2024年6月英語四級真題及答案-第2套2024年06月大學英語四級考試真題(第2套)PartIWritingDirections:Supposeyouruniversityisseekingstudents'opinionsonwhetheruniversitysportsfacilitiesshouldbeopentothepublic.Youarenowtowriteanessaytoexpresswillhave30mimutesforthetask.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B).C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteC)ItnarrowlyescapedaplanecrashwhenturnD)Itscaptaingotslightlyinjuredduri2.A)Panic.C)Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreB)HehasescapedthezC)HehasbeencaughQuestions5to7arebasedontheB)ItisenrichingthecC)ItisquestionedbylocalresB)Ensurethesafetyofpedestrians.C)FollowallthetrafficD)GivewaytoautomobilesaB)TobringnewlifeC)Toaddanewmeansoftransport.D)Toreducethecity'sairpolDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionsspokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.9.A)ByshoppingaroundfortheB)Bymakingabstractsumsrelevant.10.A)PayingtheirkidstohelpwithhB)SettingkidsagoodexamplebysC)GivingkidspocketmoneyaccordingtotD)Urgingkidstodepositsomeoftheirgiftmoney.11.A)TheimportanceofcuttinB)TheneedtolearnimportantlessonsfroD)Thenecessityofsavingintoapension.B)HereviewsbooksonpoliticalaC)Hehaspublishedanewbestseller.D)HehasworkedinseveralC)Theman'sattemptsatdraD)Theman'sproposalstosolveeconomicproblem14.A)ToreducestudentB)TomotivateallstudentsC)TogivestudentsincentD)Toprovideremediesforstud15.A)ImprovingschoolbudgetDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassayouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA).B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthe16.A)ToshowhissympathytowardspeoB)TopreventpeoplefromcomplainingC)Tocallonbusypeopletotakecareofthemselves.D)TohelpbusypeopletosortouttheirprioB)Reflectontheirtruepurpose.18.A)ToshowtheirachievementB)ToprovetheystandoutasaccomplishedprofessionC)TocoveruptheirfailuretoachievesoD)Totellothersacompleteliea19.A)Theywillhelponereducefear.B)Theyshouldbecomesopopular.D)Theyshouldcover20.A)Tobreakone'sultimatelimits.C)ToavoidB)Tostopbeingextremelyafraid.21.A)ByallowingourmotivationtobeatanB)BystoppingushurtingthesamemusclesrepC)Byburningasmanyas300calD)Byenablingustogetanall-23.A)Toguardagainstbeingperceivednegatively.C)TocoB)Topreventthemselvesfrombeingisolated.D)TomaintaiB)ItstimulatesinnovativeC)IthelpstoresolveprobleDirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchobyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondilinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthereliedon"communicativeabstraction"toverballyconveytheiridCommunicativeabstraction,accordingtotheresearchers,reflectsthetendencyofpeopletouse“abstractspeechthatfocusesonthebroaderpictureand26purposeofactionraconcretespeechfocusingondetailsandthemeansof27action."Interestingly,theyToarriveatthis28,theresearchersmenandwomeninover600,000bcomputedabstractnessratingsfolanguage.WordsconsideredtobecWordsthatweremore30tovisualize,foreconsideredtobemoreabstract.Theyfoundthatmenused31mWhatisthe32ofthiseffect?Theresearcherssuggestthatpowerdifferencesresearchers33powerdynamicsinaninterpersonalsettingtoseeifthiswoulmorelikelytogiveabstractdescriptionsofbehaviorsthanwereparticipantsinalow-powerintervieweerole.ThistendencyofmenorwomenbutratherA)approximatelyF)fixedK)refrainingB)attainingG)ignoredL)signalsC)conclusionH)legallyM)significantlyD)difficultDmanipulatedN)sourceE)emergesJ)recommendedO)ultimaDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoitEachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.IdentifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderivedYoumaychooseaparagraphmorethanoncparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.A)HalHershfield,apsychologistattheUCLAAndersonSchoolofknowwhypeopleweren'tsavinLogically,they'llneedmoremoneytolivecomfortablyintheirpost-workyears.Andyet,savingsratesintheU.S.havegonedowninrecentdecadeB)Tohelpexplainthisseeminglyirrabrainsofstudyparticipantswhileaskingthemtowh"honorable"or“funny"—appliedtotheircurrentsorafutureother.Asparticipantsanswered,Hershfield'steamrecordedwhichpartsoftheirbrainslitup.Unsurprisingly,people'sbrainsweremoparticipants'brainactivitywhilecotheirbrainactivitywhC)Putinpracticalterms,whenthinkingofyourselfinambrainregistersthatpemailman.Understoodinthatway,savingforretirementistheequivalentofgivingmoneyD)InlightofHershfield'sstudy,onesimplequestionarises:IsitpossibletselvesgiveadamnaboE)Seenthroughthelensofthepresentselfversusthefutureself,ourself-defeatingactions—Wegettoenjoytheveryconcrete,immediatebenefitsofouractionswhilesodecisionsforourfutureselveswewillbedifferenttoconsequencesofourinactionforthefutureselfwe'releftwiththreepossiblesolutionsyourpresentselfdoesn'twanttodo.Thesecondistoconvinceyourpresentselfthatyourfutureselfis,infact,stillyou.IfthecentralproblemisthatwethinkofourfutureselvesasG)Inafollow-upstudy,HershfieldwantedtoexplorewaystobridgethedthepresentandfutureselvesaH)Whateveryourlong-termgoalsmaybe—gettinginbettershape,launchD)Thethirdsolutionistoforgetaboutyourfuturinstantgratification(滿足感)toyouradvantage.Whilethetwotactics(手段)abovecanhumannature.Ourbrainsarehard-wiredforinstantgratification.Insteadoffightingyourpresentself'sneedforimmediaterewards,whynofussetgoals,wefocusonlong-termresultswewanttosee—e.g.,losingweight,gettapromotion,retiringincomfort,etc.Whilethosevisionsofourfutureselvesinspiring,whenitcomesreframeactivitiesintermsoftheirimmediate,oratleastverynear-term,rewards.attheendoftheworkdaytohavethisarticledone.Thisisn'tpartnersKaitlinWoolleyofCornellUniversityandAyeletFishbachoftheUniversityofChicagohavemadeacareeroutofstudyingthedifferencesbeK)"Inonestudy,weaskedpeopleonlineaboutthegoalsMostpeoplesetgoalstoachievedelayed,long-termbenefits,suchascadebtrepayment,orimprovedhpursuetheirgoal,aswellawerestillworkingontheirgoalstwomonthsaftersettingtpredictedpeople'sgoalpersistencetwomonthsaftersetimportanttheyratedtheirgoaltobe,"WooL)ThispatternheldtrueacrossawidevarietyofgoalsfromexercisingtostgreateruptakeofexerciseinpeoplewhoweretoldtothinkoftheenjoymentofdoingtheM)Thesefindingssuggestitselfismoreimportantthanwantingthelong-termbenefits.Inotherwords,psetambitiouslong-termthroughday-to-day,makesureyourpresentselfknowswhat'sinitforhertoo.36.Ourbrainsaregencticallydeterminedtosatisfyimme37.Takeninapracticalway,savingforpost-workyearsislike38.Researchfoundthat,asregardsachionenjoyingtheprocessthanthelong-te40.SavingsratesinAmericahavedroppedinrecentdecadeseventho41.Researchersfoundthatenjoymentratherthani42.Whenmakingdecisions,wegiveprioritytoourcur43.Peopleatemoreofahealthyfoodwhentheyfocusedonitsgoodtasteinstea44.Aswasexpected,whenpeoplethoughtoftheirpresentselves,theirbrainswereobserved45.ResearchersfoundthatparticipantswhosawtheimagesDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorresPeopleoftenwonderwhconnections,luck,workethicoranysomethingdifficult.ItisabehaviorwearebornwithmoretWillpowerisjustlikeamuscle;tokeepitswithagreatamountofwillpowerhavethedisciplinetodeveloppositive,successfulhabits.Evenwithanincredibleamountoftalent,withoutthedisWillpowerandhabitsgohandinhand.Itiscriticaltocactionsnecessarytosticktothosehabitsdayinandyouwillautomaticallypyourhabitstoloseweightifyouhaveahkids,orifyourbusinessissomethingyou'repassionateabout.HavingaassociatedwithahabitwillTheartofself-controlisonethatmostsucofftrack.However,ifyouworkonstickingtothosesmaA)Keepitundercontrol.C)Learnfromen47.HowarealmosthalfofourdailyactionsperformedaccoA)Outofhabit.C)Likemusclebuilding.B)Withdetermination.D48.WhatwillhelppeoplesticktodoingsomethingconstructiveautomA)Practisingitonaday-to-daybasis.C)PossessingareasonB)Associatingitwithimprovinghealth.D)Foreseeingthedesiredoutcomeitwilly49.Howdoestheartofself-controlhelpussucceed?A)Byallowingustoremainclear-headedpermB)ByenablingustoalterourbchaviorsconC)ByenablingustotakepositiD)Byallowingustoavoidtakingri50.WhycanitbedifficultforustA)Mostofusarenotinthehabitofexercisingself-control.B)WemaynotgetimmediaterewardsfromselfC)Self-controltendstobeassociatedwithpains.D)Self-controlonlybringsaboutsmallbeanddevelopment,andnon-profitproductsandservicesyoupurchase,anddonationsyoumFundingforsciencehaschangedwithsupportedthroughprivatepatronage(資助)researchyourself.Today,researchersarelikelytobefundedbyamixofgrantsfromvarigovernmentagencies,institutions,andfoundacompanies.Suchcorporatesponsorshipiswidespreadinsomefields.Almost75%oclinicaltrialsinmedicinearepaidforbyprivatecompanies.And,ofcourse,someresearcherstodaystillfundsmall-scalestudiesoutoftnuclearresearchasaprivatehobby,butbInaperfectworld,moneywouldn'objective.Butintherealworld,fundingmayintroducebiases.DrugresearchspoconsiderationthanstudiessponsoredbygovernmentgrantsorchSimilarly,nutritionresearchsponsoredbythefoodindustryisSowhatshouldwemakeofallthis?Sresearch.Furthermore,sciencehasmanysafeguardsinplacetocataffectresearchoutcomes.Ultimately,misleadingresultswillbecorrectedasshowever,thisprocesstakestime.Meanwhile,itpaystoexaminestudiesfundedbyindustspecialinterestgroufundedstudies?Whatdootherscientistshav51.WhatdoesthepassagemainlydiscussregardingscienA)TheyhavelittleaccesstogovernmentfuB)TheycandoresearchwithlimitedreC)TheycandoamateurD)Theyhavenomeansforlarge-scalereA)TheywouldbetotallyunbiaB)TheywouldbeindependentlyfC)TheywouldberesponsiblyD)TheywouldbestrictlA)TheytryhardtopulldowntB)TheymakeextraeffortstoresearchtheirownC)TheyprovidevaluablereD)Theyreapthemostbenefitsfromscientificresearch55.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofresearchfuA)Itsrecommen