Unit5OntheroadLookatthesentencesfromtheinterviewandanswerthequestions.Insentence(a),whoreadtheblog?Over200,000peoplereadtheblog.Insentence(b),whatisrising?Whendoweputthe-ingformbeforethenounitmodifiesandwhendoweputitafter?Thesunisrising.Ifweuseonesingle-ingformtomodifyanoun,weusuallyputitbeforethenoun.Ifthe-ingformplusotherwordsisusedtomodifyanoun,itisusuallyputafterthenoun.Comparethemwiththefollowingsentencesandanswerthequestions.Whatisthedifferencebetweenthetwogroupsofsentences?Whydoestheauthorchoosetousesentences(a)and(b)inthereadingpassage?Thefirstgroupusesthe-ingformasattributivewhilethesecondgroupusesattributiveclauses.Becausethesentencesusingthe-ingformasattributivearemoreconciseandcolloquial.-ingasattributive—“動詞+ing”作定語

（一）概述由于動名詞和現在分詞都可以作定語,在語法作用上有重合，所以本單元把它們合并在一起,統稱為“動詞+-ing形式”作定語。雖然都是“動詞+-ing形式”作定語,但修飾語和被修飾語之間的關系是不一樣的。動名詞作定語時，它和被修飾語的關系是“目的或用途關系”;現在分詞作定語時,被修飾語和它的關系是“主謂關系”。這兩種不同的修飾關系,是區分動名詞和現在分詞的標志。“動詞+ing”作定語Asleepingcarisacarforsleeping.

一節臥鋪車廂(動名詞作定語)Asleepingboyisaboywhoissleeping. 一個正在睡覺的男孩(現在分詞作定語)Drinkingwateriswaterfordrinking

飲用水(動名詞作定語)Boilingwateriswaterthatisboiling. 正在沸騰的水(現在分詞作定語)“動詞+ing”作定語（二）動名詞作定語動名詞作定語,說明它與被修飾語是“目的或用途關系”。可以用fordoing或usedfordoing來置換這個動名詞,放在被修飾語之后作定語。如:aswimmingpool→apoolforswimming→apoolusedforswimming

游泳池awritingdesk→adeskforwriting一張寫字臺areadingroom→aroomforreading一間閱覽室abathingcap→acapforbathing一個浴帽“動詞+ing”作定語（三）現在分詞作定語現在分詞作定語,說明被修飾語與現在分詞之間是“主謂關系”。一般可以擴展為一個定語從句，從句常用進行時態。單個的現在分詞作前置定語,現在分詞短語作后置定語。1.單個現在分詞作前置定語fallingleaves→leavesthatarefalling正在落下的葉子therisingsun→thesunthatisrising

冉冉升起的太陽adevelopingcountry→acountrythatisdeveloping一個發展中國家“動詞+ing”作定語2.現在分詞短語作后置定語Thegirlplayingfootballontheplaygroundismysister.=Thegirlwhoisplayingfootballontheplaygroundismysister.在操場上踢足球的那個女孩是我妹妹。有時,現在分詞不一定表示正在進行的動作。如果現在分詞表示習慣意義,如人的國籍、職業、事物的客觀存在等,轉換為定語從句時則用一般時態。Theyarevisitorscomingfromseveralcountries.=Theyarevisitorswhocomefromseveralcountries.他們是來自幾個國家的游客。“動詞+ing”作定語2.現在分詞短語作后置定語Thegirlplayingfootballontheplaygroundismysister.=Thegirlwhoisplayingfootballontheplaygroundismysister.在操場上踢足球的那個女孩是我妹妹。有時,現在分詞不一定表示正在進行的動作。如果現在分詞表示習慣意義,如人的國籍、職業、事物的客觀存在等,轉換為定語從句時則用一般時態。Theyarevisitorscomingfromseveralcountries.=Theyarevisitorswhocomefromseveralcountries.他們是來自幾個國家的游客。“動詞+ing”作定語3.表示令人情緒變化的現在分詞作定語一些表示令人情緒變化的現在分詞已經轉化成形容詞,也叫分詞形容詞,常用來作定語(還可以作表語)，多用來修飾事物,意為“令人……的”。(這類詞常用的有amazing,amusing,annoying,astonishing,boring,confusing,convincing,disappointing,discouraging,disturbing,embarrassing,encouraging,exciting,fascinating等。)Thatmusthavebeenaterrifyingexperience.那肯定是一次可怕的經歷。Theexperimentwasanamazingsuccess.那項實驗取得了驚人的成功。“動詞+ing”作定語4.現在分詞的被動式作定語現在分詞作定語時,如果被修飾詞與其是被動關系,則要用被動式beingdone，表示正在被做。Thetallbuildingbeingbuiltnowisourschoollibrary正在被建的那座高樓是我們學校的圖書館。Thequestionbeingdiscussedwaspresentedbytheheadmaster正在被討論的問題是校長提出的。“動詞+ing”作定語5.在下列情況下,不能用現在分詞作定語,應使用定語從句(1)如果作定語的動詞所表示的動作已經發生或者與句子謂語動詞表示的動作不在同一個時間范圍，應使用定語從句，不能用現在分詞作定語。Theprofessorvisitingourschoolyesterdaywillgiveusalecture.(誤)Theprofessorwhovisitedourschoolyesterdaywillgiveusalecture.(正)昨天參觀我們學校的那位教授將給我們做一次講座。(2)現在分詞的完成式一般不作定語,只用來作狀語,表示動作早于謂語動詞發生。ThegirlhavingturnedinherpaperisCheryl.(誤)ThegirlwhohasturnedinherpaperisCheryl.(正)已經交上試卷的那個女孩是謝里爾。非謂語動詞作定語的區別1.

現在分詞和過去分詞作定語的區別(1)語態不同：現在分詞表示主動意義，過去分詞表示被動意義。Thewomanstandingbesidehimishissecretary.站在他旁邊的那個女人是他的秘書。(thewoman與stand之間是主動關系)Sheshowedmethebookrecommendedbytheprofessor.她把教授推薦的書給我看了看。(thebook與recommend之間是被動關系)(2)時間不同:現在分詞表示正在進行的動作，而過去分詞表示過去已經完成的動作。thechangingworld

正在發生變化的世界thechangedworld

已經變化了的世界非謂語動詞作定語的區別2.動名詞和不定式作定語的區別(1)不定式作定語往往表示未發生的動作或經常發生的動作，放在被修飾詞的后面。Bettyisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.貝蒂總是第一個來,最后一個走。(習慣性動作)Mynextaimtoachieveistoearnalotofmoneyandbuymyparentsabighouse.我要實現的下一個目標就是賺好多錢給我父母買一棟大房子。(將要發生的動作)(2)動名詞作定語往往表示用途或作用,放在被修飾詞的前面。awalkingstick=astickwhichisusedforwalkingareadingroom=aroomwhichisusedforreading非謂語動詞作定語的區別3.過去分詞、現在分詞被動式和動詞不定式被動式作定語的區別done,beingdone和tobedone,這三種非謂語形式都表示被動，都可以作定語,但它們是有明顯區別的。done表示“已經被做”,beingdone表示“正在被做”,tobedone表示“將要被做”。Themeetingheldyesterdayisofgreatimportance.昨天召開的會議很重要。Themeetingbeingheldnowisofgreatimportance.現在正在召開的會議很重要。Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisofgreatimportance.明天將要召開的會議很重要。Rewritetheadvertisementusingthe-ingformtomakeitmorecompactandcoherent.workingjumpingsingingdolphinscatchingsettingReadtheemails.UnderlinethetasksAndrewandMatthavetodobeforegoingonatrip.CompletethechartwiththetasksinActivity4.makeabudget

bookaccommodationapplyforavisa

checkinonlinepackluggageNowthinkofotherthingsyoumayhavetodobeforeatripandaddthemtothechart.Workingroups.Chooseadestinationandprepareyourtriptogether.UsethechartinActivity5tohelpyou.Vocabulary1.aboardWelcomeaboard! 歡迎乘坐!Allaboard! 請大家上船(飛機、火車、公共汽車)!goaboard 上船(飛機、火車等)beaboard 在船(火車、飛機)上aboardabus 在公共汽車上,上公共汽車練習：Theplaneistakingoff.Please__________.goaboardVocabulary2.creditgivesb.credit 給某人贊許receiveacredit 獲得學分acreditcard 信用卡oncredit 賒購;賒欠beacredittosb./sth.

為某人/某事物增光dosb.credit=docredittosb.

使某人值得贊揚toone'scredit

某人值得贊揚/欽佩;給某人帶來榮譽get/receivecreditfor

因為……而獲得贊揚練習：Much_______hiscredithehasgrowntobearesponsibleperson.toVocabulary3.flightduringtheflight 在飛行中bookafight 預訂航班boardafight 登機fightsafety 飛行安全aninternationalfight 國際航班asmooth/comfortableflight 平穩的/舒適的航班catch/missafight 趕上/錯過航班Haveagoodfight! (飛行)旅途愉快!練習：Thereturn_________(fly)oftheaircraftwasdelayed.flightVocabulary4.advanceadvanced adj.高級的;先進的inadvanceof 在……前面;超過……makeadvancesin 在……方面取得進步advanceon/upon/towards 朝……前進beadvancedbyfourdays 提前四天advanceaprogramme 提出一個方案練習：Thecourseissuitableforbothbeginnersand___________(advance)students.advancedVocabulary5.engageengaged adj.忙碌的;被占用的engagement n.約會;約定;訂婚engageindoingsth. 參與做某事beengagedin 參加，參與engagesb.’sinterest/attention 吸引某人的興趣/注意力engagesb.inconversation 開始與某人攀談engagewithsb./sth. 與某人/某事物建立密切關系練習：Theyare________(engage)intalkswiththeothercompany.engaged

Listentotheconversationandfindoutwhereittakesplace.abcListenagainandcompletethemapandtheinformationforthetourist.1HistoryMuseum

?behind1____________

?opensat2___________2Paul’sRestaurant

?nextto3____________

?serves4____________3boatrace

?between5___________

and6__________universities

?starts7_____________thetownhallhalfpastnineinthemorningthepostofficedeliciousfishandchipsOxfordCambridgetomorrowafternoonActivity9Workinpairs.Actoutaskingforandgivinginformation.studentAYou’revisitinganewtownandwanttofindplacestodothefollowingthings:Activity9Workinpairs.Actoutaskingforandgivinginformation.studentAYou’revisitinganewtownandwanttofindplacestodothefollowingthings:?buyasouvenirforafriend?findinformationonthehistoryofthetown?tastethefamouslocalfoodAskStudentBforinformation.Takenoteswhileyoulistenandtrytofindtheplacescorrectly,markingyourrouteonthemap.Don’thesitatetoaskStudentBforfurtherinformationaboutthetown.studentBStudentAisvisitingyourtownandhasalistofthingstodo.Givedirectionsandbepreparedtoprovidefurtherinformationaboutyourtown.Activity9TheimportanceofmapswhentravellingAreyouusedtopapermapsoronlinemaps?Whatonlinemapapplicationsdoyouknow?Whichdoyouthinkismoreconvenient?Whatelsedoyouknowabouttravellingessentials?TalkwithyourpartnerExercise1.Itwasdifficultand_________(stress),butwegotthereintheend.2.Theaudienceiswa