2023年普通高等學校招生全國統一考試（新課標全國I卷）

英語學科

本試卷共12頁。考試結束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

注意事項：1.答題前，考生先洛自己的姓名、準考證號碼填寫清楚，將條形碼準確粘貼在考生

信息條形碼粘貼區。

2.選擇題必須使用2B鉛筆填涂；非選擇題必須使用0?5毫米黑色字跡的簽字筆書寫，字體工

整、筆跡清楚。

3.請按照題號順序在答題卡各題目的答題區域內作答，超出答題區域書寫的答案無效；在草

稿紙、試卷上答題無效。

4.作圖可先使用鉛筆畫出，確定后必須用黑色字跡的簽字筆描黑。

5.保持卡面清潔，不要折疊，不要弄破、弄皺，不準使用涂改液、修正帶、刮紙刀。

第一部分聽力（1?20小題）在筆試結束后進行。（共5小題；每小題L5分，滿分7.5分）

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選

項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀

一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.

答案是C。

1.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】

WliatwillJackprobablydothisweekend?

A.Gocamping.B.Visitafriend.C.Watchafilm.

【答案】C

【解析】

【原文】W:Jack,areyougoingcampingwithyourfriendsthisweekend?

M:Itdepends.Ifit\sunny,wellgo.

W:Theweathermansaysit'sgoingtorain.

M:Inthatcase,wellgotothecinemainstead.

2.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】

Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?

A.Takecareofherbags.

B.Packthefoodforher.

C.Checkthetrainschedule.

【答案】A

【解析】

【原文】W:Excuseme,couldyoumindmybagsforamoment?Iwanttobuysomefoodat(heconveniencestore.

M:Noproblem.Butbequick.Itwasannouncedthatmytrainwouldarrivein10minutes.

3.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】

WhenwillthemanseeBob?

A.ThisFriday.B.ThisSaturday.C.NextMonday.

【答案】B

【解析】

【原文】W:BobcameoutofhospitallastFriday.Haveyougotachancetovisithim?

M:IplantoseehimthisSaturday.

W:Aren'tyougoingtotheconferencethen?

M:No.IthasbeenrescheduledfornextMonday.

4.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】

Whydoesthemanapologize?

A.Fortheterriblefood.

B.Fortheovercharge.

C.Forthewaiter'srudeness.

【答案】B

【解析】

【原文】M:Sorry,Miss.Wcmadeaterriblemistakeaddingupthehill.Hereisthetendollarswchavetoreturnto

you.

W:Oh,Ididn'tnoticethat.It'sOK.Don'tblamethewaiter.He'sbeenreallynice.

5.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】

Whatarcthespeakerstalkingabout?

AWritingabook.B.Holdingacelebration.C.Buyingapresent.

【答案】C

【解析】

［原文］W:DoyouthinkwcshouldgetSteveabookforthenewyear?

M:Booksaregood.ButStevewouldn'ttakejustanybook.Hehashadthisparticularoneongeography.

第二節（共15小題；每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分）

聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】

6.WhydocsSaramakethephonecall?

A.Toaskforadvice.B.Toarrangeanouting.C.lbcancelanappointment.

7.WhatdoesDavidwanttodo?

A.Gotoadinnerparty.B.TalktoSarainperson.C.Workonthenewcase.

【答案】6.C7.B

【解析】

【原文】M:Hello,Sara.

W:Hello,David.Ican,tcomefbrdinnertonight.Sorry.

M:Oh,whathappened?

W:We'vegotanewcaseandthingsgetprettycrazyhereintheoffice.

M:Well,thenI'llcometoyou.

W:No,no,nottonight.LetmeseeifIcanarrangeanothernight.

M:Sara,please.Weneedtotalk.It,saboutmyjob.

W:Thentellmeonthephone.

M:No,it'sbetterifwcdoitinperson.Howabouttomorrownight?

W:I'mnotsure.Youcangivemeacalltomorrowafternoon.

M:OK.

聽下面一段較長對話，問答以下小題。【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】

8.WhereisJimnow?

A.Inataxi.B.Onabus.C.Inhisoffice.

9.Whatisthewoman'ssuggestion?

A.Goingtothecitycenter.

B.Takingashortcuthome.

C.MeetingJiminthepark.

【答案】8.A9.B

【解析】

［原文】W:Jimwillcallonusthisafternoon.Doyouknowwhereheisnow?

M:Er...wait.Letmesee.Hehasserttwomessagessayingthathe'sdonewithhisworkattheofficeandgotataxi

and...andhe'llarriveintwentyminutes.

W:Wccan'tkeephimwaitingoutsideourhome.Wehavetohurry.

M:Butittakesatleasthalfanhourtogettothecitycenterbybus.Lookatthetraffic.

W:Let'sgetoff.Wccansaveatleasttwentyminutesbywalkingthroughthepark.

M:Areyousure?

W:Yes.Ahundredpercent.

聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】

10.WhatdidClaradoattheweekend?

A.Sheplantedvegetables.

B.Shewenttoayardsale.

C.Shevisitedhergrandpa.

11.WhatdidMarkfindinsideoneofthebookshebought?

A.Aplaneticket.B.Afamilyphoto.C.Apostcard.

12.WheredoesMarklive?

A.LosAngeles.B.Chicago.C.Philadelphia.

13.WhatistherelationshipbetweenMarkandAshley?

A.Brotherandsister.B.Husbandandwife.C.Fatheranddaughter.

【答案】10.C11.A12.C13.A

【解析】

【原文】W:Morning,Mark.

M:Morning,Clara.Howwasyourweekend?

W:Great.Iwenttomygrandpa's.Heinvitedustopickvegetablesonhisfarm.Mydaughterhadagreattimethere.

Whataboutyou?

M:Oh,Ihadatrulyincredibleexperience.IdroppedbyayardsaleonSaturdayandgotseveralbooks.

W:Novels?

M:Anovelandtwopoetrycollections.AsIleafedthroughthenovel,apieceofpaperfellout.Itwasanairticket

from2012.TheflightwasfromLosAngelestoChicagoandthenameontheticketwasAshleyLouis.

W:Wasit?

M:Yes.Ashley,mysister.In2012,shelivedinLosAngelesandherhusbandworkedinChicago.Bothofthem

oftenflewbetweentwocities.Iaskedthesellerwherehegotthebook.Hesaiditwasboughtatasecond-hand

bookstoreinLosAngelesthreeyearsago.Lastyear,heandhisfamilymovedfromLosAngelestoPhiladelphia.

W:So,allthewayacrossthecountry,yoursister'soldbooklandedinyourhands.That'sreallycrazy.

聽下面?段較長對話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】

14.Whatisprobablythewoman?

A.Ateacher.B.Ajournalist.C.Anathlete.

15.WhatdoesVictorfinddifficultasamemberofthebasketballteam?

A.Adaptinghimselftotheintensetraining.

B.Dealingwiththepressurefromthecoach.

C.Regainingtheskillslearnedinhighschool.

16.WhatdoesVictorsayabouttheplayersontheteam?

A.Theyareofthesameage.

B.Theyaresimilarincharacter.

C.Theyarefromdifferentcountries.

17.HowdoesVictorfeelabouthisteamnow?

A.It'sabouttobreakup.B.It'sthebestinIndiana.C.It'sgettingstronger.

【答案】14.BI5.A16.C17.C

【解析】

（原文】W:Victor,you'vebeenhereinIndianaforsixweeksnow.Howarcyoufeeling?

M:ithinkI'vegotusedtocollegelife,goingtoclasses,workingoutandhangingoutwithmyfriendsThough

there'spressuretomeetdeadlines,lifehereisneverboring.

W:What'sbeenhardaboutbeinganIndiananbasketballplayer?

M:Well,thetrainingisverycompetitive,weightliftingandrunningeveryday.It'snotlikehighschool.Inhigh

school,Ireallydidn'thavetodothat.Tinjusttryingtogetusedtoit.And1thinkIam.

W:Althispoint,howdoyouseeyourselffittingintothisgroup?

M:Ithinkwe'realldiflerent.GeorgeisfromBritain.ChrisandLeoarefromAustralia.TinfromFrance.Andthe

restareAmericans.ButIgetalongwitheverybody.Youknow,wearereallystartingtobond.It'sgreattoseehow

wcgroweachdayasateam.

W:Thanks,Victor.IwishyouaveryhappyandfruitfulstayinIndiana.

聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】

18.WhoisTomHokinson?

A.Founderofamagazine.B.Publisherofanovel.C.Editorofanewspaper.

19.WhatdoweknowaboutthecontentofTheIdler?

A.It'sold-fashioned.B.It'swide-ranging.C.It'sstudent-targeted.

20.Whydoesthespeakergivethetdk?

A.Tbdoapromotion.B.Todiscussanissue.C.Tointroducealecturer.

【答案】18.A19.B2（）.A

【解析】

【原文】W:Goodevening,dearlisteners.Whenwasthelasttimeyouenjoyedleisureactivities?Doyou

wanttoliveafullandhappylife?Today,I'mgoingtointroducetoyouamagazinethatfeaturestheartofliving.

TheIdlerwaslaunchedbyTornHodgkinson,backin1993.Withtheintentionofprovidingabitoffun,freedom

andachievementinthebusyworld,itisnowpublishedbimonthly.Ineveryissue,youwillfindaninterestingmixof

interviewsandessaysonthegoodlife,history,philosophy,artsandfashionphotography.Youwillfindmuchto

laughatandmuchusefulstuffaswell,fromrecipesformakingbacontoguidestohousekeeping.Ifyoueverfelt

thatthereismoretolifethanboringjobs,thenwhynotsubscribetoit?TheIdlerisacheeringreadthatmakesyou

feelbetteraboutlife.Youcandownloadtheapplicationandsubscribetodaytogetyourfirstissuefree.

第二部分閱讀（共兩節，滿分50分）

第一節（共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。

A

BikeRental&GuidedTours

WelcometoAmsterdam,welcometoMacBike.Youseemuchmorefromtheseatofabike!Cyclingisthemost

economical,sustainableandfunwaytoexplorethecity,withitsbeauiifulcanals,parks,squaresandcountlesslights.

YoucanalsobikealonglovelylandscapesoutsideofAmsterdam.

WhyMacBike

MacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthebiggestbicyclerentalcompanyinAmsterdam.With

over2,500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations,wemakesurethereisalwaysabikeavailable

foryou.Weoffer（henewestbicyclesinawidevariety,includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake（剎車）,bikeswithhand

brakeandgears（排擋）,bikeswithchildscats,andchildren'sbikes.

Prices

HandBrake,ThreeGearsFootBrake,NoGears

1hour€7.50€5.00

3hours€11.00€7.50

1day（24hours）F14.75€9.75

Eachadditionalday€8.00€6.00

GuidedCityTours

The2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill,theSkinnyBridge,theRijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryand

muchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.Youcanbuy

yourticketinaMacBikeshoporbookonline.

21.WhatisanadvantageofMacBike?

A.Itgiveschildrenadiscount.B.Itoffersmanytypesofbikes.

C.ItorganizesfreecycleCours.D.Ithasover2.500rentalshops.

22.Howmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhandbrakeandthreegearsfortwodays?

A.€15.75.B.￡19.50.C.€22.75.D.€29.50.

23.Wheredoestheguidedcitytourstart?

A.TheGooyer,Windmill.B.TheSkinnyBridge.

C.HeinekenBrewery.D.DamSquare.

【答案】21.B22.C23.D

【解析】

【導語】本文是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了在阿姆斯特丹進行自行車租賃和雇傭導游的操作方式，價格等

細節。

[21題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據文章第二段“Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,includingbasicbikeswithfoot

brake（剎車）,bikeswithhandbrakeandgears（排擋）,bikeswithchildscats,andchildren'sbikes.（我們提供種類

繁多的最新自行車，包括有腳剎的基本自行車、有手剎和帶排擋的自行車、帶兒童座椅的自行車和兒童自

行車）”可推知，MacBike的優勢是它提供許多類型的自行車。故選B。

【22題詳解】

細節理解題。根據定價表可知，租一輛帶手剎和三檔的自行車一天需要14.75歐元，額外增加天數每天8

歐元。所以租一輛帶手剎和三檔的自行車兩天需要14.75+8=22.75歐元。故選C。

【23題詳解】

細節理解題。根據文章最后一段"ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:0（）pm

everyday.（旅游團每小時從大壩廣場出發，每天下午I點開始）”可知，導游城市之旅從大壩廣場開始。故

選D。

B

WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolved

problems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretiny

creatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemesses

peopleweremaking.

Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandasking

questions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria（細菌）？Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causing

chemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastetheway

naturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-mach:ne.

ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge（污泥）.First,he

constructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsand

streamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,these

differentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks.Johnaddedthe

sludge.

Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsin（heeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbeganto

eatil!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewaler.

Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse—likefacilitythattreated

sewage（污水）from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machine（ocleancanalwaterin

Fuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.

''Ecologicaldcsign,,isthenameJohngivestowhathedocs."LiftonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfbr

theinventor,nhesays."Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat'shappening.Thenyouletthese

newsystemsdevelop（heirownwaystoself-repair.”

24.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfrom（hefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Hewasfondoftraveling.B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.

C.Hehadaninquiringmind.D.Helongedtobeadoctor.

25.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?

A.Tofeedtheanimals.B.Tobuildanecosystem.

C.Toprotecttheplants.D.Totesttheeco-machine.

26.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?

A.ToreviewJohn'sresearchplans.B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn'sidea.

C.TocompareJohn'sdifferentjobs.D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn'sinvention.

27.WhatisthebasisforJohn'swork?

A.Naturecanrepairitself.B.Organismsneedwatertosurvive.

C.LifeonEarthisdiverse.D.Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.

【答案】24.C25.D26.B27.A

【解析】

【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了JohnTodd從小就很愛思考且好學，他建造了一個生態機器，利用

自然可以自我修復的原理來凈化污水。

【24題詳解】

細節理解題。根據第一段"WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,

observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthrough

plantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscould

beusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.（當約翰?托德還是個孩子的時候，他喜歡探索房子周圍

的樹林，觀察大自然是如何解決問題的。例如，?條骯臟的小溪流經植物和微小生物居住的巖石后，往往

會變得清澈。長大后，約翰開始思考這個過程是否可以用來清理人們制造的混亂）”以及第二段“After

studyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentback（oobservingnatureandaskingquestions.

Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria（細菌）？Whichkindsoffishcancatcanccr-causingchemicals?（在大

學學習了農業、醫學和漁業之后，約翰又回到了觀察自然和提出問題的生活中。為什么某些植物能捕獲有

害細菌？哪些魚類會食用致癌化學物質？）”可知，約翰聰穎好學、好奇心很強。故選C。

【25題詳解】

細節理解題。根據第三段"Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.（幾個星期后，約翰把污泥加了進去）”

以及倒數第三段“Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeas

foodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.（他對結果感

到驚訝。生態機器里的動植物把污泥當成了食物，開始吃了起來！幾周之內，它就被消化了，只剩下純凈

水）”可知，約翰把污泥放進罐子里是為了測試生態機器。故選D。

【26題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse

likefacilitythattreatedsewage（污ZQfrom1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedancco-niachincto

cleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.（這些年來，約翰承擔了許多重大工作。他開發了一個類

似溫室的設施，可以處理來自南伯靈頓1600戶家庭的污水。他還設計了一種生態機器來清潔中國東南部

城巾.福州的運河水）”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示約翰想法的應用。故選B。

【27題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobsenewhat'shappening.Thenyou

letthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.（你把生物體放在新的關系中，觀察會發生什么＜.

然后讓這些新系統自行發展自我修復的方式）”可知，約翰工作的基礎是自然可以自我修復。故選A。

C

Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasks

andwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit'srightfbryou.

Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigital

mir.imalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople'sdigitallivesincreasingly

intolerable,beforemovingon（oadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.

Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeciutter.This

processrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,you

wiEthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefits

tothethingsyouvalue.

Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I'llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldec1utter.Indoingso,Til

drawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperfbnnadigitaldeclutter.You'llhear

theseparticipants'storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellfbrthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyou

shouldavoid.

Thesecondpartof（hisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate（培養］asustainable

digitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesschapters,Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitude（獨處）andthe

necessityofcultivatinghigh-qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspendonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapter

concludeswithacollectionofpractices,whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.Youcan

viewthesepracticesasa（oolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatworksforyourparticular

circumstances.

28.Whatisthebookaimedat?

A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills.B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.

C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems.D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declulter“inparagraph3mean?

A.Clear-up.B.Add-on.C.Check-in.D.Take-over.

30.Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartone?

A.Theoreticalmodels.B.Statisticalmethods.

C.Practicalexamples.D.Historicalanalyses.

31.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesofferedinparttwo?

A.Usethemasneeded.B.Recommendthemtofriends.

C.Evaluatetheireffects.D.Identifytheideasbehindthem.

【答案】28.B29.A30.C31.A

【解析】

【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了數字極簡主義生活方式的優點，倡導簡單的數字生活方式。

【28題詳解】

細節理解題。根據文章第一段“Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includinga

detailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyou

decideit'srightforyou.（這本書的目標是為數字極簡主義辯護，包括詳細探索它的要求和為什么有效，然后

如果你認為它適合你，教你如何采用這種哲學）”可知，這本書的FI的是倡導簡單的數字生活方式。故選

Bo

【29題詳解】

詞句猜測題。根據畫線詞下文“Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirty

days.Altheendof（hethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthat

youbelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.（這個過程要求你在30天內遠離可選的在線活

動。在30天結束的時候，你再加上一些你認為會給你所看重的東西帶來巨大好處的精心挑選的在線活

動）”可推知，畫線詞Mdeclutter"的意思是“清理”，對在線活動進行清理和挑選。故選A。

【30題詳解】

推理判斷題o通過文章第四段“Inthefinalchapterofpartone,Tilguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourown

dig:taldec1utter.Indoingso.I'lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperform

adigitaldeckitter.（在第一部分的最后一章中，我將指導您進行自己的數字清理。在這樣做的過程中，我將

借鑒我在2018年進行的一項實驗，在該實驗中，1600多人同意進行數字清理）”可推知，第一部分的最后

一章介紹了實驗與數字清理的實際例子。故選C。

【31題詳解】

推理判斷題。通過文章最后一段"Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuilda

minimalistlifestylethatwordsforyourparticularcircumstances.（你可以將這些實踐視為一個工具箱，旨在幫

助你建立一種適合自己特定情況的極簡主義生活方式）”可推知，作者建議讀者根據需要與實際情況使用第

二部分中提及的實踐。故選A。

D

OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometo

beknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds''cffcct.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,

theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.

Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren'talwaysthesame.Some

peoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,

theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesame

errors,thentheirerrorswon'tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthat

people'sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people'serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,the

accuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.

ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist（轉折）onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekey

findingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroups（hatwereallowedtohavea

discussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependent

individuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantly

moreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.

Inafollow-upstudywith1（X）universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroup

membersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Did

theyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn'tthedominant

response.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether^^.Somehow,these

argumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductionineiTor.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitations

andmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.

32.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?

A.Themethodsofestimation.B.Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.

C.Thecausesofpeople'serrors.D.ThedesignofGalton'sexperiment.

33.Navajas5studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif.

A.thecrowdswererelativelysmallB.therewereoccasionalunderestimates

C.individualsdidnotcommunicateD.estimateswerenotfullyindependent

34.Whatdidthefollow-upstudyfocuson?

A.Thesizeof（hegroups.B.Thedominantmembers.

C.Thediscussionprocess.D.Theindividualestimates.

35.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardNavajas'studies?

A.Unclear.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful.D.Approving.

【答案】32.B33.D34.C35.D

【解析】

【導語】本文是說明文。沒有人是一座孤島，文章陳述了“群體智慧”效應。實驗表明，在某些情況下大量

獨立估計的平均值可能是相當準確的。

【32題詳解】

主旨大意題o根據第二段內容“Thiseffectcapitalizeson（hefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren't

alwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andcometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrors

arcaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearcsimilarandtend

tomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon'tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowds

requiresthatpeople'sestimatesbeindependent.Iffbrwhateverreasons,peopleserrorsbecomecorrelatedor

dependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.（這種效應利用了這樣一個事實，即當人們犯錯誤時，這

此錯誤并不總是相同的。有些人常常會高估，或者低估。當這曲誤差中有足夠多的誤差被平均在一起時，它

們會相互抵消，從而產生更準確的估計。如果相似的人傾向于犯同樣的錯誤，那么他們的錯誤不會相互抵

消。從更專'他的角度來說，群眾的智慧要求人們的估計是獨立的。如果由于任何原因，人們的錯誤變得相關

或依賴，估計的準確性就會卜?降）”可.知，本段闡述了人們所犯的錯誤不總是相同的，各不相同的誤差平均

在一起，相互抵消就會產生更準確的估計，討論了獨立估計的立均如何由于誤差的消除而產生更準確的預

測。因此本段主要解釋了“群體智慧”效應這一現象的基本邏輯。故選B,

【33題詳解】

細節理解題。根據第二段的“Inmoretechnicaltenns,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeopledestimatesbe

independent.（從更專業的角度來說，群眾的智慧要求人們的估計是獨立的）”和第三段的“Thekeyfindingof

thestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,the

averagesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.For

instance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlynoreaccurate

thantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.（這項研究的關鍵發現是，當人群被進一步劃分為允

許進行討論的小組時，這些小組的平均值比同等數量的獨立個體的平均值更準確。例如，從四個五人討論組

的估計中獲得的平均值明顯比從20個獨立個體獲得的平均值更準確）”可知，人們在沒有獨立的情況下，分

成更小群體，平均值是更準確的，說明即使在估計數字并非完全獨立的情況下，準確率提高也是可以做到

的。故選D。

【34題詳解】

推理判斷題o根據第四段的“Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,（heresearcherstriedtogetabetter

senseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabout

theirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?（在■項針對100名大學生的后續研究

中，研究人員試圖更好地了解小組成員在討論中的實際行為。他們是否傾向于選擇那些對?自己的估計最有

信心的人？他們追隨那些最不愿意改變主意的人嗎）”可知，在后續研究中，研究人員試圖更好地了解小組

成員在討論中實際做了什么.結合兩個問題，因此可知后續研究的重點是小組內的討論過程。故選C。

[35題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據最后一段內容”AllhoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,