法律英語術語庫及模擬題姓名_________________________地址_______________________________學號______________________-------------------------------密-------------------------封----------------------------線--------------------------1.請首先在試卷的標封處填寫您的姓名，身份證號和地址名稱。2.請仔細閱讀各種題目，在規定的位置填寫您的答案。一、單選題1.Theterm"statuteoflimitations"refersto:

a)Arulethatpreventsanindividualfrombeingsuedforacrimeafteracertainperiod.

b)Awrittenlawthatisenforcedthegovernment.

c)Aprinciplethatrequiresadefendanttopayafineforaminoroffense.

d)Alegaldocumentthatspecifiestherightsandobligationsofpartiesinacontract.

2.Whichofthefollowingisaformofalternativedisputeresolution?

a)Mediation

b)Arbitration

c)Litigation

d)Negotiation

3.Inthecontextofcriminallaw,whatisthetermforapersonwhomitsanoffense?

a)Accused

b)Defendant

c)Offender

d)Witness

4.Theterm"fiduciaryduty"refersto:

a)Adutyofcareowedanattorneytotheirclient.

b)Adutyofloyaltyowedacorporateofficertothepany.

c)Adutyofconfidentialityowedadoctortotheirpatient.

d)Alloftheabove.

5.Whichofthefollowingisacivillawterm?

a)Sentence

b)Precedent

c)Jurisdiction

d)Injunction

答案及解題思路：

1.答案：a

解題思路：Statuteoflimitations直譯為“時效法”，指的是在特定時期后禁止起訴個人犯罪的規則。

2.答案：a

解題思路：Alternativedisputeresolution（ADR）即替代性爭議解決，其中調解（Mediation）是一種形式。

3.答案：c

解題思路：在刑法中，mitanoffense指的是犯罪行為，因此犯下罪行的人稱為Offender。

4.答案：d

解題思路：Fiduciaryduty指的是受托人應盡的義務，包括律師對其客戶的注意義務、公司高級管理人員對公司忠誠義務以及醫生對其患者保密義務。

5.答案：d

解題思路：Injunction是民事法術語，指的是法院發布的禁止或命令某人進行特定行為的命令。Sentence是刑事法術語，指的是刑罰；Precedent和Jurisdiction在刑法和民法中都可能出現。二、多選題1.Thefollowingaretypesoftorts:

a)Negligence

b)Trespass

c)Conversion

d)Defamation

e)Assault

2.Whichofthefollowingareelementsofacontract?

a)Offer

b)Acceptance

c)Consideration

d)Intention

e)Capacity

3.Thefollowingaretypesoflegalsystems:

a)Commonlaw

b)Civillaw

c)Sharialaw

d)Canonlaw

e)Secularlaw

4.Whichofthefollowingareexamplesofintellectualpropertyrights?

a)Trademarks

b)Copyrights

c)Patents

d)Tradesecrets

e)Domainnames

5.Thefollowingaretypesoflegalprofessionals:

a)Lawyers

b)Judges

c)Paralegals

d)Attorneys

e)Barristers

答案及解題思路：

1.答案：a)Negligence,b)Trespass,c)Conversion,d)Defamation,e)Assault

解題思路：Torts（侵權行為）是指個人或實體對他人造成損害而應承擔的責任。在法律英語中，上述選項均為常見的侵權行為類型。

2.答案：a)Offer,b)Acceptance,c)Consideration,d)Intention,e)Capacity

解題思路：合同的有效性取決于其構成要素。Offer（要約）、Acceptance（接受）、Consideration（對價）、Intention（意圖）和Capacity（能力）是構成合同的基本要素。

3.答案：a)Commonlaw,b)Civillaw,c)Sharialaw,d)Canonlaw,e)Secularlaw

解題思路：Legalsystems（法律體系）是規范法律行為的框架。Commonlaw（普通法）、Civillaw（民法法系）、Sharialaw（伊斯蘭法）、Canonlaw（教會法）和Secularlaw（世俗法）是不同類型的法律體系。

4.答案：a)Trademarks,b)Copyrights,c)Patents,d)Tradesecrets,e)Domainnames

解題思路：Intellectualpropertyrights（知識產權）是指保護創新和創意的法律權利。上述選項均為知識產權的例子，包括商標、版權、專利、商業秘密和域名。

5.答案：a)Lawyers,b)Judges,c)Paralegals,d)Attorneys,e)Barristers

解題思路：Legalprofessionals（法律專業人士）包括提供法律服務的不同角色。Lawyers（律師）、Judges（法官）、Paralegals（法律助理）、Attorneys（律師）和Barristers（大律師）都是法律專業人員的典型例子。三、判斷題1.Theterm"monlaw"referstothelawsthatarebasedoncourtdecisionsratherthanwrittenlegislation.

[]正確

[]錯誤

2.Awritofhabeascorpusisalegaldocumentthatallowsacourttodeterminethelegalityofaperson'sdetention.

[]正確

[]錯誤

3.Theterm"statuteoflimitations"appliestobothcivilandcriminalcases.

[]正確

[]錯誤

4.Aninjunctionisacourtorderthatrequiresapartytorefrainfromengagingincertainactions.

[]正確

[]錯誤

5.Theterm"fiduciaryduty"isonlyapplicabletobusinesstransactions.

[]正確

[]錯誤

答案及解題思路：

1.答案：正確

解題思路：Commonlaw（普通法）確實是指基于法院判決而非成文立法的法律體系。它起源于英國，現在在許多國家的法律體系中仍然存在。

2.答案：正確

解題思路：Writofhabeascorpus（人身保護令）是一種法律文件，它允許法院決定某人被拘留的合法性，保證囚犯沒有非法被拘留。

3.答案：正確

解題思路：Statuteoflimitations（訴訟時效法）是法律規定的在一定期限內對民事和刑事案件提起訴訟的法定期限。

4.答案：正確

解題思路：Injunction（禁令）是法院發出的命令，要求一方停止進行某些特定的行為，通常用于防止某項可能發生的不當行為。

5.答案：錯誤

解題思路：Fiduciaryduty（受托人義務）并不僅限于商業交易。它是指一個受托人（如律師、董事、信托人等）對其客戶、股東或受益人應盡的忠誠和注意義務，這種義務存在于許多類型的法律關系中，包括但不限于商業、家庭和慈善等。四、簡答題1.Definetheterm"negligence"andprovideanexample.

Definition:Negligencereferstothefailuretoexercisereasonablecarethatresultsinharmtoanotherpersonorproperty.Itisalegaltermthatdescribesabreachofdutyofcare.

Example:Adriverwhofailstostopataredlightandcausesanaccidentwithanothervehiclehasactednegligently.

2.Explainthedifferencebetweenmonlawandcivillaw.

CommonLaw:Commonlawisalegalsystembasedonprecedent,derivedfromjudicialdecisionsinpastcases.ItisprimarilyusedinEnglandanditsformercolonies,includingtheUnitedStates.

CivilLaw:Civillawisalegalsystembasedoncodifiedlaws,primarilyusedinEuropeandLatinAmerica.Itischaracterizeddetailedlegalsthatgovernvariousaspectsofsociety.

3.Whatisthepurposeofacontract?

Thepurposeofacontractistoestablishalegallybindingagreementbetweentwoormoreparties.Itoutlinestherightsandobligationsofthepartiesinvolved,providingaframeworkfortheexchangeofgoods,services,ormoney.

4.Describetheroleofalawyerinthelegalsystem.

Lawyersplayacrucialroleinthelegalsystemprovidinglegaladvice,representingclientsincourt,draftinglegaldocuments,andnegotiatingsettlements.Theyadvocatefortheirclients'interests,ensuringtheirrightsareprotectedandthatthelegalprocessisfollowedcorrectly.

5.Whatisthedifferencebetweenatortandacrime?

Tort:Atortisacivilwrongthatcausesharmtoanotherpersonortheirproperty.Itisalegalactionbroughttheinjuredpartyagainstthewrongdoertoseekpensation.Examplesincludenegligence,defamation,andtrespass.

Crime:Acrimeisanillegalactthatispunishablelaw.Itismittedagainstsocietyasawholeandisusuallymoreseriousthanatort.Examplesincludemurder,theft,andfraud.Criminaloffensesareprosecutedthestate,andifconvicted,thedefendantmayfaceimprisonmentorfines.

答案及解題思路：

1.答案：Negligencereferstothefailuretoexercisereasonablecarethatresultsinharmtoanotherpersonorproperty.Example:Adriverwhofailstostopataredlightandcausesanaccidentwithanothervehiclehasactednegligently.

解題思路：首先解釋negligence的定義，然后舉例說明。

2.答案：Commonlawisalegalsystembasedonprecedent,whilecivillawisbasedoncodifiedlaws.

解題思路：分別解釋monlaw和civillaw的定義和特點。

3.答案：Thepurposeofacontractistoestablishalegallybindingagreementbetweenpartiesandoutlinetheirrightsandobligations.

解題思路：說明合同的目的，包括確立法律約束力和規定權利義務。

4.答案：Lawyersprovidelegaladvice,representclientsincourt,draftlegaldocuments,andnegotiatesettlements.

解題思路：列舉律師在法律體系中的角色和職責。

5.答案：Atortisacivilwrongcausingharm,whileacrimeisanillegalactmittedagainstsociety.

解題思路：區分tort和crime的定義和區別。五、案例分析題1.Acaraccidentoccursbetweentwodrivers,DriverAandDriverB.DriverAclaimsthatDriverBwasnegligent.Analyzethelegalelementsrequiredtoprovenegligenceinthiscase.

Answer:

Toprovenegligence,DriverAmustdemonstratethefollowinglegalelements:

1.DutyofCare:DriverBhadalegaldutytooperatetheirvehiclewithreasonablecaretoavoidharmtoothers.

2.BreachofDuty:DriverBbreachedthisdutyfailingtoactasareasonablycarefuldriverwould.

3.Causation:Thebreachofdutydirectlycausedtheaccident.

4.Damages:DriverAsuffereddamagesasaresultoftheaccident.

Solution:

Theanalysisinvolvesexaminingthefactsofthecasetoestablisheachoftheseelements.DriverAmustprovideevidencethatDriverBfailedtodrivecarefully,suchasspeeding,distracteddriving,orfailuretoyield.Additionally,theaccidentmusthaveoccurredasadirectresultofthisbreach,anditmusthavecausedspecificdamagestoDriverA.

2.Apanyisaccusedofviolatingatrademarkownedanotherpany.Analyzethelegalargumentsthatcanbeusedtodeterminewhethertheinfringementoccurred.

Answer:

Todeterminetrademarkinfringement,thefollowinglegalargumentscanbeconsidered:

1.LikelihoodofConfusion:Consumersarelikelytobeconfusedastothesourceofthegoodsorservices.

2.DirectLikelihoodof混淆:Thereisadirectlikelihoodofconfusionbetweenthetrademarkedgoodsorservices.

3.Dilution:Thetrademarkisweakenedorblurredinthemarketplace.

4.FalseAssociation:Thetrademarkedpany'sreputationisassociatedwiththeinfringingproduct.

Solution:

Theanalysisrequiresevaluatingthesimilaritybetweentheaccusedtrademarkandtheprotectedtrademark.Evidenceofactualconfusionamongconsumers,thesimilarityofgoodsorservices,andtherespectivestrengthsofthetrademarksarecrucialindetermininginfringement.

3.Apatientsuesadoctorformedicalmalpractice.Identifytheelementsthatmustbeproventoestablishmedicalmalpractice.

Answer:

Toestablishmedicalmalpractice,thefollowingelementsmustbeproven:

1.DutyofCare:Thedoctorowedadutyofcaretothepatient.

2.BreachofDuty:Thedoctorbreachedthisdutythroughnegligentconduct.

3.Causation:Thebreachofdutydirectlycausedthepatient’sinjury.

4.Damages:Thepatientsufferedharmasaresultofthedoctor’snegligence.

Solution:

Thisinvolvesreviewingthedoctor’sactionstodetermineiftheydeviatedfromthestandardofcareexpectedinthemedicalmunity.Additionally,itisessentialtoestablishaclearlinkbetweenthebreachofdutyandthepatient’sinjury,alongwiththeextentofthedamagessuffered.

4.Atenantisevictedfromtheirapartmentwithoutpropernotice.Analyzethelegalissuesinvolvedinthiscaseandthepossibleremediesavailabletothetenant.

Answer:

Thelegalissuesinthiscaseinclude:

1.ProperNotice:Thelandlordmustplywithlocallawsregardingtherequirednoticeperiodforeviction.

2.ValidCause:Thelandlordmusthaveavalidlegalreasonforeviction,suchasnonpaymentofrentorleaseviolations.

3.FairProcess:Thetenantisendtodueprocess,includinganopportunitytodisputetheeviction.

Possibleremediesforthetenantinclude:

1.StayofEviction:Thetenantmayrequestacourttostaytheevictionuntilthelegalissuesareresolved.

2.Damages:Thetenantmayseekdamagesforwrongfuleviction.

3.LegalFees:Thetenantmayrecoverlegalfeesiftheywinthecase.

Solution:

Theanalysisrequiresverifyingthelandlord’spliancewithevictionlaws.Iftheevictionnoticewasimproperorthecauseinvalid,thetenanthasgroundsforchallengingtheeviction.Thetenantshouldseeklegaladvicetoexploretheirrightsandremedies.

5.Acontractbetweentwopartiesisbreached.Discussthepotentialremediesforthenonbreachingparty.

Answer:

Potentialremediesforthenonbreachingpartyinclude:

1.Damages:Monetarypensationforthelossesincurredduetothebreach.

2.SpecificPerformance:Acourtorderrequiringthebreachingpartytoperformtheirobligationsunderthecontract.

3.CancellationandRestitution:Thenonbreachingpartycancancelthecontractandseekrestitutiontorecoveranybenefitstheyprovided.

4.PunitiveDamages:Insomecases,thecourtmayawardpunitivedamagesifthebreachwasintentionalorreckless.

Solution:

Theanalysisrequiresassessingthenatureandextentofthebreach.Theremedieswilldependonthecontracttermsandtheharmsuffered.Thenonbreachingpartyshouldreviewthecontractandseeklegaladvicetodeterminethemostappropriateremedy.六、填空題1.Theterm"_____________"referstotheprocessofdeterminingwhetheralegalissuehasbeenpreviouslydecided.

2.Theterm"_____________"referstoawrittenagreementbetweentwoparties.

3.Theterm"_____________"referstoacourtorderthatrequiresapartytoperformaspecificaction.

4.Theterm"_____________"referstoadutyofcareowedonepersontoanother.

5.Theterm"_____________"referstoalegaldocumentthatspecifiestherightsandobligationsofpartiesinacontract.

1.Theterm"_____________"referstotheprocessofdeterminingwhetheralegalissuehasbeenpreviouslydecided.

Answer:StareDecisis

解題思路:StareDecisisisalegalprinciplethatholdsthatcourtsshouldfollowprecedentssetpreviouscourtdecisionstoensureconsistencyandpredictabilityinthelaw.

2.Theterm"_____________"referstoawrittenagreementbetweentwoparties.

Answer:Contract

解題思路:Acontractisalegallybindingagreementbetweentwoormorepartiesthatcreatesmutualobligationsenforceablelaw.

3.Theterm"_____________"referstoacourtorderthatrequiresapartytoperformaspecificaction.

Answer:Injunction

解題思路:Aninjunctionisacourtorderthatmandsapersonorentitytodo,orrefrainfromdoing,aparticularact.Itisoftenusedincaseswhereimmediateactionisrequiredtopreventaviolationofrightsorthemissionoffurtherharm.

4.Theterm"_____________"referstoadutyofcareowedonepersontoanother.

Answer:DutyofCare

解題思路:Adutyofcareisalegalobligationthatrequiresanindividualtoactinamannerthatdoesnotcreateanunreasonableriskofharmtoothers.Thisprincipleisfundamentalintortlawandisoftenassociatedwithnegligenceclaims.

5.Theterm"_____________"referstoalegaldocumentthatspecifiestherightsandobligationsofpartiesinacontract.

Answer:Agreement

解題思路:Whiletheterm"agreement"itselfisbroad,inthecontextofalegaldocumentthatspecifiestherightsandobligations,itismonlyreferredtoasacontractorawrittenagreement,whichisadetailedandenforceablearrangementbetweentheparties.七、論述題1.Discusstheimportanceoflegalterminologyinthelegalfield.

Legalterminologyplaysapivotalroleinthelegalfieldduetoitsspecificityandprecision.Itisessentialforthefollowingreasons:

ClarityinCommunication:Legalterminologyensuresclearandunambiguousmunicationamonglegalprofessionals,whichiscrucialforunderstandinglegaldocuments,statutes,andjudicialdecisions.

ConsistencyandStandardization:Theuseoflegalterminologyhelpsmaintainconsistencyandstandardizationacrosslegaldocuments,fosteringauniformlegaldiscourse.

Specialization:Legaltermsoftenreflectspecializedconceptsanddoctrinesthatareuniquetothelegalsystem,aidingprofessionalsintheirexpertise.

AvoidanceofAmbiguity:Legalterminologyreducestheriskofmisunderstandingsandmisinterpretationsthatcouldleadtoincorrectlegalconclusions.

解題思路：分析法律術語在法律領域中的具體作用，如提高溝通效率、標準化法律文本、專業化知識交流以及減少歧義等。

2.Explaintheroleofprecedentinthemonlawsystem.

Precedentisacornerstoneofthemonlawsystem,whichreliesheavilyontheprincipleofstaredecisis(tostandthingsdecided).Itsroleincludes:

LegalStability:Precedentsprovidelegalstabilityensuringthatsimilarcasesaredecidedconsistently.

Predictability:Theyenhancepredictabilityforbothlitigantsandlegalprofessionals,astheycananticipatethelikelyoutesbasedonpastdecisions.

HoldingPower:Precedentsholdlegalprofessionalsaccountable,ensuringthattheyfollowestablishedlegalprinciples.

Continuity:Theymaintaincontinuityinlegaldoctrineandpreventthearbitrarycreationofnewlaws.

解題思路：闡述先例在普通法系中的重要性，包括法律穩定性、可預測性、責任約束和連續性等方面。

3.Analyzethepotentialbenefitsanddrawbacksofalternativedisputeresolution.

AlternativeDisputeResolution(ADR)enpassesvariousmethodstoresolvedisputesoutsidethetraditionalcourtsystem.Itsbenefitsanddrawbacksare:

Benefits:

CostEffectiveness:ADRcanbelessexpensivethanlitigation.

Flexibility:Partiescantailortheresolutionprocesstotheirspecificneeds.

Speed:ADR