專題02閱讀理解(說(shuō)明文)(一)高頻話題01人與自我—個(gè)人保健/醫(yī)療Passage1[2025·江蘇無(wú)錫·期終教學(xué)質(zhì)量調(diào)研(一模)]Vaping(抽電子煙)damagesyoungpeople’slungsasmuchassmoking,accordingtoaresearchthathascausedfreshdebateoverthehealthrisksofecigarettes.Thestudyparedvapersandsmokersinanintenseexercisetestandfoundbothgroupslessfitandmuchmoreoutofbreaththanpeoplewhohaveneitherhabit.Dr.AzmyFaisalandcolleaguesatManchesterMetropolitanUniversityasked60peopleintheir20stohavetheirlungcapacityrecorded.Twentywerenonsmokers,20othershadvapedforatleasttwoyearsandtheother20hadsmokedforatleasttwoyears.Thetestmeasuredthemaximumamountofphysicalexercisethatsomeonecouldachieve,andfoundthatthevapershadanaverage“peakexercisecapacity”,which,at186watts,wassimilartothatofthesmokers(182watts)butmuchlowerthanthatamongthenonsmokers(226watts).Inaddition,thevapersandsmokerswerelessabletotakeinoxygen—at2.7litresand2.6litresaminuterespectively—thanthosewhoneithersmokednorvaped(3litres).“Thestudyaddstogrowingevidencethatlongtermuseofvapingisdetrimentalandchallengestheideathatvapingcouldbeahealthieralternativetosmoking”,saidFaisalandhiscoauthorsofthestudy.Medicalresearchershavealsofoundevidencethatvapingincreasestheriskofcancer,becauseitchangestheirDNA,andalsothatitmaydamagethebrainandvitalorgansbecauseecigaretteaerosols氣溶膠)andliquidscancontaintracesofpoisonousmetalssuchasleadanduranium.Dr.FilipposFilippidis,ChairmanoftheERS’stobaccocontrolmittee,said,“Vapesarebeingsoldcheaplyandinavarietyofflavourstoappealtoyoungpeople.”Doctorsandpolicymakersneedtoknowabouttherisksofvapingandweshouldbedoingallwecantohelpchildrenandyoungpeopletoavoidorquitvaping.1.HowisFaisal’sresearchconducted?A.Bymeasuringoxygenintakeintheblood.B.Byrecordingexercisecapacitiesatdifferentages.C.Byparinghealthconditionsindifferentexercises.D.Byanalyzinglungcapacitiesamongdifferentgroups.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“detrimental”inparagraph6probablymean?A.Harmful. B.Mysterious.C.Unimportant. D.Unpredictable.3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.Vapingwillsoonbepletelybanned.B.Morepeoplewillstartvapinginthefuture.C.Healthrisksofvapinghaven’tbeenunderstoodbyall.D.Strictruleswillbemadetoregulatethepriceofvapingproducts.4.Whatmightbediscussedinthefollowingparagraph?A.Thehistoryanddevelopmentofvapingproducts.B.Theparisonbetweendifferentecigarettebrands.C.Specificmeasurestohelpyoungpeopletoquitvaping.D.Differentopinionsofyoungpeoplewhovaperegularly.【答案】1.D2.A3.C4.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文主要講述了一項(xiàng)研究表明，抽電子煙對(duì)年輕人肺部的損害程度與吸煙相當(dāng)，引發(fā)了人們對(duì)電子煙健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的新一輪爭(zhēng)論。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Dr.AzmyFaisalandcolleaguesatManchesterMetropolitanUniversityasked60peopleintheir20stohavetheirlungcapacityrecorded.(曼徹斯特城市大學(xué)的AzmyFaisal博士和他的同事讓60名20多歲的人記錄他們的肺活量。)”和第四段“Thetestmeasuredthemaximumamountofphysicalexercisethatsomeonecouldachieve,andfoundthatthevapershadanaverage“peakexercisecapacity”,which,at186watts,wassimilartothatofthesmokers(182watts)butmuchlowerthanthatamongthenonsmokers(226watts).(該測(cè)試測(cè)量了某人所能達(dá)到的最大運(yùn)動(dòng)量，并發(fā)現(xiàn)抽電子煙的人的平均“最大運(yùn)動(dòng)能力”為186瓦，與吸煙者(182瓦)相似，但遠(yuǎn)低于非吸煙者(226瓦)。)”可知，F(xiàn)aisal的研究是通過(guò)分析不同人群的肺活量來(lái)進(jìn)行的。故選D項(xiàng)。2.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞所在句“‘Thestudyaddstogrowingevidencethatlongtermuseofvapingisdetrimentalandchallengestheideathatvapingcouldbeahealthieralternativetosmoking’,saidFaisalandhiscoauthorsofthestudy.(Faisal和他的研究合著者說(shuō):‘這項(xiàng)研究為長(zhǎng)期使用電子煙……這一日益增多的證據(jù)增添了內(nèi)容，并挑戰(zhàn)了電子煙可能是吸煙更健康替代品這一觀點(diǎn)。’)”可知，F(xiàn)aisal和他的研究合著者的研究挑戰(zhàn)了電子煙可能是吸煙更健康替代品這一觀點(diǎn)即長(zhǎng)期用電子煙是不健康的，由此畫(huà)線詞所在句提到的是研究為“電子煙有害”增添了證據(jù)。故畫(huà)線詞意思是“有害的”與A選項(xiàng)“Harmful.(有害的)”為同義詞。故選A項(xiàng)。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Doctorsandpolicymakersneedtoknowabouttherisksofvapingandweshouldbedoingallwecantohelpchildrenandyoungpeopletoavoidorquitvaping.(醫(yī)生和決策者需要了解電子煙的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，我們應(yīng)該盡我們所能幫助兒童和年輕人避免或戒除電子煙。)”可推知，不是所有人都了解電子煙的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故選C項(xiàng)。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Doctorsandpolicymakersneedtoknowabouttherisksofvapingandweshouldbedoingallwecantohelpchildrenandyoungpeopletoavoidorquitvaping.(醫(yī)生和決策者需要了解電子煙的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，我們應(yīng)該盡我們所能幫助兒童和年輕人避免或戒除電子煙。)”可知，最后一段強(qiáng)調(diào)了醫(yī)生和決策者需要了解電子煙的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，并幫助年輕人避免或戒除電子煙，由此可推知，接下來(lái)可能會(huì)討論幫助年輕人戒除電子煙的具體措施。故選C項(xiàng)。Passage2[2025·浙江嵊州·一模]Theexperimentssoundlikesomethingoutofahorrormovie.Sewtwomicetogethersothattheysharebloodinasinglecirculatorysystem.Thisprocedurehasledtonewdiscoveriesinthestudyofaging.Studiesusingtheprocedure,calledparabiosis,suggestthatpumpingbloodfromyoungmiceintooldmicecanmaketheoldmiceactyoungagain.Butscientistsarestilltesting“youngblood”anddebatingwhetheritreallyholdsthesecrettoturningbacktime.Inthe2000s,ThomasRando,aneurologistatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia,conductedanexperimentusingparabiosis.Hefoundthattheyoungmousebloodcausedcertaincellsinoldermicetohelprepairdamagedmuscles.Butthebloodfromoldmicealsoaffectedyoungmiceinnegativeways.Rando’sexperimentalsohintedatsomegrowthofnewbraincells.ThisreallyinterestedTonyWyssCoray,aneuroscientistatStanfordUniversity.In2011,WyssCorayandhisgraduatestudentSaulVilledafoundthatifoldmicereceivedbloodfromyoungmice,theyexperiencedaburstofcellgrowthinthehippocampus—asmanyasthreetofourtimesmorenewcellsthanmicethatdidnotreceiveyoungblood.Andifyoungmicereceivedoldblood,thisslowedcellgrowth,makingthemiceoldbeforetheirtime.ThiswaspartlyduetoahighlevelofaproteincalledCCL11inoldblood.CCL11blocksthegrowthofnewbraincells.Theseresultsstirredagreatdealofexcitement.WhatifyoungbloodcouldhelpAlzheimer’spatientsimprovetheirmemories?ThisisexactlywhatWyssCoraysetouttolearn.MichaelandIrinaConboy,researchscientistsatUCBerkeleywhoworkedwithThomasRandohaveconductedabloodexchangeexperiment.TheConboysnotedthatalthoughyoungbloodhadsomepositiveeffectsonoldermice,it’snotsomuchthatyoungbloodhasmagicalagedefyingproperties.Instead,itjusthelpsfilteroutordilutesomeofthe“badstuff”inoldblood.“Scienceistheprocessofrefiningthequestionswehave,”Conboysays.Researchersarehopefulthat,onedaysciencewillfinallyunlockthesecretsofaging.1.WhymightyoungmicereceivingoldbloodbeeolderaccordingtoWyssCoray?A.Cellgrowthinthehippocampus. B.Agedefyingproperties.C.RepairedmusclesduringParabiosis. D.HighamountofCCL11.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dilute”meaninparagraph5?A.Identify. B.Weaken. C.Intensify. D.Locate.3.Whatdotheresearchersthinkoftheprospectsoftheexperiments?A.Unconvincing. B.Skeptical. C.Promising. D.Unclear.4.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.OverturningOldAge B.RegainingLostMemoriesC.MaintainingHealthyCells D.UncoveringAlzheimer’sDisease【答案】1.D2.B3.C4.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹的是通過(guò)年輕血液逆轉(zhuǎn)衰老的前沿研究，探討其對(duì)老化機(jī)制的理解及潛在的醫(yī)學(xué)應(yīng)用前景。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Andifyoungmicereceivedoldblood,thisslowedcellgrowth,makingthemiceoldbeforetheirtime.ThiswaspartlyduetoahighlevelofaproteincalledCCL11inoldblood.CCL11blocksthegrowthofnewbraincells.(如果年輕的老鼠接受了年老的血液，這就會(huì)減緩細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)，使老鼠提前衰老。這在一定程度上是由于老年老鼠血液中一種叫做CCL11的蛋白質(zhì)含量很高。CCL11阻斷新腦細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)。)”可知，年輕老鼠接受年老的血液會(huì)使老鼠提前衰老，在很大程度上由于老年老鼠血液中一種叫做CCL11的蛋白質(zhì)含量很高。故選D項(xiàng)。\2.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞前的“TheConboysnotedthatalthoughyoungbloodhadsomepositiveeffectsonoldermice,it’snotsomuchthatyoungbloodhasmagicalagedefyingproperties.(兩位科學(xué)家指出，盡管年輕的血液對(duì)年老的老鼠有一些積極的影響，但并不是說(shuō)年輕的血液有神奇的抗衰老特性。)”可知，兩位科學(xué)家認(rèn)為年輕血液對(duì)年老老鼠有積極影響，但并非是年輕血液有神奇的抗衰老特性，結(jié)合“Instead,itjusthelpsfilterout ordilutesomeofthe“badstuff”inoldblood.(相反，它只是幫助過(guò)濾掉舊血液中的一些“壞東西”。)”可知，劃線單詞所在的句子解釋了年輕血液對(duì)年老老鼠有積極影響是因?yàn)樗^(guò)濾掉了舊血液中的一些“壞東西”，劃線單詞與filterout用or連接，為選擇關(guān)系，由此可知，年輕血液的作用在于過(guò)濾或減弱老年血液中的一些不良物質(zhì)的影響，所以，劃線單詞的意思與“減弱”意義相近。故選B項(xiàng)。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段中的“Researchersarehopefulthat,onedaysciencewillfinallyunlockthesecretsofaging.(研究人員希望有一天科學(xué)能夠最終揭開(kāi)衰老的秘密。)”可知，研究人員對(duì)未來(lái)的科學(xué)研究充滿希望，認(rèn)為有一天科學(xué)能夠揭示衰老的秘密，這反映了他們對(duì)研究前景持樂(lè)觀態(tài)度。故選C項(xiàng)。4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)首段中的“Studiesusingtheprocedure,calledparabiosis,suggestthatpumpingbloodfromyoungmiceintooldmicecanmaketheoldmiceactyoungagain.Butscientistsarestilltesting“youngblood”anddebatingwhetheritreallyholdsthesecrettoturningbacktime.(使用這種被稱為異種共生的方法的研究表明，將年輕老鼠的血液注入年老老鼠體內(nèi)，可以使年老老鼠恢復(fù)年輕的行為。但科學(xué)家們?nèi)栽跍y(cè)試“年輕血液”，并爭(zhēng)論它是否真的擁有讓時(shí)間倒流的秘密。)”以及下文中介紹的斯坦福大學(xué)的神經(jīng)科學(xué)家ThomasRando以及TonyWyssCoray對(duì)該研究的進(jìn)一步實(shí)驗(yàn)和分析和加州大學(xué)伯克利分校的研究科學(xué)家邁克爾和伊琳娜·康博伊曾與托馬斯·蘭德合作進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)血液交換實(shí)驗(yàn)情況可知，本文主要討論了通過(guò)年輕血液逆轉(zhuǎn)衰老的研究和發(fā)現(xiàn)，包括其可能對(duì)阿爾茨海默病患者記憶改善的影響，所以題目“顛覆衰老”與本文的內(nèi)容吻合，且可以概括本文的主旨，適合作為最佳標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。Passage3[2025江西省部分學(xué)校高三下學(xué)期2月一模]Forcenturies,scientistshavepeeredthroughmicroscopestounderstandthebasicunitsoflife.Now,they’reproposingsomethingfarmoreambitious:creatingpletevirtualcopiesofhumancells—whattheycallartificialintelligencevirtualcells(AIVCs)—thatcanbestudied,controlled,andtestedwiththepowerofartificialintelligence.Tounderstandwhythisisagreatundertaking,considerwhatmakescellsplex.Everyhumancellcontainsroughly42millionproteinmoleculesand20,000differentgenes,allinteractinginplicatedwayswe’restillstrugglingtofullyprehend.Theseponentsdon’toperateinisolation—theyformvastnetworksofinteractionsthatcandramaticallychangebasedontinyadjustments.Now,tworevolutionaryadvancesareheretomakevirtualcellspossible:theexplosionofbiologicaldatacollectionmethodsanddramaticimprovementsinartificialintelligence.Modernlaboratorytechniquescangenerateenormousdatasetsaboutcellularponentsandbehavior,withthevolumeofdatadoublingeverysixmonths.Thepossibleapplicationsofsuchasystemcanbetransformative.Imagineafuturewheredoctorscouldcreatea“digitaltwin”ofyourcells—avirtualcopythatwouldletthemtestdifferenttreatmentsonaputerbeforegivingthemtoyou.Thiscouldbeparticularlyrevolutionaryforcancertreatment,wheredoctorscouldsimulate(模擬)howdifferentbinationsofdrugsmightaffectyourcancercells,potentiallyavoidingharmfulsideeffectsandfindingthemosteffectivetreatmentmorequickly.However,thebenefitswouldextendfarbeyondindividualpatientcare.Cancerbiologistscouldusethesevirtualcellstobetterunderstandhowspecificgeneticmutations(基因突變)transformhealthycellsintounhealthyones.Developmentalbiologistscouldtrackhowcellschangeasorganismsgrow,potentiallyuncoveringnewwaystotreatagerelateddiseases.Microbiologistscouldmodelviralinfectionstopredictnotjusthowvirusesaffectindividualcellsbuthowtheymightimpactentireorgansorsystems.EmmaLundberg,associateprofessorofbioengineeringandpathologyatStanford,says,“Thisprojectrequirescooperationacrossscientificfields,industriesandnations,andweunderstandthatfullyfunctionalmodelsmightnotbeavailableforadecadeormore.Withtoday’srapidlyexpandingAIcapabilitiesandmassivedatasets,thetimeisripeforustounitetoreachforthestars.”1.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“inisolation”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Innovatively. B.plicatedly. C.Physically. D.Separately.2.Howcoulddoctorsmainlyusethevirtualcellsystem?A.Matchhealthycellsforpatients. B.Testpossibletreatmentsinadvance.C.Createrealcopiesofhealthycells. D.Teachrobotstoconductsurgery.3.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Otherpotentialapplicationsofvirtualcells. B.Enormousbenefitsofindividualpatientcare.C.Howscientistsinmedicinecooperatetogether. D.Howsomediseasesaredetectedandprevented.4.WhatisthemainpurposeofEmmaLundberg’swordsinthelastparagraph?A.Tocallforjointeffortstopletetheproject.B.Toremindscientiststowaitforthetimetostart.C.Towarnagainstspendingmuchtimeonthegoal.D.Toacknowledgecurrenttransformativeadvances.【答案】1.D2.B3.A4.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章探討了創(chuàng)建人工智能虛擬細(xì)胞(AIVCs)的設(shè)想，以及它的應(yīng)用前景和實(shí)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題。1.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞下文“theyformvastnetworksofinteractionsthatcandramaticallychangebasedontinyadjustments(它們形成了巨大的互動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，可以根據(jù)微小的調(diào)整產(chǎn)生巨大的變化。)”可知是對(duì)上文的解釋，所以推知上文意思是這些組成部分并不是孤立運(yùn)作的，所以inisolation意為“孤立地”和separately同義，故選D。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Imagineafuturewheredoctorscouldcreatea“digitaltwin”ofyourcells—avirtualcopythatwouldletthemtestdifferenttreatmentsonaputerbeforegivingthemtoyou.(想象一下，未來(lái)醫(yī)生可以為你的細(xì)胞創(chuàng)造一個(gè)“數(shù)字雙胞胎”——一個(gè)虛擬的副本，讓他們?cè)诮o你治療之前在電腦上測(cè)試不同的治療方法。)”可知，醫(yī)生主要利用虛擬細(xì)胞系統(tǒng)提前測(cè)試可能的治療方法。故選B。3.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段“However,thebenefitswouldextendfarbeyondindividualpatientcare.Cancerbiologistscouldusethesevirtualcellstobetterunderstandhowspecificgeneticmutations(基因突變)transformhealthycellsintounhealthyones.Developmentalbiologistscouldtrackhowcellschangeasorganismsgrow,potentiallyuncoveringnewwaystotreatagerelateddiseases.Microbiologistscouldmodelviralinfectionstopredictnotjusthowvirusesaffectindividualcellsbuthowtheymightimpactentireorgansorsystems.(然而，它的好處將遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出對(duì)病人的個(gè)人護(hù)理。癌癥生物學(xué)家可以利用這些虛擬細(xì)胞來(lái)更好地了解特定的基因突變是如何將健康細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化為不健康細(xì)胞的。發(fā)育生物學(xué)家可以追蹤生物體生長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中細(xì)胞的變化，從而有可能發(fā)現(xiàn)治療與年齡相關(guān)疾病的新方法。微生物學(xué)家可以模擬病毒感染，不僅可以預(yù)測(cè)病毒如何影響單個(gè)細(xì)胞，還可以預(yù)測(cè)病毒如何影響整個(gè)器官或系統(tǒng)。)”可知該段主要講的是虛擬細(xì)胞的其他潛在應(yīng)用。故選A。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“EmmaLundberg,associateprofessorofbioengineeringandpathologyatStanford,says,“Thisprojectrequirescooperationacrossscientificfields,industriesandnations,andweunderstandthatfullyfunctionalmodelsmightnotbeavailableforadecadeormore.Withtoday’srapidlyexpandingAIcapabilitiesandmassivedatasets,thetimeisripeforustounitetoreachforthestars.”(斯坦福大學(xué)生物工程和病理學(xué)副教授艾瑪·倫德伯格(EmmaLundberg)說(shuō)：“這個(gè)項(xiàng)目需要跨科學(xué)領(lǐng)域、行業(yè)和國(guó)家的合作，我們知道，功能齊全的模型可能在十年或更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi)無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)。”隨著人工智能能力和海量數(shù)據(jù)集的迅速發(fā)展，我們聯(lián)合起來(lái)摘星的時(shí)機(jī)已經(jīng)成熟。”)”可推知EmmaLundberg說(shuō)這段話的目的是呼吁共同努力完成這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，故選A。Passage4[2025湖南省株洲市高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量統(tǒng)一檢測(cè)(一模)考試]Animalshibernate(冬眠)toconserveenergyduringcoldmonthswhenfoodisinshortage,slowingtheirheartrateanddroppingtheirbodytemperaturetoenteraninactivestate.Thisisonlysurvivableiftheirbloodcontinuestoflowandsupplyoxygentothebody,butscientistshaven’tfullyunderstoodhowthishappens.Iftheycanfigureouthow,thepotentialsignificanceisthatpeoplemightonedaybeabletocopytheprocessformedicaltreatmentsorlongdistancespacetravel.Scientistsalreadyknowthatredbloodcellschangeshapetofitdifferentpressuresandbloodvesselsizes.Toinvestigateifsomethinglikethishappensinthecellsofhibernatinganimalstokeepbloodflowing,GeraldKerthandhisteamturnedtobats.Byanalysingthousandsofredbloodcellsfrombatsandpeople,theydiscoveredthatthecellsbecamethickerandstickierastemperaturesdroppedfrom37℃to23℃.Butwhentheycooledthecellsto10℃,thebatcellscontinuedthismetamorphosis,whereasthehumancellsdidnot.Indeed,thebatcellscontinuedtofunction.Thischangemightslowdownthecellsastheypassthroughcapillaries(毛細(xì)血管)inthemusclesandlungs,makingthemefficientatexchanginggases,likeoxygen,throughoutthebody.Theteambelievesthatthemechanicalpropertiesofthebatredbloodcellmembranes(膜)playakeyrole.Thefindingssuggestthatdrugscouldonedayenablehumanredbloodcellmembranestoimitatethewaythebatmembranesreacttothecold.Surgeonsalreadyusebodycoolingduringcertainprocedurestoslowdownmetabolism,whichcanhelppreventorgandamageinpeopleexperiencingheartattacks,organtransplantsormajorbrainsurgery.“Beingabletolengthenthatcoolingtime,ordropthetemperaturelower,couldincreasethosebenefits,”saysKerth.Natureisfullofyettobedisclosedsecretsthatcanteachushowtooverepresentandfuturemedicalandtechnologicalchallenges.Inthefuture,hibernationwillallowofefficientlongdistancespacetravel,requiringminimumfoodandresourceswhilepreservinghealthduringthejourney.1.Whyisstudyinganimalhibernationsignificant?A.Itbenefitshuman’sactivestates. B.Itbringsaboutmedicaladvances.C.Itcontributestoatourismboom. D.Itpromiseshuman’shealthyheartrate.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“metamorphosis”inparagraph3mean?A.Decline. B.Destruction. C.Transportation. D.Transformation.3.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph4?A.Coolingtechniqueshaveimproved. B.Drugsmakehumancellsworklikebatcells.C.Bodycoolingmattersinsurgeries. D.Lowerbodytemperaturehelpsorganrecovery.4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardGeraldKerth’sresearch?A.Unclear. B.Dismissive. C.Doubtful. D.Approving.【答案】1.B2.D3.C4.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，變形紅細(xì)胞幫助蝙蝠冬眠，如果我們能找出其中的奧秘，也許有一天人類也能復(fù)制這一過(guò)程，用于醫(yī)療或遠(yuǎn)距離太空旅行。文章介紹了GeraldKerth及其團(tuán)隊(duì)在這方面的研究及重要發(fā)現(xiàn)。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Iftheycanfigureouthow,thepotentialsignificanceisthatpeoplemightonedaybeabletocopytheprocessformedicaltreatmentsorlongdistancespacetravel.(如果他們能弄清楚如何做到這一點(diǎn)，潛在的意義在于，人們有一天可能能夠復(fù)制這一過(guò)程，用于醫(yī)療或長(zhǎng)途太空旅行)”可知，研究動(dòng)物冬眠之所以重要是因?yàn)樗鼤?huì)帶來(lái)醫(yī)學(xué)進(jìn)步，故選B。2.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中“Byanalysingthousandsofredbloodcellsfrombatsandpeople,theydiscoveredthatthecellsbecamethickerandstickierastemperaturesdroppedfrom37℃to23℃.Butwhentheycooledthecellsto10℃,thebatcellscontinuedthismetamorphosis,whereasthehumancellsdidnot.(通過(guò)分析來(lái)自蝙蝠和人類的數(shù)千個(gè)紅細(xì)胞，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)溫度從37℃降至23℃時(shí)，這些細(xì)胞變得更厚、更堅(jiān)硬。但是當(dāng)他們將細(xì)胞冷卻到10℃時(shí)，蝙蝠細(xì)胞繼續(xù)這種metamorphosis，而人類細(xì)胞則沒(méi)有)”可知，溫度下降時(shí)紅細(xì)胞會(huì)變得更厚、更堅(jiān)硬，metamorphosis指的是紅細(xì)胞的這種“改變”，故選D。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Surgeonsalreadyusebodycoolingduringcertainprocedurestoslowdownmetabolism,whichcanhelppreventorgandamageinpeopleexperiencingheartattacks,organtransplantsormajorbrainsurgery.(外科醫(yī)生已經(jīng)在某些手術(shù)過(guò)程中使用身體降溫來(lái)減緩新陳代謝，這有助于防止心臟病發(fā)作、器官移植或大型腦部手術(shù)患者的器官損傷)”可知，在手術(shù)中，身體降溫很重要，故選C。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Natureisfullofyettobedisclosedsecretsthatcanteachushowtooverepresentandfuturemedicalandtechnologicalchallenges.Inthefuture,hibernationwillallowofefficientlongdistancespacetravel,requiringminimumfoodandresourceswhilepreservinghealthduringthejourney.(大自然充滿了尚未揭示的秘密，這些秘密可以教會(huì)我們?nèi)绾慰朔?dāng)前和未來(lái)的醫(yī)療和技術(shù)挑戰(zhàn)。在未來(lái)，冬眠將允許高效的長(zhǎng)途太空旅行，需要最少的食物和資源，同時(shí)在旅途中保持健康)”可知，作者對(duì)GeraldKerth的研究持贊成態(tài)度，故選D。高頻話題02人與社會(huì)—科學(xué)技術(shù)Passage1[2025湖南省長(zhǎng)沙市第一次新高考適應(yīng)性考試]Artificialintelligence—orAI—istheputercode(代碼)thatallowsamachinetodosomethingthatnormallyrequiresahumanbrain.OnTikTok,forinstance,AIsortsthepostssothatthefirstonesyouseearelikelytobethoseyou’dprefer.ButbeforeanAIcandoanyofthat,developersmusttrainit.Andthetrainingconsumesenergy.AItrainingispoweredmostlybyfossil(化石)fuels,accordingtooneofthelargeststudiesofitskind.Lessthan25percentofAIsuselowcarbonenergysourcessuchashydroelectricityandnuclearpowerduringtraining.Infact,researchersnowworrythattraining’sappetiteforenergycouldsoonbeeahugeproblem.TheenergytodevelopAIesoutoftheelectricalnet.Andinmostpartsoftheworld,makingelectricityemits(排放)carbondioxideandothergreenhousegasesintotheair.LanguageprocessingAIsystemslearnbydevouring(吞食)textsinaparticularlanguage.Thismightinclude“reading”everythingeverpublishedonlineinsomelanguage,includinglibrariesfullofoldbooksthathavebeendigitized.Suchdataintensivetrainingusesalotofenergy.TotranslatebetweenEnglishandChinese,forexample,anAImodelmaydealwithmillionsorevenbillionsoftranslatedbooksandarticles.Inthisway,itlearnswhichwordsandphrasesmatch.Later,whengivenanewtext,itremendsitsowntranslation.In2019,researcherscalculatedtheimpactofdevelopingAImodelnamedTransformer.Itreleasedamassive626,000poundsofcarbondioxide.That’sequaltothegreenhousegasesthatwouldbepouredbyfiveAmericancarsfromwhentheyweremadetowhentheywerejunked.Today,mostAIdevelopmenthappensatdatacenters.Theseputerfilledbuildingsaccountforsome2percentUSelectricityuseand1percentofglobalenergyuse.SomeAIexpertshavesoundedanalarmaboutthethreattheseenergygiantspose.1.WhatisAItrainingmainlyenergizedby?A.Fossilfuels. B.Solarenergy. C.Nuclearenergy. D.Greenhousegases.2.WhatdoweknowaboutthelanguageprocessingAIsystems?A.Theyprocesslimitedtexts. B.Theywillreplacetranslators.C.Theyseldomreaddigitalbooks. D.Theyareenergyconsuming.3.WhydoestheauthormentionTransformerinparagraph4?A.Tohighlightitssignificance. B.TospeakhighlyofAI’spower.C.Todemonstrateresearchers’creativity. D.Tostressitseffectontheenvironment.4.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?A.AI’sdevelopmentposesathreattodatacenters.B.TheenergyconsumptionofAIcan’tbeignored.C.AIiseffectivelytransformingthewaywelearn.D.Peopleshouldtakeactiontoreducegasemission.【答案】1.A2.D3.D4.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了人工智能(AI)訓(xùn)練所消耗的能源問(wèn)題。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“AItrainingispoweredmostlybyfossil(化石)fuels,accordingtooneofthelargeststudiesofitskind.(根據(jù)同類研究中規(guī)模最大的一項(xiàng)，人工智能訓(xùn)練主要由化石燃料提供動(dòng)力。)”可知，AI訓(xùn)練主要由化石燃料提供能量。故選A。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“LanguageprocessingAIsystemslearnbydevouring(吞食)textsinaparticularlanguage.Thismightinclude“reading”everythingeverpublishedonlineinsomelanguage,includinglibrariesfullofoldbooksthathavebeendigitized.Suchdataintensivetrainingusesalotofenergy.(語(yǔ)言處理人工智能系統(tǒng)通過(guò)大量“吞食”(即閱讀)特定語(yǔ)言的文本來(lái)進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)。這可能包括“閱讀”某種語(yǔ)言下所有曾在網(wǎng)上發(fā)布過(guò)的內(nèi)容，以及已被數(shù)字化的滿載古老書(shū)籍的圖書(shū)館。這種數(shù)據(jù)密集型的訓(xùn)練過(guò)程消耗了大量的能源。)”可知，語(yǔ)言處理AI系統(tǒng)需要“吞食”大量的文本，這種數(shù)據(jù)密集型的訓(xùn)練消耗了大量的能量。故選D。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“In2019,researcherscalculatedtheimpactofdevelopingAImodelnamedTransformer.Itreleasedamassive626,000poundsofcarbondioxide.That’sequaltothegreenhousegasesthatwouldbepouredbyfiveAmericancarsfromwhentheyweremadetowhentheywerejunked.(2019年，研究人員計(jì)算了開(kāi)發(fā)名為Transformer的人工智能模型的影響。它釋放了62.6萬(wàn)磅的二氧化碳。這相當(dāng)于五輛美國(guó)汽車從制造到報(bào)廢所排放的溫室氣體總量。)”可知，作者提到Transformer是為了說(shuō)明開(kāi)發(fā)這個(gè)AI模型釋放了大量的二氧化碳，即為了強(qiáng)調(diào)其對(duì)環(huán)境的影響。故選D。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Today,mostAIdevelopmenthappensatdatacenters.Theseputerfilledbuildingsaccountforsome2percentUSelectricityuseand1percentofglobalenergyuse.SomeAIexpertshavesoundedanalarmaboutthethreattheseenergygiantspose.(如今，大多數(shù)人工智能的開(kāi)發(fā)都發(fā)生在數(shù)據(jù)中心。這些布滿計(jì)算機(jī)的建筑約占美國(guó)電力消耗的2%和全球能源消耗的1%。一些人工智能專家對(duì)這些能源巨頭構(gòu)成的威脅發(fā)出了警報(bào)。)”可知，作者在最后一段暗示AI的能源消耗不容忽視。故選B。Passage2[2025廣東省河源市高三畢業(yè)班下學(xué)期調(diào)研模擬測(cè)試(一)]Withtherapiddevelopmentofartificialintelligence,DeepSeek,aChineseAIpany,hasemergedasapioneerineducationaltechnology.Itslatestmodel,DeepSeekR1,binesadvancedmachinelearningmethodstoprovidepersonalizedlearningsolutionsforstudentsworldwide.UnliketraditionalAImodelsthatrelyonpreprogrammedanswers,DeepSeekR1usesreinforcement(強(qiáng)化)learningtosimulatehumanreasoning.Thisallowsittoguidestudentsthroughproblemsolvingstepbystep,muchlikeapatienttutor.Forexample,whenastudentstruggleswithamathequation,DeepSeekR1doesn’tjustgivetheanswer;itbreaksdownthelogic,identifieserrors,andencouragescriticalthinking.Themodel’sapplicationsextendbeyondacademics.Inlanguagelearning,itanalyzesstudents’pronunciationthroughAIspeechrecognitionandoffersrealtimefeedback.Forteachers,DeepSeekR1cangeneratelessonplansalignedwithcurriculumstandardsandevenpredictstudents’learningdifficultiesbasedonhistoricaldata.Its“adaptivetesting”featurecreatescustomizedquizzesthatadjustdifficultyaccordingtoindividualprogress.However,challengesremain.CriticsarguethatoverrelianceonAImightreducehumaninteractionineducation.DeepSeek’sdevelopersaddressthisbyemphasizingitsroleasa“supplement,notareplacement.”AsDr.Li,aDeepSeekresearcher,stated,“Ourgoalistofreeteachersfromrepetitivetaskssotheycanfocusoninspiringcreativity.”Lookingahead,DeepSeekaimstointegratevirtualreality(VR)intoitsplatform,allowingstudentstoexplorehistoricaleventsorscientificconceptsinimmersive3Denvironments.WhileethicaldebatesaboutAIineducationpersist,onethingisclear:toolslikeDeepSeekarereshapinghowwelearn,blendingtechnologywithhumanwisdom.1.WhatmakesDeepSeekR1differentfromtraditionalAImodels?A.Itusespreprogrammedanswers.B.Itfocusesonmemorizationtechniques.C.Itreplacesteachersinclassrooms.D.Itemploysreinforcementlearningforreasoning.2.Theunderlinedword“adaptive”inParagraph3mostlikelymeans______.A.fixed B.adjustableC.plicated D.outdated3.WhatcanbeinferredaboutDeepSeek’sfutureplans?A.VRtechnologywillenhanceinteractivelearning.B.Itwilleliminateallclassroomactivities.C.Itprioritizesprofitovereducationalvalues.D.TeacherswilllosetheirjobstoAI.4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.ToadvertiseDeepSeekproducts.B.TocriticizetherisksofAIinschools.C.TodiscussAI’sroleintransformingeducation.D.ToparedifferentAImodels.【答案】1.D2.B3.A4.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了中國(guó)AI公司DeepSeek及其最新模型DeepSeekR1在教育技術(shù)中的應(yīng)用、優(yōu)勢(shì)、挑戰(zhàn)及未來(lái)發(fā)展方向。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“UnliketraditionalAImodelsthatrelyonpreprogrammedanswers,DeepSeekR1usesreinforcement(強(qiáng)化)learningtosimulatehumanreasoning.(與依賴預(yù)編程答案的傳統(tǒng)AI模型不同，DeepSeekR1使用強(qiáng)化學(xué)習(xí)來(lái)模擬人類的推理過(guò)程)”可知，DeepSeekR1與傳統(tǒng)AI模型的區(qū)別在于它使用強(qiáng)化學(xué)習(xí)來(lái)進(jìn)行推理。故選D。2.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞所在的句子“createscustomizedquizzesthatadjustdifficultyaccordingtoindividualprogress(創(chuàng)建定制的測(cè)驗(yàn)，根據(jù)個(gè)人進(jìn)度調(diào)整難度)”可知，DeepSeek能夠創(chuàng)建個(gè)性化的測(cè)驗(yàn)，根據(jù)個(gè)人的進(jìn)度調(diào)整難度，由此可知，adaptive的意思接近于adjustable“可調(diào)節(jié)的”。故選B。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Lookingahead,DeepSeekaimstointegratevirtualreality(VR)intoitsplatform,allowingstudentstoexplorehistoricaleventsorscientificconceptsinimmersive3Denvironments.(展望未來(lái)，DeepSeek計(jì)劃將其平臺(tái)與虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)(VR)技術(shù)整合，讓學(xué)生能夠在沉浸式的3D環(huán)境中探索歷史事件或科學(xué)概念)”可知，展望未來(lái)，DeepSeek旨在將其平臺(tái)與虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)(VR)相結(jié)合，讓學(xué)生在沉浸式的3D環(huán)境中探索歷史事件或科學(xué)概念，由此可推知，VR技術(shù)將增強(qiáng)互動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)。故選A。

4.推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“Withtherapiddevelopmentofartificialintelligence,DeepSeek,aChineseAIpany,hasemergedasapioneerineducationaltechnology.Itslatestmodel,DeepSeekR1,binesadvancedmachinelearningmethodstoprovidepersonalizedlearningsolutionsforstudentsworldwide.(隨著人工智能的迅速發(fā)展，中國(guó)的人工智能公司DeepSeek已成為教育技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的先驅(qū)。其最新模型DeepSeekR1結(jié)合了先進(jìn)的機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)方法，為全球?qū)W生提供個(gè)性化的學(xué)習(xí)解決方案)”可知，全文討論了DeepSeek及其模型DeepSeekR1在教育領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用和變革，探討了AI在教育中的角色及其帶來(lái)的影響。故選C。Passage3[2025廣東省三校高三下學(xué)期2月第一次模擬考試一模]AItechnologyhaslongbeenabletorecognizepatternsinmusicpreferencesandcreatepersonalizedplaylists.Now,anewAIsystemhastakenthisastepfurtherbyanalyzinghowpeoplelistentomusicandidentifyingtheirunique?“l(fā)isteningstyles.”Thisadvancementinthefieldof?“audiometric”analysis