabletodistinguishbetweensituationsisbylookingforfamiliar

smells.Yourcatwilllikelysmellyourfaceandstorethesmellinitsmemoryanduseittorecognizeyouinthe

future.That'swhymostpetcatsareabletotellimmediatelyiftheirownerswerearoundanyothercats,which

theydon'tusuallylike.

Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit,butcatstakethisbehaviorupanotch.Manycatswill

findrandomobjectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.Thisisaveryoldhabitthat'sbeenpresentinallkinds

ofpredators(食肉動物).Catsbringgiftsfortheirownerstoshowtheyloveyou.Theseadorablelittlehuntersare

justdoingsomethingthatit'sbeenintheirnaturesincethebeginningoftime.Sojustgoalongwithit!

24.Whatcanbelearnedaboutcats'meowingfromthefirstparagraph?

A.It'sasurvivalskill.B.It'staughtbymothercats.

C.It'shardtointerpret.D.It'sgettinglouderwithage.

25.Howdoesapetcatassessdifferentsituations?

A.Bylisteningforsounds.B.Bytouchingfamiliarobjects.

C.Bycheckingonsmells.D.Bycommunicatingwithothercats.

26.Whichbestexplainsthephrase"take...upnotch"inparagraph3?

A.Performappropriately.B.Movefaster.

C.Actstrangely.D.Dobetter.

27.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TipsonFindingaSmartCatB.UnderstandingYourCat'sBehavior

C.HaveFunwithYourCatD.HowtoKeepYourCatHealthy

七、閱讀理解猜測詞義題名校模擬

【模擬一：生詞類猜測詞義題】

【模擬01】（23-24高三下·陜西渭南·階段練習）Pickupanypackagedprocessedfood,andthere’sadecent

chancethatoneofitslistedingredientswillbe“naturalflavor”.Theingredientsoundsgood,particularlyin

contrastto“artificialflavor”.Butwhatexactlydoesnaturalflavormean?Itreferstoextracts(提取物)gotfrom

naturalsourceslike.Whenconsumerssee“naturalflavor”onalabel,theyareunlikelytoassumethatsomeoneis

squeezingthejuicefromorangesintotheirbottle.Theyknoweventhoughnaturalflavormustcomefromnatural

sources,itneedn’tallcomefromtheplantormeat.Forexample,orangeflavormightcontainnotonlyorange

extract,butalsoextractsfrombarkandgrass.Noristhecommonbelieftruethatingredientsextractedfromnature

arenecessarilysaferthansomethingartificiallymade.

Soifflavorslikeorangeareneeded,whynotjustuseoranges?Theanswercomesdownto“availability,

costandsustainability”,accordingtoflavorchemistGaryReinecciusoftheUniversityofMinnesota.“Ifyou’re

goingtouseallyourgrapesongrapesoda,”Reinecciussays,“youdon’thaveanygrapesforwinemaking;the

productsaregoingtobeexorbitantandmostpeoplecan’taffordthem.”

Actually,whilechemistsmakenaturalflavorsbyextractingchemicalsfromnaturalingredients,artificial

flavorsaremadebycreatingthesamechemicalsartificially.Thereasonwhycompaniesbothertousenatural

flavorsratherthanartificialflavorsissimple:marketing.“Manyoftheseproductshavehealthtitles,”saysPlatkin,

professorfromHunterCollege.“Consumersmaybetalkedtobelieveproductswithnaturalflavorsarehealthier,

thoughthey’renutritionallynodifferentfromthosewithartificialflavors.Naturalflavorsmayinvolvemoreforest

clear-cuttingandcarbonemissionsfromtransportthanflavorscreatedinthelab.”

Platkinsuggestsgettingmoretransparentlabelingonpackagingthatdescribesexactlywhatthenaturalor

artificialflavorsare,soconsumersarenotmisledintobuyingoneproductoveranotherbecauseof“natural

flavors”.Reinecciusalsoofferssomesimpleguidance:“Don’tbuyanythingbecauseitsays‘naturalflavors’.Buy

itbecauseyoulikeit.”

1．Whichisamisunderstandingaboutthe“naturalflavor”juiceaccordingtoParagraph1?

A．Itcomesfrom100%originalfruit.

B．Itisnothingbutadvertisingtricks.

C．Itisabsolutelysaferthanjuicewithartificialflavors.

D．Itcertainlycontainsextractsmadeinthelab.

2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exorbitant”inParagraph2probablymean?

A．Suitable.B．Expensive.C．Official.D．Flexible.

3．Whydocompaniesusenaturalflavorsintheirproducts?

A．Topromotethesales.B．Tocutthecosts.

C．Toadvocateahealthydiet.D．Toavoidfoodsafetyissues.

4．Whatcanweconcludefromthepassage?

A．CaryandPlatkinholdoppositeperspectives.

B．Naturalflavorsaremoreenvironmentally-friendly.

C．Companiesarebannedtoproduceartificialflavorfood.

D．Naturalandartificialflavorsaremorealikethanyouthink.

【模擬02】（2024·山西運城·二模）WhilegrowingupinCaliforniainthe1980s,WinifredFrickneversaw

acondor(禿鷹)inthewild.ThepopulationofNorthAmerica’slargestbird,Gymnogypscalifornianus,had

declinedtonearlyzeroby1987becausesomanywereshot,poisonedorcaptured.

Thefewremainingwildcondorswerebroughtintozoosintheearly1980saspartofacaptivebreeding(圈

養)program.Gradually,asmallgroupofthebirdsreproduced,andeventuallymanyofthecondorswerereleased

backintothewild.

Today,Frick,aconservationbiologist,andher14-year-oldsoncanadmirecondorsflyingintheskywhile

hikingalongthePacificcoast.Nearly350ofthespecies,whosewingscanspannearly3meters,onceagainfly

overpartsofCaliforniaandArizona.

Thecondors’happyendingisthanksinlargeparttotheU.S.EndangeredSpeciesAct,orESA,enactedon

December28,1973.Theactcurrentlyprotectsmorethan2,300species.Theseincludemorethan900plantsandat

least160marinespecies.

“Whenitcomestopreventingplantsandanimalsfromgoingextinct,theESAisoneofthemostpowerful

lawswehave,”saysFrick.“TheESAisaboutprotectingwildlifeforourfuturegenerations.”

Ifaspeciesisthoughttobethreatenedorendangeredwithgoingextinct,itgoesthroughastrictprocessto

determinewhetheritshouldbeaddedtotheendangeredspecieslist.Onceaspeciesmakesthelist,government

agenciescreateaplantohelpitrecover.Thismightmeandescribingwaystorestoreitshabitatoridentifying

waystohaltthreatstoaspecies.Forinstance,beinglistedundertheactmakesitillegaltouse,killorcatchanyof

theseorganisms.Italsobanstheimportofanyendangeredforeignanimals,aswellasanymeatorproductsmade

fromthem.

TheESAhaswrittenplentyofsuccessstoriesoverthepasthalf-century.Sofar,theacthashelpedkeep99

percentofspeciesunderitsprotectionfromextinction.

5．Whydidthezooskeepwildcondorscaptiveinthe1980s?

A．Torelocatetheirnaturalhabitat.B．Torestorethecondorpopulation.

C．Tomakewayforhikingactivities.D．Tohonoraconservationbiologist.

6．Whatarethefiguresinparagraph4intendedtotellus?

A．Thesurvivalrateofthecondorsishigh.B．Manyspeciesarefacedwithextinction.

C．TheESAhasbeenrecognizedbythepublic.D．TheESAcontributesalottospeciesprotection.

7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“halt”inparagraph6probablymean?

A．Stop.B．Track.C．Transform.D．Replace.

8．What’sthebesttitleforthetext?

A．TheESAHasSavedManySpeciesB．QuantitiesofSpeciesAreDyingOut

C．TheESASharestheStoryofCondorsD．WildAnimalsAreinNeedofProtection

【模擬03】（2024·浙江金華·三模）TheUSeconomyseemsstrongwithhighemployment,fallinginflation

(通貨膨脹),andgrowth.However,therealityisfarlessoptimisticforordinaryAmericanworkers.

AMarch6surveybytheSavingswebsiteshowedthat47%ofUSparentsfinanciallysupporttheiradult

childrentocopewithrisinglivingcosts.GenZers(18-27)arethemostlikelytoreceivesuchaid,averaging

$1,515permonth.Still,evenolderparentsassisttheirMillennialandGenerationXadultchildren,accountingfor

21%ofsupport.Commonexpensesincludegroceries,tuition,andhealthinsurance.

WhyaresomanyUSadultsstruggling?Soaringfoodpricesareamajorfactor.TheUSDepartmentof

Agriculturepredictsa2.5%increaseinfoodpricesin2024.Meanwhile,stablehousingremainsanelusivedream

formany,withtheaverage30-yearfixed-ratemortgage(抵押貸款)reachingatalmost8%inOctober2023,

accordingtotheMortgageBankersAssociation.ThishighcostpricesmanyAmericansoutofhomeownership.

Thefinalpieceofthepuzzleisfallingsalaries.Previousgenerationswereabletocountongraduatingfrom

collegeasthekeytolandingajobthatpaidwell.Butnow,youngUSgraduateshavefoundthattheyearnless

thantheirparents.AccordingtoaCNBCanalysis,collegegraduatesalarieshavedecreasedmorethan10percent

infourdecadesafteradjustingforinflation.Inotherwords,steadilydecliningsalariesmakeitevenharderfor

youngAmericanstocopewithsteadilyrisingcosts.

WithGenZersintheUSstrugglingunderfinancialpressures,sodotheoldergenerationssupportingthem,

astheirgenerosityputstheirprospectsforretirementatrisk.TheSavingswebsitediscoveredthatworkingparents

werefoundtocontribute2.4timesmoretosupportadultchildrenthantheycontributetotheirretirementaccounts

eachmonth.

Essentially,whiletheUSeconomyremainsfloating,wemightwitnessmultiplegenerationsofAmericans

sinkingintheirownlifeboatsintheyearsahead.

9．WhatdidtheMarch6surveyfindoutaboutadultchildrenintheUS?

A．Nearlyhalfofthemarefinanciallydependent.

B．OverhalfofGenZersarefinanciallystruggling.

C．21percentofGenerationXreceiveparentalhelp.

D．Amajorityofthemrelyontheirparentsforeducation.

10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“elusive”inparagraph3mostprobablymean?

A．Readilyaccessible.B．Difficulttoachieve.

C．Oftenmisunderstood.D．Commonlysoughtafter.

11．WhatcanbeinferredfromthearticleaboutpeopleintheUS?

A．Graduates’financialstrugglesaretemporary.

B．Governmentpoliciesfavoroldergenerations.

C．Financialpressuresaffectboththeyoungandtheold.

D．Salariesforgraduatestendtokeeppacewithinflation.

12．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardthefutureprospectsofAmericans?

A．Negative.B．Positive.C．Reserved.D．Ambiguous.

【模擬04】（2024·陜西榆林·三模）Fingerprintshavebeenusedtoidentifyindividualsforcenturies.But

nowscientistsmayhavefinallyfiguredouthowthosepatternsareformed,accordingtoapaperpublishedinthe

journalCellinFebruary.

Previousstudieshaveshownthatfingerprintscanbeinfluencedbytheshapeandsizeofthebloodvessels

intheskinandhowfastthedifferentlayersofskingrow.DenisHeadonattheUniversityofEdinburgh,UK,and

hiscolleaguesstartedtheirstudyfromanewviewpoint:howgenesaffectfingerprintpatterns.Theyidentifiedthe

genesrelatedtolimb(肢體)development,whichcouldserveasthegroundworkforprintformation,accordingto

theirworkpublishedin2022.

However,manygenesarenotinvolvedintheprocess.“Thekeyishowtheyform,”HeadontoldNature,a

sciencejournal.Theteamstudiedtheridges(脊)onmousetoesandhumancellsgrownartificially.

Theyfoundtwokindsofelementsworkagainsteachother.AproteincalledWNT,whichisimportantin

skindevelopment,promotesridgeformation.Anothermolecule(分子),calledBMP,impedestheridges.Withthe

twoelements“fighting”eachother,theycreatethepatternsofwaves.Theteamalsochangedthetimingandthe

locationoftheoriginsofthewavesinexperiments.Theydiscoveredthatthewaveswouldcollideindifferent

ways,whichhelpstocreatethediversityofprintpatterns.

Interestingly,theanalysisofthefingerprintpatternssupportedtheTuringreaction-diffusionsystem.Itwas

firstproposedbyUKscientistAlanTuringin1952todescribeaself-organizingsystemthatcreatespatternsin

nature,suchasthefeatherpatternsinbirdsandstripesonzebra.Theresearchersalsobuiltacomputermodelthat

canrecreateprintpatternsbyfollowingtheTuringsystem.

Basedonthenewstudy,itmaybepossiblethatthestructuresofhumanskinmightbeallgeneratedbythe

samemechanism,SarahMillar,aUSbiologist,toldthewebsiteScienceNews.However,morestudiesonhowthe

skinmaturesareneededtosolvethemystery.

13．WhatdidDenisHeadonandhiscolleaguesfocusonintheirstudy?

A．Therelationbetweenskingrowthandfingerprintformation.

B．Theinfluenceofbloodvesselsonfingerpr