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Unit9HumanBiologyLesson1Tocloneornottoclone?Whatdoyouknowaboutcloning?Whatadditionalinformationwouldyouliketoknow?P52
1
cell
species
toeditgenes
identicalgenes
todevelopartificially
tomakean
exactcopyof
tobreakthetechnicalbarrier
toproduceanimalmodelsUsethewordsandphrasestohelpyou.Example
Cloningcanbeused
toeditgenes.
Cloningcancreate
identicalgenes.
Cloningcanmakean
exactcopyofananimal…Example
Whenwasthefirstclonedanimalcreated?
Whyarescientistssointerestedincloning?
Whatproblemsarewefacingnow?
…Today,let'sreadanarticletoexploremoreaboutcloning.Watchthevideo.What’sthemainidea?Readingdefinition&naturalcloningartificialcloning:clonedmammalsartificialcloning:clonedprimatesthesignificanceofcloningofprimatesmoralconcernsconclusionFastReading:MatchtheheadingswiththeparagraphsPara1Para2Para3Para4Para5Para6Readthroughthearticle.Drawastructuralmaptoshowhowtheparagraphsareorganised.Task2ToCloneornottoClone?Para1DefinitionNaturalcloningParas2-4Para2:clonedmammalsArtificialcloningPara3:clonedprimatesPara4:thesignificanceof
cloningof
primatesPara5MoralconcernsPara6Conclusion...的過程①Cloningistheprocessof
makinganexactcopyofaplantoranimalanddevelopingiteithernaturallyor
artificially.Naturalcloninghasbeengoing
on
for
generations.Forexample,gardenershavebeenusingaformofcloningwhentheytakeacuttingfromaplantandplaceitina世世代代園丁goon發生;進行要么...要么...一種形式when引導時間狀語從句n.(用來插種的)插枝,插條...的過程對...精確復制suitablemedium,suchassoil.Anotherexampleofnaturalcloningisidentical
twins,whoareproducedfromthesameegg.相同的例如who引導非限制性定語從句,充當主語,修飾identicaltwins②Foryears,therehadbeenattemptstocloneanimalsartificially.ThefirstsuccessfullyclonedanimalwasasheepnamedDollyin1996.Atfirst,Dollygrewnormally,butlatershedevelopedanillness
(thatismorenormallyfoundinmucholderanimals.)Shelivedforsixandahalfyears,起初much修飾比較級患病attempttodosth.試圖做某事過去分詞作后置定語that引導定語從句,修飾illnessonlyhalfthelifeofthesheep(fromwhichshewascloned.)AfterDolly,scientistshaveclonedmorethan20mammalspecies,includingcamels,cattle,deer,dogs,goatsandmice.However,theyhavefoundasimilarpatternofhealthproblemswiththeseotherspeciesaswell.Thishasledto
超過leadto引起也“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句相似的健康問題questionssuchas,“Willthisbeamajorissueforallclonedanimals?”“Willitcontinuetohappenforever?”.主要問題continuetodosth.繼續做某事③InJanuary2018,thecloningoftwolong-tailedmonkeys,ZhongZhongandHuaHua,wasannouncedbyChinesescientists.Theywerethefirst-everprimates(theorderofmammals
whichincludeapes,monkeys,andhumans)tohavebeencloned!首次的,前所未有的
the+序數詞+名詞+todosth第...個做某事的...n.目引導定語從句,修飾先行詞mammals
Incomparisonwithotherspecies,cloningprimateshasprovedtobe“muchharder”,anddoingsowithnon-reproductivecellswasevenmorecomplicated.與……比較provetobe
被證明是,證明為Dr.SunQiang,directoroftheresearchteam,saidtheyhadbeenwhollydevotedtotheresearchandhadbeentakingcareofmorethan1,000monkeys24hoursaday,7daysaweekformorethan5years.Therehadbeenanumberoffailuresbeforetheyeventuallyfoundawaytosuccessfullycloneamonkey.bedevotedto(doing)
專心于/致力于…takecareof
照顧許多
區分:thenumberof
...的數量
做某事的方法Thereason(theyworkedsohardtobreakthistechnicalbarrier)wastogetanimalswitheditedgenesandproduceanimalmodels(that
arehelpfulformedicalresearchandhumanhealth.)省略why的定語從句,修飾先行詞為reasonbehelpfulfor
對...有幫助that引導定語從句,修飾先行詞animalmodels④Thesuccessfulcloningofprimateshasledtoworldwidepraiseasahugebreakthrough(that
mightleadto
curesforvariousdiseasesandmayalsooffercluesonhowtopreventtheagingprocess).Withthistechnology,wehavethepotentialto
raise
alargenumberof
monkeyswithidenticalgenesinashort
amountoftime,andwecaneven大量的引起,導致培育;提出;引起;舉起衰老進程引導定語從句,修飾先行詞breakthrough有可能changetheirgenestosuitresearchneeds.Thiscouldhelpsave
researchtime,reducethenumberof
animals(requiredfortesting),producemoreaccurate
results,andleadtomoreeffectivetreatments....的數量savetime節約時間過去分詞作后置定語⑤Cloning,however,continuestobeanissue
(thatcausesagreatdealofdisagreementandprovokesstrongemotions).
While
somepeoplebelieveitiscrucialforscientificadvancement,othersraisemoralconcerns.becrucialto/for...
對…至關重要大量的
(后跟不可數名詞)while引導的讓步狀語從句“盡管”itis+adj.+forsb.+todosth.對某人而言做某事是...的引導定語從句,修飾先行詞issueTheybelieveitisboundtoleadtothecloningofotherspecies,andtheyworryabouttheethicalquestions
(thisraises.)Forexample,theywonderifclonesshouldbetreatedasobjectsorasindividualswiththeirownidentity.擔心被作為;當作……來看一定省略that/which的定語從句if引導賓語從句”是否”Furthermore,clonesmaybeviewedasmerecopiesoforiginalsthusbeingseenasinferior.Finally,theyworrythatsomeorganisationsmayabusethetechnologyforunethicalpurposes.而且被看作是
beseenas
被視為that引導賓語從句
Readparagraphs4-5.Listthepotentialbenefitsof,andmoralconcernsaboutcloningprimates.Addyourownconcerns.Thenshareyournotesingroup.Task4PotentialbenefitsMoralconcerns?
willleadtocuresfor
variousdiseases?
hasrefreshedthe
technicalpossibilityof
cloningofotherspecies?preventaging?saveresearchtime?reducethenumberof
animalsbeingtestedon?producingmoreaccurate
results
?bettertreatments?clonesshouldbetreatedasobjectsorindividuals?clonesareinferior?someorganisationsmayabusethetechnology⑥Sofar,itisstillunknown(whatwillhappentoZhongZhongandHuaHuaastheygrowup).Researchersinsistthatthescienceofcloningshouldbefurtherexploredandadvanced.AsEinsteinsaid,“Scienceisapowerfulinstrument.Howitisused,whetheritisablessingoracursetomankind,目前為止whether...or...
是…還是…insistthat從句,表示堅持認為時,從句用虛擬語氣:(should)+動詞原形長大what引導主語從句,it作形式主語IntensiveReadingTocloneornottoclonedefinitionnaturalcloningPara1artificialcloningPara2-4clonedmammalsPara2clonedprimatesPara3thesignificanceofcloningofprimatesPara4Drawastructuralmaptoshowhowtheparagraphsareorganised.ToCloneorNottoClone?Para.1Definitionofcloning.Para.2-3SuccessfulattemptsatcloningDolly:aclonedsheep
ZhongZhongandHuaHua:twoclonedlong-tailedmonkeysPara.4-5DebateoncloningPositive:Successfulcloningleadstogreatbreakthroughs.Negative:CloningalsocausesdisagreementsandprovokesStrongemotions.Para6:Theauthor’sattitudes.Aknifeisuseful,butitcanalsokill.Completethesummaryusingtheinformationinthearticle.Naturalcloninghastakenplaceforgenerations.Anexampleofthisisidentical1._____.AsheepcalledDollywasthefirstmammaltobecloned2.__________.SinceDolly,morethan20mammal3._______havebeenclonedincludingcamelsandgoats.In2018,Chinaannouncedthattwomonkeyshadbeencloned.Incompa
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