2025高考英語(yǔ)大二輪新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)明確指出四選一閱讀主要考查考生理解書(shū)面語(yǔ)篇的能力，其中包括對(duì)語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)容、語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)的理解和把握，也包括對(duì)語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)容的分析、闡釋和評(píng)價(jià)。要求考生能判斷和識(shí)別書(shū)面語(yǔ)篇的意圖，獲取其中的重要信息和觀(guān)點(diǎn)；能識(shí)別語(yǔ)篇中的主要事實(shí)與觀(guān)點(diǎn)之間的邏輯關(guān)系，理解語(yǔ)篇反映的文化背景；能推斷語(yǔ)篇中的隱含意義；能識(shí)別語(yǔ)篇中的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)和相應(yīng)支撐論據(jù)；能根據(jù)定義線(xiàn)索，理解概念性詞匯或術(shù)語(yǔ)；能理解文本信息與非文本信息的關(guān)系。卷別年份篇目體裁主題題目類(lèi)型詞數(shù)細(xì)節(jié)理解推理判斷詞句猜測(cè)主旨大意新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷2024A應(yīng)用文人與社會(huì)：生物棲息地修復(fù)小組志愿者招募3000199B記敘文人與自然：中西醫(yī)結(jié)合治療動(dòng)物1201296C議論文人與社會(huì)：紙質(zhì)閱讀與數(shù)字閱讀1210339D說(shuō)明文人與自然：目前生物多樣性記錄存在偏應(yīng)用文人與社會(huì)：自行車(chē)租賃和有導(dǎo)游的觀(guān)光2100201B記敘文人與自然：設(shè)計(jì)生態(tài)機(jī)器2200328C說(shuō)明文人與自我：數(shù)字極簡(jiǎn)主義1210314D說(shuō)明文人與社會(huì)：“群體智慧”效應(yīng)12013352022A應(yīng)用文人與自我：課程評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)1200238B說(shuō)明文人與自然：減少食物浪費(fèi)3100338C新聞報(bào)道人與社會(huì)：養(yǎng)老院的養(yǎng)雞項(xiàng)目1210292D說(shuō)明文人與社會(huì)：語(yǔ)音演變1201335新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷2024A應(yīng)用文人與自我：卡洛秋季徒步節(jié)的幾種步行方案3000290B新聞報(bào)道人與社會(huì)：自助服務(wù)亭2200276C說(shuō)明文人與社會(huì)：巴比倫微農(nóng)場(chǎng)2101268D說(shuō)明文人與社會(huì)：介紹AIbyDesign這本書(shū)21103212023A應(yīng)用文人與自然：護(hù)林員項(xiàng)目3000250B記敘文人與自我：校園菜園項(xiàng)目1201273C說(shuō)明文人與社會(huì)：介紹ReadingArt這本書(shū)1210326D說(shuō)明文人與自然：城市自然景觀(guān)對(duì)人的影應(yīng)用文人與社會(huì)：博物館團(tuán)體游3000226B記敘文人與社會(huì)：記者發(fā)現(xiàn)新媒體時(shí)代對(duì)孫子的影響3010321C說(shuō)明文人與社會(huì)：用短信監(jiān)控器監(jiān)督司機(jī)1111282D說(shuō)明文人與自我：有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)13003461．文章題材豐富。高考英語(yǔ)試卷中的所有語(yǔ)篇都緊扣“人與自我”“人與社會(huì)”以及“人與自然”三大主題語(yǔ)境，題材涉及故事、科學(xué)知識(shí)、自然景觀(guān)、社會(huì)現(xiàn)象、文化活動(dòng)等。2．短文體裁廣泛。短文體裁包括應(yīng)用文、記敘文、說(shuō)明文、議論文、新聞報(bào)道等，說(shuō)明文占比較高。3．題型分布多樣。近三年新課標(biāo)卷的四選一閱讀突出考查考生理解和運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言知識(shí)解決問(wèn)題的基本能力，以考查細(xì)節(jié)理解、推理判斷為主，以考查詞句猜測(cè)、主旨大意為輔。預(yù)測(cè)1文章題材專(zhuān)業(yè)化。閱讀理解C篇和D篇往往是一套試題中最難的，一般以社科類(lèi)說(shuō)明文和科普類(lèi)說(shuō)明文為主，2024年的試題文本注入了更多考生不熟悉的新話(huà)題、新理念，涉及生物學(xué)、文學(xué)等專(zhuān)業(yè)性更強(qiáng)的領(lǐng)域，信息理解難度增加。未來(lái)高考閱讀試題將會(huì)繼續(xù)出現(xiàn)文學(xué)、藝術(shù)、歷史、經(jīng)濟(jì)、科技等主題情境中專(zhuān)業(yè)性較強(qiáng)的文章。因此，在備考過(guò)程中考生需要接觸不同類(lèi)型的語(yǔ)篇，大量閱讀有關(guān)語(yǔ)言、人文、科學(xué)知識(shí)普及等素材，通過(guò)閱讀拓展思維、縮小信息差，從而突破閱讀障礙，提升閱讀能力。預(yù)測(cè)2派生詞、熟詞生義詞劇增。閱讀文本及選項(xiàng)中越來(lái)越多地出現(xiàn)不超綱的“超綱詞”(通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法合成或派生而來(lái)的新詞、熟詞生義詞等)，使閱讀難度劇增。隨著專(zhuān)業(yè)性文章的增多，我們可以大膽預(yù)測(cè)在未來(lái)的高考閱讀試題中此類(lèi)詞會(huì)繼續(xù)增加。鑒于《普通高中英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》詞匯表只收錄3000個(gè)詞，由這些詞匯派生(derivation)、合成(compounding)、轉(zhuǎn)化(conversion)而來(lái)的詞將會(huì)大量地出現(xiàn)在未來(lái)的高考閱讀語(yǔ)篇中。平時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)或積累應(yīng)把此類(lèi)詞匯作為重點(diǎn)來(lái)抓。預(yù)測(cè)3長(zhǎng)句難句頻現(xiàn)。高考閱讀語(yǔ)篇中含有大量的長(zhǎng)句和難句，句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，除了主干外，還有很多附加部分，如插入語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)從句、介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)等，再加上其他復(fù)合句結(jié)構(gòu)，還有并列、倒裝、省略、強(qiáng)調(diào)和虛擬語(yǔ)氣的運(yùn)用，使得閱讀文本復(fù)雜難懂，很難找到主干部分，以至于影響閱讀及理解。隨著高考閱讀文本內(nèi)容越來(lái)越專(zhuān)業(yè)，為了更好地將主旨表達(dá)清楚，長(zhǎng)難句今后會(huì)頻繁出現(xiàn)在專(zhuān)業(yè)性文章中。破難點(diǎn)除障礙技法1速判大寫(xiě)詞，人名地名某某名如果在閱讀中遇見(jiàn)人名、地名、作品名(常用斜體)、報(bào)刊名(常用斜體)、物種名、機(jī)構(gòu)組織名等，我們不需要弄明白其具體意思，可以根據(jù)上下文將其轉(zhuǎn)換為“某人”“某地”“某組織”“某作品”等，提取關(guān)鍵信息，加快閱讀速度。這些詞一般不會(huì)影響我們對(duì)文章大意的理解。典例1(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ，A片段)HelprestoreandprotectMarin’s(某地)naturalareasfromtheMarinHeadlands(某地)toBolinasRidge(某地)．We’llexplorebeautifulparksiteswhileconductinginvasive(侵入的)plantremoval，winterplanting，andseedcollection.HabitatRestorationTeam(某組織)volunteersplayavitalroleinrestoringsensitiveresourcesandprotectingendangeredspeciesacrosstheridgesandvalleys.典例2(2022·全國(guó)乙，B片段)In1916，twogirlsofwealthyfamilies，bestfriendsfromAuburn，N.Y.(某地)—DorothyWoodruff(某人)andRosamondUnderwood(某人)—traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountains(某地)toteachinaone-roomschoolhouse.ThegirlshadgonetoSmithCollege(某大學(xué))．Theyworeexpensiveclothes.SoforthemtomovetoElkhead，Colo.(某地)toinstructthechildrenwhoseshoeswereheldtogetherwithstringwasasurprise.TheirstayinElkhead(某地)isthesubjectofNothingDaunted：TheUnexpectedEducationofTwoSocietyGirlsintheWest(某書(shū))byDorothyWickenden(某人)，whoisamagazineeditorandDorothyWoodruff’s(某人)granddaughter.技法2巧用邏輯判斷全新障礙詞如果在閱讀中遇到純粹的生詞或生僻短語(yǔ)，我們可以借助上下文的邏輯關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義，常見(jiàn)的方法有：利用定義、定語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)等猜測(cè)詞義；借助對(duì)比、同義或反義表達(dá)猜測(cè)詞義；通過(guò)因果、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義；根據(jù)所舉的例子反推詞義等。典型示例清障分析(2024·全國(guó)甲，B片段)Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit，butcatstakethisbehaviorupanotch.Manycatswillfindrandomobjectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.找準(zhǔn)邏輯關(guān)系巧判意義：but暗示逗號(hào)前后為讓步關(guān)系，由but前面的句意“狗以其令人印象深刻的抓取習(xí)慣而聞名”，結(jié)合后文描述很多貓給主人帶回物品可以推斷出黑體短語(yǔ)表示貓“在這方面做得更好”。(2022·全國(guó)甲，D片段)“I’llmisstheseoldboats，”hesaidasweparted.“Howdoyoumean？”Iasked.“Oh，they’rereplacingthemwithcatamarans.Catamaransarefaster，butthey’renotsoelegant，andthey’renotfuntopilot...”找準(zhǔn)指代關(guān)系巧判意義：them指代上文的theseoldboats，由“replacing”以及后文的“funtopilot”可知，catamaran將被用來(lái)取代舊船，所以它也表示一種“船”。技法3深析語(yǔ)境探源熟詞生義詞課標(biāo)詞匯數(shù)量是有限的，但是高考對(duì)課標(biāo)詞匯的義項(xiàng)考查是沒(méi)有限制的，命題者會(huì)在試題中使用一些考生熟悉的單詞，但其含義是較為陌生的，需要考生結(jié)合語(yǔ)境仔細(xì)推敲來(lái)確定。典型示例清障分析(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ，C片段)BMFisanindoorgardensystem.Itcanbesetupforafamily...Theinnovativedesignrequireslittleefforttoachieveareliableweeklysupplyoffreshgreens.green熟義為“n.綠色；adj.綠色的”。在此也用作名詞，但結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知不再表示顏色。上文提到因?yàn)檫\(yùn)輸過(guò)程長(zhǎng)，新鮮食物到餐桌上就不新鮮了，從而推出此處greens應(yīng)是“綠色蔬菜”的意思。(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ，C片段)Audio(音頻)andvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext，andsouniversityteachersincreasinglyturntothesetechnologies—say，assigninganonlinetalkinsteadofanarticlebythesameperson.say熟義為“v.說(shuō)”。在此也用作動(dòng)詞，但結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知不再表示“說(shuō)”。上文提到音頻和視頻比文本更吸引人，因此大學(xué)教師越來(lái)越多地轉(zhuǎn)向這些技術(shù)。后面的內(nèi)容“布置一場(chǎng)在線(xiàn)演講，而不是一篇這個(gè)人的文章”正是老師們轉(zhuǎn)向音視頻科技的具體做法，從而推出此處say應(yīng)是“比方說(shuō)”的意思。(2023·全國(guó)乙，D片段)Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld，ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity，youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone，becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts，whilemostoftheworld，formostofthetime，hasnot.privilege熟義為“n.特權(quán)，特殊待遇”。在此用作動(dòng)詞，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知世界上很少的地區(qū)有文本記錄，所以此處表示“要講不偏袒某一部分人的歷史就不能只看文本記錄”，從而推出此處privilege是“v.給予特權(quán)，特別優(yōu)待”的意思。技法4善用構(gòu)詞法拆解長(zhǎng)難單詞閱讀中越來(lái)越多地出現(xiàn)由構(gòu)詞法派生、合成和轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)的詞，掌握構(gòu)詞法有助于我們準(zhǔn)確地猜測(cè)生詞的意思，高效閱讀。典型示例清障分析(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ，D片段)Thismakessensebecausethepeoplewhogetobservationalbiodiversitydataonmobiledevicesareoftencitizenscientistsrecordingtheirencounterswithspeciesinareasnearby.observe(觀(guān)測(cè))＋ation＋al→observationaladj.觀(guān)測(cè)的；根據(jù)觀(guān)察的(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ，D片段)Thesedataarealsobiasedtowardcertainspecieswithattractiveoreye-catchingfeatures.eye(眼睛)＋catch(吸引)＋ing→eye-catchingadj.引人注目的(2023·全國(guó)甲，D片段)Ourhopeistohaveaclean，attractant-freeplacewherebearscanpassthroughwithoutlearningbadhabits...attract(吸引)＋ant＋free(沒(méi)有……的)→attractant-freeadj.沒(méi)有引誘物的(2023·全國(guó)甲，D片段)TheirrecoveryhasbeensosuccessfulthattheU．S.FishandWildlifeServicehastwiceattemptedtode-listgrizzlies，whichwouldloosenlegalprotectionsandallowthemtobehunted.de-(表示反義的前綴)＋list(將……列入清單)→de-listv．把……從名單中劃去(2022·全國(guó)乙，B片段)Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads，whichentailed(牽涉)drillingthroughtheRockies，ofteninblindingsnowstorms.hair(毛發(fā))＋raise(使直立)＋ing→hair-raisingadj.令人恐懼的；令人毛骨悚然的溫馨提示本冊(cè)書(shū)的配套分冊(cè)《考前必背》對(duì)高考常考的熟詞生義詞、派生詞、合成詞有詳細(xì)歸納，請(qǐng)參考。技法1尋謂語(yǔ)，找主干一般情況下，一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)形式的動(dòng)詞對(duì)應(yīng)其動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者(主語(yǔ))，我們可以根據(jù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞來(lái)確定其主語(yǔ)。而且，如果一個(gè)句子中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的謂語(yǔ)形式的動(dòng)詞，則該句可能是并列句或復(fù)合句(并列謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的情況除外)。典例(2024·全國(guó)甲，B片段)That’swhymostpetcatsareabletotellimmediatelyiftheirownerswerearoundanyothercats，whichtheydon’tusuallylike.分析尋謂語(yǔ)，找主干本句謂語(yǔ)為is；本句主語(yǔ)為T(mén)hat；本句的主干為T(mén)hat’swhy...析成分why引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，從句中有含有if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句和which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。句意那就是大多數(shù)寵物貓能夠立即分辨出它們的主人是否接觸過(guò)其他貓的原因，而它們通常不喜歡這樣。技法2提主干，去枝葉一般情況下，一個(gè)句子中的主句所表達(dá)的信息為主要信息，從句、狀語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)等所表達(dá)的信息為次要信息。若把句子的主干提煉出來(lái)，就能完全把握句子的核心意義，也就不會(huì)思維混亂、主次不分。典例(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ，C片段)However，formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflectionarecalledfor，educatorsshouldn’tassumeallmediaarethesame，evenwhentheycontainidenticalwords.分析提主干本句的主干為educatorsshouldn’tassumeallmediaarethesame。去枝葉本句包含的從句非常多且復(fù)雜。首先f(wàn)or...為介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，其中where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；allmediaarethesame為省略that的賓語(yǔ)從句，后面when引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句。句意然而，要最大限度地改善需要注意力和思考的學(xué)習(xí)，教育工作者不應(yīng)假設(shè)所有媒體都是一樣的，即使它們包含相同的文字。技法3尋關(guān)聯(lián)，辨邏輯一些長(zhǎng)難句其實(shí)是由若干分句組成的并列句或復(fù)合句，它們之間需要一些關(guān)聯(lián)詞來(lái)連接。如果找準(zhǔn)這些關(guān)聯(lián)詞，我們就能夠弄清楚句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，分別弄清楚主句和從句的意義，那么長(zhǎng)句就容易理解了。典例(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ，D片段)GiventheastonishingpotentialofAItotransformourlives，weallneedtotakeactiontodealwithourAI-poweredfuture，andthisiswhereAIbyDesign：APlanforLivingwithArtificialIntelligencecomesin.分析尋關(guān)聯(lián)辨邏輯本句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞就是and，表明前后為并列句，前后分句又都含有復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)。前面首先有g(shù)iven分詞作狀語(yǔ)，其中含有不定式totransformourlives作定語(yǔ)；and后面的句子含有where引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)就是書(shū)名。句意考慮到人工智能改變我們生活的驚人潛力，我們都需要采取行動(dòng)來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)人工智能驅(qū)動(dòng)的未來(lái)，而這就是《人工智能設(shè)計(jì)：與人工智能共同生活的計(jì)劃》的由來(lái)。技法4看搭配，防分隔有時(shí)一個(gè)長(zhǎng)句是由一個(gè)或多個(gè)搭配構(gòu)成，而且這些搭配常常出現(xiàn)分隔現(xiàn)象。考生若受分隔現(xiàn)象的干擾而看不清句子的本來(lái)面目，對(duì)句意的理解則會(huì)出現(xiàn)偏差。典例(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ，D片段)Shewritesfromthepracticalangleofabusinesspersonratherthanasanacademic，makingforaguidewhichishighlyaccessibleandinformativeandwhich，bytheclose，willmakeyoufeelalmostassmartasAI.分析提主干本句的主干為Shewrites。看搭配防分隔本句主干為主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，介詞短語(yǔ)from...作狀語(yǔ)；makingfor...為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，分詞短語(yǔ)中含有兩個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的修飾guide的定語(yǔ)從句，但第二個(gè)被介詞短語(yǔ)bytheclose分隔開(kāi)了。句意她從一個(gè)商業(yè)人士(而非學(xué)者)的實(shí)際角度出發(fā)，撰寫(xiě)了一本非常通俗易懂、內(nèi)容豐富的指南，讀完后會(huì)讓你覺(jué)得自己幾乎和人工智能一樣聰明。正確選項(xiàng)“3特征”特征1同義轉(zhuǎn)述在閱讀理解題目中，命題人有時(shí)會(huì)將文中的一個(gè)或多個(gè)信息換一種方式表達(dá)出來(lái)，即同義轉(zhuǎn)述。同義轉(zhuǎn)述可能出現(xiàn)在題干中，也可能出現(xiàn)在選項(xiàng)中，和原文在意義上的呼應(yīng)方式也是多種多樣的，如通過(guò)同義詞、反義詞、近義詞或派生詞等。借助“同義轉(zhuǎn)述”的照應(yīng)或暗示，考生可以快速鎖定答案。典例(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ，C片段)Audio(音頻)andvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext，andsouniversityteachersincreasinglyturntothesetechnologies—say，assigninganonlinetalkinsteadofanarticlebythesameperson.Q：Whyareaudioandvideoincreasinglyusedbyuniversityteachers?A．Theycanholdstudents’attention.分析A項(xiàng)中的“holdstudents’attention”是文中“engaging”的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。特征2邏輯推斷閱讀理解語(yǔ)篇通常具有清晰的邏輯線(xiàn)索，解題時(shí)可通過(guò)分析句內(nèi)、句際、段內(nèi)、段落與語(yǔ)篇主題之間的邏輯關(guān)系快速鎖定答案。考生要特別關(guān)注連接標(biāo)志詞，研讀照應(yīng)與替代，探究省略和詞匯銜接，通過(guò)推理、判斷來(lái)梳理篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，解讀文本。典例(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ，D片段)...“Theseobservationsnowoutnumbertheprimarydatathatcomesfromphysicalspecimens(標(biāo)本)，andsinceweareincreasinglyusingobservationaldatatoinvestigatehowspeciesarerespondingtoglobalchange，Iwantedtoknow：Aretheyusable？”Usingaglobaldatasetof1.9billionrecordsofplants，insects，birds，andanimals，Daruandhisteamtestedhowwellthesedatarepresentactualglobalbiodiversitypatterns.Q：WhatdoesDaru’sstudyfocuson?C．Observationaldata.分析特征3整合概括高考閱讀理解不僅考查考生提取文本中表層信息(文本中直接陳述的事實(shí)與觀(guān)點(diǎn))的能力，同時(shí)也會(huì)考查考生的深層理解能力，要求考生理解散落在文本各處的信息點(diǎn)并進(jìn)行歸納整理，從而得出文章的深層含義。因此，一些題目的正確項(xiàng)就是對(duì)文中碎片信息的整合與概括。典例(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ，D片段)“Wewereparticularlyinterestedinexploringtheaspectsofsamplingthattendtobias(使有偏差)data，likethegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientisttotakeapictureofafloweringplantinsteadofthegrassrightnexttoit，”saidDaru.Theirstudyrevealedthatthelargenumberofobservation-onlyrecordsdidnotleadtobetterglobalcoverage.Moreover，thesedataarebiasedandfavorcertainregions，timeperiods，andspecies...Q：Whathasledtothebiasesaccordingtothestudy?C．Improperwayofsampling.分析根據(jù)選段第一段中的“...likethegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientisttotakeapictureofafloweringplantinsteadofthegrassrightnexttoit”可知，不同物種被拍照記錄的可能性不同；根據(jù)選段第二段中的“Moreover，thesedataarebiasedandfavorcertainregions，timeperiods，andspecies.”可知，收集生物數(shù)據(jù)的人對(duì)于采樣區(qū)域、時(shí)段以及物種的選擇有一定主觀(guān)性。由此可以歸納概括出：不當(dāng)?shù)牟蓸臃绞綍?huì)導(dǎo)致收集到的數(shù)據(jù)有偏差。干擾選項(xiàng)“4套路”套路1偷梁換柱這一套路考驗(yàn)考生的閱讀專(zhuān)注度和理解準(zhǔn)確度。在設(shè)置干擾項(xiàng)時(shí)，命題人常把一句話(huà)的部分內(nèi)容進(jìn)行同義或近義轉(zhuǎn)述，另一部分進(jìn)行概念偷換，干擾項(xiàng)內(nèi)容看似與原文差不多，實(shí)則含義相差甚遠(yuǎn)。考生若沒(méi)有仔細(xì)閱讀、分析，就會(huì)做出錯(cuò)誤的理解和判斷。典例(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ，D片段)Thoughtheyareusefulfordetectingshiftsinthenumberandvarietyofspeciesinanarea，anewStanfordstudyhasfoundthatthistypeofrecordisnotperfect.Q：Whatdoweknowabouttherecordsofspeciescollectednow?干擾項(xiàng)：C.Theyarelimitedinnumber.分析選項(xiàng)中innumber與文中inthenumber意義一致，但“detectingshifts”被偷換為“l(fā)imited”。套路2無(wú)中生有命題人常把干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置成與問(wèn)題無(wú)關(guān)的內(nèi)容，或是原文信息的某一個(gè)詞，或是根本沒(méi)有提到的內(nèi)容，或是生活的基本常識(shí)和普遍接受的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，或是名言警句、真理等，這些內(nèi)容可能本身是正確的，但與文章內(nèi)容不相符或與問(wèn)題無(wú)關(guān)。考生只關(guān)注其在實(shí)際生活中的正確性，往往卻忽略了其與文本和問(wèn)題實(shí)際上的關(guān)聯(lián)及作者的真實(shí)意圖。命題人借此來(lái)考查考生的應(yīng)用能力。典例(2024·全國(guó)甲，A片段)EachARTSFIRSTfestivalisauniqueannualcelebrationoftheHarvardcommunity’sartisticcreativity.WeinviteyoutojoinusforthecomingARTSFIRST.WelookforwardtowelcomingyouasweshowcasethecreativityoftheHarvardartscommunitythroughperformances，artexhibitionsandart-makingactivities.Q：WhatdoweknowaboutARTSFIRST?干擾項(xiàng)：A.Itisanexhibitionofoilpaintings.B．Itoffersartcoursesforallages.分析由于原文信息中出現(xiàn)了art和exhibitions，命題人就把exhibition這個(gè)詞與oilpaintings聯(lián)系在一起，把a(bǔ)rt與courses聯(lián)系在一起，但是原文是說(shuō)“藝術(shù)展覽和藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作活動(dòng)”，A、B兩項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。套路3曲解文義曲解文義通常有兩種形式：一是通過(guò)其中某個(gè)詞的形近詞、派生詞或多義詞的其他義項(xiàng)等轉(zhuǎn)述原文信息，如用troubleme替換introuble，用dangerous替換indanger，用trustworthy替換trust等；二是丟掉重要的修飾詞或限定詞等，導(dǎo)致語(yǔ)義改變。由于此類(lèi)干擾項(xiàng)和原文有較高相似度，考生很可能掉以輕心，從而誤選，這就是我們常說(shuō)的“差之毫厘，謬以千里”。典例(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ，C片段)Also，thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated，itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil，thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.Afterharvest，userssimplyreplacetheplantswithanewpre-seededpod(容器)togetthenextgrowthcyclestarted.Q：Whatinformationdoestheconvenientappoffer?干擾項(xiàng)：D.Availabilityofpre-seededpods.分析選項(xiàng)中的pre-seededpods與文中的信息是一致的，但是忽略了原文中的“userssimplyreplacetheplantswith”，是用戶(hù)直接用提前育種的容器替換，而不是該APP提供提前育種的容器的可用性信息，所以曲解了文義。套路4顛倒是非顛倒是非是基于原文信息得出錯(cuò)誤的、偏離或有悖于原文的結(jié)論，命題人據(jù)此設(shè)置干擾項(xiàng)，干擾考生思考。典例(2024·浙江1月，C片段)Duetothelackofscientificproofconcerningtheirimpacts，noonehassucceededinwinningalawsuitagainstcloud-seedingcompanies.Hence，privateclimateengineeringcanproceedinrelativelegalsafety.Q：Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?干擾項(xiàng)：B.PrivateclimateengineeringisillegalinCanada.C．Thedoubtaboutcloudseedinghasdisappeared.分析原文最后一句信息是“私人氣候工程可以在相對(duì)合法安全的情況下進(jìn)行”，而B(niǎo)項(xiàng)“在加拿大，私人氣候工程是非法的”就是顛倒是非，推理錯(cuò)誤；原文第一句信息是“沒(méi)有人成功地打贏了對(duì)人工降雨公司的訴訟”，而C項(xiàng)“對(duì)人工降雨的質(zhì)疑已經(jīng)消失”也是顛倒是非，推理錯(cuò)誤。熱考點(diǎn)模擬練——同源高考主題集訓(xùn)第一組(限時(shí)35分鐘)A(2024·安徽合肥二模，主題同源2024新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷A)Volunteeringhaschangedoverthesepastfewyearsandvirtualvolunteeringisheretostay!FindyourperfectremoteopportunitybybecomingaSenseVirtualBuddyingvolunteer.TheRoleofaVirtualBuddySensematchesvolunteerswithdisabledpeoplewhohavesimilarintereststoensureyou’llhavelotsoffuntogether.Oncematchedwithabuddy，youwillgettoknoweachotherremotelythroughvideocalls，phonecalls，texting，emailsorletters.You’llarrangeweeklysessionsandplanfunthingstodotogether.Youcouldbegaming，doingartsandcrafts，playingmusic，planting—therearesomanypossibilities!Wewillprovideyouwithweeklythemedactivitiestohelptosupportyouinplanningyourinteractionswithyourbuddy.WhatWeCanOfferYouBeforeyoustartyourvolunteeringrole，we’llmakesurethatyou’vehadthetrainingyouneedtofeelconfident.Thiswillbedeliveredonlineandthroughvideocalls.Whileyou’revolunteeringwithusasavirtualbuddy，you’llalsogetawrittenaccountofyourvolunteeringandreferences(ifrequired)，reimbursement(報(bào)銷(xiāo))ofpre-agreedexpenses(upto￡25)，andgreatopportunitiestodevelopnewskillsandgettoknownewpeoplewhilemakingarealdifferencetoaperson’slife.WhoWeAreLookingforWeneedvolunteerswhoaregoodatexpressingtheirideasandfeelingsandarepassionateaboutsupportingpeoplewithcomplexdisabilitiestocommunicateandexperiencetheworld.We’realsoalwayslookingforvolunteerswhohaveknowledgeorexperienceofBritishSignLanguage.Youdon’tneedtohavepreviousexperienceofvolunteeringornursingdisabledpeople.Ifyouhaveanyquestionsregardingtheroleorwouldlikesomemoreinformation，pleasecontactthevolunteeringteamatvolunteer@.1．Whatisavirtualbuddysupposedtodo?A．Evaluateweeklythemedactivities.B．Meetthedisabledinpersoneveryweek.C．Matchbuddiesbasedonsimilarinterests.D．Havevirtualinteractionswithamatchedbuddy.2．Whichofthefollowingwillbeofferedtothevolunteers?A．Freein-personjobtraining.B．Awrittenrecordofvolunteering.C．Reimbursementoftravelexpenses.D．Achancetomeetthefounders.3．Whichofthefollowingisthenecessaryqualificationtobeavirtualbuddy?A．Masteringaforeignlanguage.B．Goodknowledgeaboutnursing.C．Beingcommunicativeandhelpful.D．Previousvolunteeringexperience.B(2024·河南濮陽(yáng)二模，主題同源2024新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷B)Abbygrewuplovingallanimals，especiallyhercats，fishandtworescuedogs.Whenshedecidedtogetasmallertrainablepet，researchledhertorats.Fewpeoplehavethoughtoftrainingratstobetherapy(療愈)animals.Sinceratsliveonlytwoorthreeyearsandthetrainingtakesatleastsixmonths，“it’skindofaraceagainsttimetogetthemready，”Abbysays.Shegotaone-month-oldrat，Oliver，andstartedtotrainhimimmediately，exposinghimtotheworldandallitsdistractions.“I’dtakehimtoanyanimal-friendlyplace，”Abbysays.Sinceratshavepooreyesight，theywon’trunawayfromacomfortable，familiarspot.“Hestayedinhistinybasket，takingitallin.”Thenitwastimefortheirtherapyteamevaluation.Oliverhadtoreactcalmlytoloudnoises，otheranimals，strangersandgettingwrappedinatowel.AbbyneededtoshowsheknewhowtocareforOliverandhowtocorrectsomeonewhowasn’thandlinghimwell.Theypassed.Formorethanayear，Oliverprovidedtherapyforseniorsandstressed-outcollegestudents.Healsosatwithelementary-agechildrenwhofoundthatreadingtoaratwasthebestwaytopractice.Hissuccessor，Vincent，hasagiftforlisteningtokidsread.Abbyhaswitnessedstudentswithautism(自閉癥)improvetheirreadingskillsdramatically，thankstosessionswithVincent.ThoughAbbygetstheoccasionalrequesttokeepherpetsatadistance，forthemostpartthereactionispositive.“Peoplepoint，andtherearewhispers：‘Isthatarat？’Theneveryonecrowdsaroundandtheirfaceslightup.Evenseniorsthinkthey’recute，”saysAbby，whosethirdtherapyrat，F(xiàn)ranklin，passedhistestafewmonthsago.Rightnow，therearelessthan10registeredtherapyratswithPetPartnersintheUS，largelyduetotheirshortlifetime.Perhapsthatnumberwillgrow，thankstoAbby，wholovesseeinghowtheseunderestimatedcreaturesimproveothers’lives.“Mygoalhasalwaysbeenjusttomakepeoplehappy，”shesays.“IfIcandoitwitharatinmyhand，itwillbeevenbetter.”4．Whatdoweknowabouttherattraining?A．Itmustbedoneonbabyrats.B．It’sabouttrainingratstorace.C．It’satwo-orthree-yearsession.D．Itmustbedoneasquicklyaspossible.5．WhatdidOliverhavetodotopasstheevaluation?A．Dotricksinfrontofthecrowd.B．Getusedtolivinginatowel.C．Staycalmwhenwrappedinatowel.D．Communicatewithotheranimals.6．Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph5?A．Thetrainedratsareingreatneed.B．Somepeopledislikethetrainedrats.C．Thetrainedratsareafraidofthecrowd.D．Seniorswillstayawayfromthetrainedrats.7．WhichwordscanbestdescribeAbby?A．Innovativeandcaring.B．Braveandambitious.C．Patientandresponsible.D．Talentedandoptimistic.C(2024·江西上饒二模，主題同源2024新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷C)Digitalreadingappearstobedestroyinghabitsof“deepreading”．Amazingnumbersofpeoplewithyearsofschoolingareineffectilliterate(文盲的)．Admittedly，somepeoplehavebeencomplainingaboutnewmediasince1492，buttoday’scomplaintshaveanevidentialbasis.LjubljanaReadingManifesto，aninternationalinitiative，notes，“Thedigitalareamayleadtomorereadingthaneverinhistory，butitalsooffersmanyattractionstoreadinashallowandscattered(碎片化的)manner—orevennottoreadatall.Thisincreasinglyendangershigher-levelreading.”Digitalliteracyhaschangedreading.“Whenyoureadabookonpaper，youcanbeentirelyinsidetheexperience，absorbinghundredsofpagestocapturetheworld’scomplexity.Online，wearejustskimming，scanning，scrolling，”saysMaryanneWolfofUCLA.Themediumisthemessage：doingdeepreadingonyourphoneisashardasplayingtenniswithyourphone.Recently，abright11-year-oldboytoldmeIwaswastingtimeonbooks：heabsorbedmoreinformationfasteronline.Hehadapoint.Butdigitalreadersalsoabsorbmoremisinformation.Andtheyseldomabsorbnuanced(細(xì)致入微的)ideas.InthewhitepaperthatunderliestheLjubljanaReadingManifesto，expertscataloguethepassivepartsofdigitalreading：“Recentstudiesofvariouskindsindicateadeclineof...criticalandconsciousreading，slowreading，non-strategicreadingandlong-formreading.”Ina2021internationalsurvey,49percentofstudentsagreedthat“IreadonlyifIhaveto”，13percentagepointshigherthanin2000.AsprofessorsfromNorthwesternUniversityforesawin2005，wearereturningtothedayswhenonlyanelite(精英的)“readingclass”consumeslongtexts—despitemorepeoplespendinglongerineducationandbooksalesremainingrobust.That’shorrible，because“higher-levelreading”hasbeenessentialtocivilization.ItenabledtheEnlightenmentandaninternationalriseinsympathyforpeoplewhoaren’tlikeus.Peoplewholosehigher-levelreadingskillsalsolosethinkingskills.8．Whatistheadvantageofthedigitalreading?A．Itmakesmorepeoplestarttoreadwidely.B．Itmakesmorepeoplebegintothinkdeeper.C．IthelpstheyoungtomakeuseoftheInternet.D．Ithelpspeopletakeadvantageoftheirsparetime.9．WhatisMaryanneWolf’sattitudetowardsdigitalreading?A．Supportive. B．Opposed.C．Indifferent. D．Unconcerned.10．Whatcanbeinferredabouttheteensnowaccordingtoparagraph3?A．Theyshouldchangethecriticalandconsciousreading.B．Nearlyhalfofthemneverreadatall.C．Theydon’tbelievewhattheexpertsindicate.D．Thetrendoftheirreadingbooksisincreasinglydeclining.11．Whichstatementisfitfortheunderlinedwordsinparagraph4?A．Moreandmorebooksarepurchased.B．It’sunnecessaryforpeopletobuybooks.C．Moreandmorepeopleliketovisitthebookstores.D．Thesalesofbookskeepstillforareallylongtime.D(2024·湖南懷化三模，主題同源2024新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷D)EducationaloptimistspredictthatAIwillsoonprovideamazingefficienciesandprogressinteachingandlearning.Butareefficiencyandmachinelogicwhatourstudentsneedmost?It’scertainlytruethatAIisawonderfulnewtooldramaticallytransforminghumanlife.AIisimprovinginspeedandscopetorecognizepatternsinextremelycomplexdatasetsofalltypes，allowingittomakepredictionsaboutwhatmightcomenext，whetheritmightbeapurchasefromacustomer，awordinasentence，asoundinspokenlanguage，orcountlessotherprocesses.AIcananswerspecificcomplexquestionsorperformcomplexcalculationsatarateimpossibleforthehumanmindtocomprehend，letalonecompetewith.Itcanalsocreateimagesandspeecheswhichnotonlyimitaterealitybutsurpassittomeetprogrammedstandardsofexcellence.However，althoughthesemaybehelpfultoadultsseekingtoimproveproductivity，itisnecessarytofollowG．K.Chesterton’sadvicethatchildrenshouldnotbesubjectedtoeducationalprojectsandideasyoungerthantheyare.AllowingstudentstoavoidtraditionallearningmethodswithAIwillhaveuncertainandpotentiallyharmfulresults.Thesamecouldbetrueofeducators’dependenceonAIforstudentassessmentandlessonplanning.Ineducationatleast，itisquitepossiblethatAIwillworkagainstnaturalhumandevelopmentandprovidenotashortcuttohumanformationbutashortcircuit.DespiteAI’sinfluence，traditionallearningandwritingassignmentsarecrucialforpromotinglearningandcognitivedevelopment.Homework，similartomusicpractice，teachesdisciplineandskillsessentialforpersonalgrowthandfuturesuccess.Deceptive(欺騙性的)practicesharmgenuinelearning，spoilingstudents’competitivenessinanAI-dominatedjobmarket.RelianceonAI-generatedcontentweakenscriticalthinkingandcreativity，damagingstudents’intellectualgrowth.Moreover，itdevaluestheroleofteachersinguidingstudents’development.Incontrast，realengagementwithhomeworkcultivatesinvaluablehumanqualitiesessentialinanAI-drivenworld，ensuringstudents’competitiveadvantageandoveralldevelopment.12．WhichbestdescribesAIaccordingtoparagraph2?A．Unavoidable. B．Dangerous.C．Time-consuming. D．Life-changing.13．What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingparagraph3?A．ToargueagainsttheinvolvementofAIineducation.B．ToclarifytheroleofAIinpromotingefficiency.C．ToexplorethepossibilityofapplyingAItostudy.D．Topresenteducators’relianceonAIinclass.14．Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttraditionallearningmethods?A．Theyareoutofdatenow.B．Theyhaveafairreasontostay.C．Theymakestudentslesscompetitive.D．Theyweakenstudents’overalldevelopment.15．Whatwouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TheRiseofAIB．TheRoleofTraditionalLearningC．DoStudentsReallyNeedAI?D．DoesAIHelpwithProductivity?一、生僻詞&合成詞及派生詞1．pre-agreedadj.預(yù)先約定的2．regardingprep.關(guān)于，至于3．distractionn．分散注意力的事4．evaluationn．評(píng)價(jià)，評(píng)估5．stressed-outadj.不堪重負(fù)的；承受巨大壓力的6．elementary-ageadj.小學(xué)階段的7．a(chǎn)dmittedlyadv.誠(chéng)然，不可否認(rèn)地8．evidentialadj.提供證據(jù)的；基于證據(jù)的9．misinformationn．錯(cuò)誤的消息；虛假信息10．long-formadj.長(zhǎng)篇的，長(zhǎng)格式的11．foreseev．預(yù)見(jiàn)，預(yù)知12．surpassv．超過(guò)，勝過(guò)13．productivityn．生產(chǎn)率，生產(chǎn)力14．shortcutn．近路；捷徑15．devaluevt.使貶值；降低……的價(jià)值二、熟詞生義詞game熟義：n.游戲，比賽生義(文義)：v.玩視頻(或電視、電腦)游戲三、重要短語(yǔ)1．makeadifferenceto對(duì)……有影響；對(duì)……有重要意義2．bepassionateabout對(duì)……充滿(mǎn)激情3．ineffect實(shí)際上4．letalone更不用說(shuō)第二組(限時(shí)35分鐘)A(2024·安徽馬鞍山三模，主題同源2024新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷A)Thisyear’shikingeventshavekickedoffandweareintroducingsomewalkingfestivalsinthefollowing.CrickhowellWalkingFestival(9－17March)Oneoftheearliestoftheyear’sfestivals，thewalkingfestivaloffers81differentwalksthisyear，rangingfrom2to17miles.Allaregradedintermsofeffortanddifficulty，fromaneasywalkalongtheMonmouthshire&BreconCanal，toa“newfor2024”hikethroughthewesternridge.IsleofWightWalkingFestival(11－19Mayand5－13October)TheIsleofWightWalkingFestivallaces(系)upitsbootsinspringandautumn，onthe500milesoffootpathsontheisland.Therearewalksfocusingoneveryaspectoftheisland’shistory.Walksaregradedaccordingtopaceanddifficulty.MorayWalkingandOutdoorFestival(14－24June)Agreatchoiceforthoselookingforotheractivitiestoenjoybesideswalking，this10-daycelebrationincludeseverythingfromboatingtobird-watching.Thewalksrangefromgentleseasidewanderstoendurance(耐力)hikesthroughtheCairngorms，withfivedifferentgradesofdifficulty.SaltmarshCoastWalkingFestival(27September－6October)Choosefromself-guidedorexpert-ledwalksalonga75-milestretchoftheSaltmarshcoast，pickinguptheregion’smaritime(海運(yùn)的)history，orlearningabouttherichvarietyofbirdspecies.Thefestivalfeaturesguidedwalkstakinginvineyards(葡萄園)，naturereservesandvastskiesalongtheshoreline.1．Whichwalkingfestivalisheldintwoseasonsthisyear?A．CrickhowellWalkingFestival.B．IsleofWightWalkingFestival.C．MorayWalkingandOutdoorFestival.D．SaltmarshCoastWalkingFestival.2．WhatcanfestivalgoersdoduringMorayWalkingandOutdoorFestival?A．Makesamplesofrarespecies.B．Volunteerinnaturereserves.C．Observebirdsandgoboating.D．Attendaclassonmarinescience.3．WhatisspecialaboutSaltmarshCoastWalkingFestival?A．Ithasthelongestpath.B．Itprovidesgradedwalks.C．Itoffersguidechoices.D．Itservesashistorytour.B(2024·福建泉州三模，主題同源2023新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷B)LeeHuiLingwasexposedtoenvironmentalandsocialissuesatayoungage.Bornintoafamilyofartists，shewasimpressedbytheenvironmentalsubjectsofhermother’sartworksandthusdevelopedapassionfortheenvironment.“Asachild，Iwouldworryabouttheozonehole(臭氧層空洞)expanding，rubbishpollution，andanimalsgoingextinct.Veryserioustopicsforalittlegirl！”AftergraduatingfromtheSarahLawrenceCollegeinNewYorkandmovingbacktoMalaysia，HuiLing’sconcernsfortheenvironmentgrew.ShesetupaGreenpeaceMalaysiaonlinecommunityonvarioussocialmediaplatforms.ThiswasinstrumentalintheeventualsettingupoftheMalaysianofficein2017.HuiLinghelpedtoorganiseandleadatmeet-ups，aswellasrunworkshopsandtraining.Asanartistandeducator，HuiLingorganisedparticipatoryartprojectsinlinewithGreenpeaceMalaysiacampaignsondeforestation，plasticpollutionandconsumerism.OneofthemwastheWingsofParadiseproject，wheresheledateamof30youth