話題5飲食文化與健康飲食Ⅰ.閱讀理解(2024·衡水中學(xué)第四次綜合素養(yǎng)測(cè)評(píng))Weald&DownlandLivingMuseumFunfactOver50historicbuildingsfromacrosstheWealdandDownlandareahavebeendismantled(拆除)andthenreconstructedacrossalovely40－acresiteintheSouthDownsnationalpark.Thecollectionofbuildingsrepresentsalmostathousandyearsofrurallifeinsouth－eastEngland：furnishedjustastheywouldhavebeeninthepast—completewiththehomes，farmsandpublicbuildings.There’sasenseofexploringarealvillageasyouwanderbetweenthemalonggreenpaths，stoppingtoclimbthestairsofa17th－centurycraftsman’s(工匠)cottagetolieonthestrawbedorshelteringfromashowerinasmoky，14th－centuryhall.GettingthereTheStagecoach60busservicefromChichestertoMidhurststopsjustfiveminutesawayatGroomsYard，Singleton.ThenearestrailwaystationsareChichester(2miles)andHaslemere(7miles).ThemuseumisonTownLaneinSingleton，reachedviatheA286fromChichestertoMidhurst.Parkingisfreeandtherearedisabledparkingspacesoppositethemuseumshop.Valueformoney?Yes.It’snotcheapbutit’saspecialexperiencethateasilyfillsaday.Plus，it’savaluablecauseworthsupporting.Adults￡14，children5－17andstudents￡6.50，under－4sfree，family￡38(twoadultsandtwochildren)or￡25(oneadultandthreechildren).OpeninghoursDaily10am－5pm(lastentry4pm).1.WhatcanvisitorsdoinWeald&DownlandLivingMuseum?A.Takeashowerinthehall.B.Stayovernightatacottage.C.Learnconstructiontechniques.D.Explorerurallifecenturiesago.2.Howmuchwouldacouplewiththeir5－year－oldtwinsonspayforadmission?A.￡25. B.￡34.5.C.￡38. D.￡41.3.WhatdoweknowaboutWeald&DownlandLivingMuseum?A.Itchargesparkingfees.B.Ithasvariedopeninghours.C.Itisinconvenientlylocatedforbusriders.D.Itoffersthedisabledthoughtfulservice.ResearchersatBen－GurionUniversityoftheNegevsaythatthepopulardietingstrategyofservingfoodonsmallerplatesdoesnotnecessarilytrickusintoeatingless.“Platesizedoesn’tmatterasmuchaswethinkitdoes，”saysDr.TzviGanel，headofthestudyinamediarelease.“Evenifyou’rehungryandhaven’teaten，oraretryingtocutbackonportions(份)，aservinglookssimilarwhetheritfillsasmallerplateorissurroundedbyemptyspaceonalargerone.”Somedietersmaytryeatingoffsmallerplates，hopingthattheywillfeelfullbecausetheservingsizeappearslargeronthesmallerplate.ThisstrategyisbasedontheclassicDelbouefillusion(錯(cuò)覺(jué))，whichfoundthatpeopleseeingablackcircleinsidealargercircleperceivedthecircletobesmallerthanwhenthesamesizedblackcirclewasplacedinsideasmallercircle.Researchersdeterminedthathungerseemstohelpwithvisualperceptionoffoodportions.Intheexperiment，participantswhohadeatenrecentlyhadadifficulttimeestimatingpizzaportionsthatwereplacedonlargerversussmallertrays.Butparticipantswhohadnoteatenforatleastthreehourswerebetterabletoestimateportionsizescorrectly.Theauthorsremindthattheirresultsonlyappliedtofoodsizes.Bothgroupsofparticipantsperformedaboutthesamewhenaskedtocomparesizesofblackcirclesandhubcaps(輪轂)placedinsidedifferentsizedcircles.Studyauthorssaytheresultssuggestthathungerstrengthensourabilitytoanalyzeandprocesswhatweareseeing.“Overthelastdecade，restaurantsandotherfoodbusinesseshavebeenusingprogressivelysmallerdishestoadapttotheperceptualbias(偏差)thatitwillreducefoodconsumption，”saysGanel.“Thisstudydebunksthatview.Whenpeoplearehungry，especiallywhendieting，theyarelesslikelytobefooledbytheplatesize，morelikelytorealizetheyareeatinglessandmorereadytoovereatinglater.”Sodon’tkidyourself.PutawaytheBarbieplatesandgiveitthreehours.Thengrabthatgiantplateanddigin.Youreyeswillchoosetherightsize.4.Whydosomedietersswitchtosmallerdishes?A.Toseekanelegantlifestyle.B.Tomeasuretheservingsize.C.Tohavetheimpressionofbeingfull.D.ToseewhetherDelbouefillusionistrue.5.Whathelpstojudgefoodsizesaccurately?A.Theblackcolor.B.Thesizeofcircles.C.Thestrongneedforfood.D.Thedelicioustasteoffood.6.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“debunks”inParagraph6?A.Disapproves. B.Confirms.C.Reflects. D.Discovers.7.Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?A.Dietingrequiressmallerplates.B.Yourdinnerplateaffectsyourweight.C.Eatinglessisapopulardietingpractice.D.Smallerplateswon’tleadtolesseating.Anincreasinglypopularwayofeatingcalledreducetarianismmaysoundlikeanewweightlosstrend.Butthat’snotthegoal；instead，reducetarianismisaboutcuttingdowntheamountofmeatyoueatandmakingsmallchangesthatarehealthyforyouandtheplanet.“Butthevastmajoritydon’twanttogovegan，”saysBrianKateman，co－founderoftheReducetarianFoundation.Sohehasasimplemessageforus：“Don’tletperfectionbetheenemyofthegood.”Comparedwithavegetarian，reducetarianstakeamoreflexibleapproachthatacknowledgeschallengesofgivingupmeatentirelybutstilllimitsmeatwhenpossible.Theoppositesideofeatinglessmeatiseatingmoreplantfoods.Animalproductsoftenreplacefreshfruits，vegetablesandwholegrains，leadingtolackofnutrientsfromthem.Amoreplant－baseddietcanhelplowertheriskofhealthproblemsincludingheartdisease，coloncancer，andobesity.Andresearchshowstheclimatetollfromraisingplant－basedfoodsislessthanthatcausedbyanimal－basedfoods.Thisislargelybecauseittakesmuchmoreland，water，andotherresourcestoproduceapoundofmeatthanplantprotein，saysDanaEllis，adietitian.Thetypeofmeatyoubuymatterstoo.Grass－fedmeat—fromanimalsraisedwithoutantibiotics(抗生素)—tendtobethemoresustainableoptions.Bygrazing，cowsencouragegrassgrowthandnutrientturnoverinthesoil，whichmayhelpoffsetcattle’sclimateimpact，accordingtoastudypublishedin2021.Lookingforlocalproducethatrequiresnoairtransportandcuttingdownthefoodwastearealsosignificantaspectsofbeingareducetarian.Themessageofreducetarianismisthatyoudon’thavetobeperfecttohelpyourselfandtheplanetbymakingsmallchangesinhowyoueatandshopforfood.Andthat’ssomethingweallcanaccomplish.8.Whatdoesreducetarianismreferto?A.Anovelweightlosstrend.B.Ahealthydietwithlittlemeat.C.Anideaofacceptingimperfection.D.Anapproachtobeingavegetarian.9.Whyshouldeatingmoreplantfoodsbeencouraged?A.Ithelpstofreepeoplefromdiseases.B.Itguaranteesallthenutrientsneeded.C.Itallowspeopletoobtainmoreprotein.D.Itcauseslessdamagetotheenvironment.10.Whoismorelikelytobeareducetarianaccordingtothepassage?A.Ameatlover.B.Acowraiser.C.Akeenenvironmentalist.D.Adevotedvegetarian.11.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthelastparagraph?A.Localproducecanoffermorenutrition.B.Reducetarianismissomethingimperfect.C.Anyamountoffoodwasteshouldbeavoided.D.Smallchangesindietbettermanandtheearth.Ⅱ.七選五(2024·江蘇泰州高三統(tǒng)考)ASimpleTricktoResistJunkFoodYou’retiredandhungry.Thenyoucatchsomethingdelicious，probablyfriedandalmostcertainlyfattening.Itisfriedchicken！__1__Anewresearchsaysthatbeingexposedtothesmellofjunkfoodforatleasttwominutescanactuallyhelpyoumakehealthierfoodchoices.Haveyouevernoticedthatwhateverappetizingtreatcatchesyournose’sattentiontendstobemostappealingjustafteryoufirstsmellit?Whatwillhappenifyou’restandinginlineafteracoupleofminutes？__2__Andrecentsciencesaysthatthisisactuallytherightmomenttowalkaway.Theresultsofaseriesofexperimentsshowthatextendedexposureofmorethantwominutestojunkfoodsmellleadstolowerpurchasesofunhealthyfoodscomparedwithhealthysmell.__3__Thatiswhylongexposuretojunkfoodsme