高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1福建省寧德市部分學校2024-2025學年高三下學期開學考試英語試題第一部分聽力(共兩節，滿分30分)第一節(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatdothespeakersneedtobuy?A.Afewchairs. B.Adinnertable. C.Afridge.【答案】A【原文】M:Let’sgotothedepartmentstoretobuysomethingforournewkitchen.W:Whatdoyouthinkweneedtobuy?M:We’vegotafridgeandadinnertablealready.Weneedsomechairs.2.Whatistheman?A.AChineseteacherinaschool.B.AChineseteacherinauniversity.C.AnEnglishteacherinauniversity.【答案】C【原文】W:DoyouteachChineseinamiddleschool?M:No.IteachEnglishinauniversity.W:Oh,IthoughtyouwereaChineseteacher.3.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Inarestaurant. B.Athome. C.Inanoffice.【答案】C【原文】W:OK,timetogohome.M:Ican’t.Ihaven’tfinishedthereportaboutthenewlyopenrestaurant.W:Well,ifyoucarryonworkinglikethat,you’llmakeyourselfill.4.Whatdoesthewomando?A.Adriver. B.Asalesperson. C.Adoctor.【答案】B【原文】M:Hello,ABCmarket?Doyouhaveanyfreshstrawberries?W:CanIputyouonholdwhileIgoandseeifwehaveanyleft?M:Sure.Thanks.5.Whatwasthemandoingwhentheaccidenttookplace?A.Hewasridinghisbike.B.Hewasdrivingthecar.C.Hewassittingonthebus.【答案】A【原文】W:Iheardyouhadacaraccident,John.AreyouOK?M:Actually,Iwasridingmybike.Abuspulledoutinfrontofme.W:Ohmydear!It’sagoodthinghestoppedintime.M:Yes,fortunatelyhedid,butIfelloffmybikeinshockandhurtmyankle.第二節(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。6.Whatdoesthewomanadvisetheboytodo?A.Havearestathome.B.Gotothenearestclinic.C.Callthedoctorrightaway.7.Whydoestheboyrefusetoseethedoctortoday?A.Hedislikesseeingdoctors.B.Hewantstotakethetest.C.Hedidn’tmaketheappointment.【答案】6.A7.B【原文】M:Mum,Idon’tfeeltoowelltoday.W:Oh,dear.Tellmewhatiswrong.M:Ihaveadrythroatandmyheadhurts.W:Youmusthaveacold.Yourheadfeelshot.Ithinkyouhadbetterstayhomefromschooltoday,andIwillmakeanappointmentwithDrWhite.Hisclinicisnearourhome.M:Oh,no!I’mafraidIhavenotimetoseethedoctor.Ihaveanimportanttesttoday.Ican’tmissit,Mum.AndtomorrowisSaturday.Ipromisetogotomorrow.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。8.What’stheman’smajor?A.French. B.Chinese. C.English.9.Whichisarequirementforthisjob?A.Studyingabroad.B.Workingwithchildren.C.Workinginatrainingcenter.10.Whenwillthemanbeoffwork?A.OnMondays. B.OnSaturdays. C.OnSundays.【答案】8.C9.B10.A【原文】M:Hi,I’mAlbert.Ireadinthenewspaperthatyou’relookingforalanguageassistant.W:Yes,weare.What’syourmajor?M:I’mstudyingEnglishandI’llgraduatenextsummer.W:OK.Haveyoueverworkedwithchildrenbefore?M:Yes.Ionceworkedpart-timeinalanguagetrainingcenter.Iloveworkingwithchildren.W:Good.Ifyoudecidetotakethejob,I’llexplainwhattodo.M:HowmanyhourswouldIwork?W:12hoursaweek.From4pmto6pm,TuesdaythroughSunday.M:OK,I’lltakethejob.W:Fine.Pleasefilloutthisform.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。11.Whatdoesthebandcareabout?A.Theschool. B.Theenvironment. C.Thesociety.12.Whoplaysthekeyboardintheband?A.Lucy. B.Alice. C.Ivan.13.What’sthewoman’sattitudetojoiningtheband?A.Positive. B.Uncertain. C.Indifferent.【答案】11.B12.C13.A【原文】W:Ihearyou’restartingaband,Ben.M:That’sright.TheGreenGuards—that’sourname.W:Howdidyouchoosethatname?M:Well,itwasIvan’ssisterAlicewhocameupwithit.Shesaidweshouldchoosesomethingenvironmentaltoshowthatwecareabouttheenvironment.Andwearegoingtowritesomesongsabouttheenvironment.W:IguessyousingandIvanplaystheguitar.M:No,Ivanisn’tplayingtheguitaranymore.Heprefersthekeyboard.W:Whoelseisintheband?M:ThereisLucyandshe’sreallycool.Butwedidn’thaveaviolinist.Isupposeifweknowsomeonewhoplaystheviolin,wewillbeinterested.Doyouknowsomeone?W:Yes,me!Ihavebeenplayingtheviolinforhalfayear.M:OK.Comealongtoournextpractice.It’safterschoolonWednesdayinthemusicroom.W:Cool!I’llbethere.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。14.WhatkindofpersonisSusan?A.Shy. B.Unfriendly. C.Outgoing.15.HowisAnnagettingalongwithSusan?A.Justokay. B.Ratherbadly. C.Verywell.16.Whatdoesthemanplantodo?A.PlaywithAnna.B.MakeSusanfeelproud.C.TrytogetonwithSusan.【答案】14.A15.C16.C【原文】M:Anna,doyouknowSusan?W:Yeah,Iknowher.Wehadafewclassestogetherlastterm.Whydoyouask?M:Idon’tthinkshelikesme.Sheseemskindofproud.Shenevertalkstome.W:Oh,I’msureshelikesyou.Iusedtothinkshedidn’tlikeme,too.M:Really?W:Yeah.Ithoughtshewasunfriendly,butitturnsoutthatsheisactuallyjustnotoutgoing.Sheisonthequietside,butsheisveryhumorous.M:Sowhatyou’resayingisthatyoureallylikeher.W:Yeah,Ido.Onceshefeltcomfortablewithme,sheopenedup.Wegetalonggreatnow.M:That’sgoodtoknow.I’lltryalittlehardertotalktoher.W:It’sgreat.I’msureyouwillbegoodfriends.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。17.Howlongwilltheexhibitionbeheld?A.Abouthalfamonth.B.Aboutonemonth.C.Abouttwomonths.18.Whatwillbeondisplayintheexhibition?A.Footballs. B.Clothes. C.Oilpaintings.19.WhatisLowry?A.Astudent. B.Anartist. C.Aticketseller.20.Whatisamustforastudenttobuytheticket?A.Astudentcard. B.Atelephone. C.Somerecentworks.【答案】17.B18.C19.B20.A【原文】M:Hello,everyone.Goodnewsforourstudentswhoareinterestedinarts.There’sanexhibitionfromNovember15toDecember16,9amto7pm,butitclosesonMondaysduringthetime.Some30oilpaintingsonpaperbyBritishartist,L.S.Lowry,willbeondisplayattheartbuildingofourcollege.It’sthefirst-everexhibitionoftheartist’sworksinourcollege.LowryisoneofBritain’smostfamousartists,andisacloseobserveroftheUK’ssociallife.Hisworksmainlyshowordinarypeopleonstreets,infactories,parksandfootballfields.IthasbeensaidthatthepicturesdrawnbyLowryarefilledwithanatmosphereofsadnessandloneliness,butalsowithrespectandasenseofhumor.Theadmissionisfree,butyouhavetogetaticketwithyourstudentcardatthefrontdeskoftheartbuilding.Ifyouforgettogetit,youcan’tgointoit.Pleasecall025-8349-8693fordetails.Thankyou.第二部分閱讀(共兩節，滿分50分)第一節(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AHereareagroupofeverydaypeoplewhosawproblems,andnowtheirsolutionsaremakingtheworldabetterplace.RonDavisAlvarezRonDavisAlvarez,aproductofVenezuela’sElSistema,aprogramofferingfreeclassicalmusictrainingtodisadvantagedchildren,foundedtheDreamOrchestrainSweden.Thisorchestrabringstogetherover400peoplefrommorethan25nationalities,rangingfrom3to56yearsold,includingimmigrants,refugees,second-generationimmigrants,andnativeSwedes.Alvarez’sinitiativeusesmusicasatoolforintegration,friendship,self-expression,andrebuildingself-esteemamongrefugees.PaytonMcGriffPaytonMcGriff,duringhersenioryearattheUniversityofIdaho,foundedStyleHerEmpowered(SHE)afterrealizingthescoringcostofschooluniformsformanygirlsinTogo.SHEbeganbyhiringlocalseamstressestomakeuniformsfor65girlsandevolvedtocreatea“growing”uniformthatadjuststofitagirlforuptothreeyears.Today,SHEsupports1,500girlsannuallywithfreeuniforms,schoolfees,supplies,tutoring,andmore,whilealsoprovidingemploymentandeducationopportunitiesforthewomeninvolved.RachelRutterImmigrationlawyerRachelRutterrecognizedthemultifacetedneedsofunaccompaniedmigrantchildren,beyondlegalstatus,includingstablehousing,meals,andmentalhealthsupport.Inresponse,sheestablishedProjectLibertad,whichoffersfreelegalrepresentation,essentialservices,andnewcomersupportprogramstoimmigrantyouth.YamiléeToussaintYamiléeToussaintcombinedherloveformathanddancetocreateSTEM(Science,Technology,Engineering,andMathematics)FromDance,anonprofitthatintegratesdancewithSTEMeducationtoengagegirlsofcolor.Recognizingtheunderrepresentationofblackwomeninherengineeringfield,ToussaintaimedtoinspiregirlsofcolorinSTEM.TheprogramoperatesinnineUScities,offeringfreeschoolandsummerprogramsthatblenddanceroutineswithSTEMelements,benefitingover2,000girlstodate.21.WhomaybenefitmostfromDreamOrchestra?A.Famousmusicians.B.ImmigrantstoSweden.C.Disadvantagedchildren.D.Classicalmusiccomposers.22.WhatdidSHEinitiallydoinTogo?A.Itoffereduniformsforgirls.B.Itfundeduniformsandfees.C.Itdesignedteachingmethods.D.Itprovidedhousingandmeals.23.Whocombinesacademiclearningwiththearts?A.RonDavisAlvarez.B.PaytonMcGriff.C.RachelRutter.D.YamiléeToussaint.【答案】21.B22.A23.D【語篇導讀】本文是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了四位普通人的創新努力及其對社會的積極影響。【21題詳析】推理判斷題。根據RonDavisAlvarez部分中“RonDavisAlvarez,aproductofVenezuela’sElSistema,aprogramofferingfreeclassicalmusictrainingtodisadvantagedchildren,foundedtheDreamOrchestrainSweden.Thisorchestrabringstogetherover400peoplefrommorethan25nationalities,rangingfrom3to56yearsold,includingimmigrants,refugees,second-generationimmigrants,andnativeSwedes.(RonDavisAlvarez是委內瑞拉ElSistema項目的受益者，該項目為弱勢兒童提供免費的古典音樂培訓。他在瑞典創立了DreamOrchestra。這個樂團匯集了來自25多個國家的400多人，年齡從3歲到56歲不等，包括移民、難民、第二代移民和瑞典本地人。)”可知，移民到瑞典的人可能從DreamOrchestra中受益。故選B。【22題詳析】細節理解題。根據PaytonMcGriff部分中“PaytonMcGriff,duringhersenioryearattheUniversityofIdaho,foundedStyleHerEmpowered(SHE)afterrealizingthescoringcostofschooluniformsformanygirlsinTogo.SHEbeganbyhiringlocalseamstressestomakeuniformsfor65girlsandevolvedtocreatea“growing”uniformthatadjuststofitagirlforuptothreeyears.(PaytonMcGriff在愛達荷大學讀大四時，意識到多哥許多女孩承擔不起昂貴的校服費用，于是創立了StyleHerEmpowered(簡稱SHE)。SHE最初聘請當地裁縫為65名女孩制作校服，后來發展出一種“可調節”的校服，這種校服可以調整尺寸，適合女孩穿三年。)”可知，SHE在成立之初為多哥的女生制作校服。故選A。【23題詳析】細節理解題。根據YamiléeToussaint部分中“YamiléeToussaintcombinedherloveformathanddancetocreateSTEM(Science,Technology,Engineering,andMathematics)FromDance,anonprofitthatintegratesdancewithSTEMeducationtoengagegirlsofcolor.(YamiléeToussaint將她對數學和舞蹈的熱愛結合起來，創建了STEMFromDance非營利組織，該組織將舞蹈與STEM教育相結合，吸引有色人種女孩參與。)”可知，YamiléeToussaint將學術學習與藝術融為一體。故選D。BFromScotlandtoCornwall,anorganic,regenerativecollectiveoftheUKfarmersislookingtopairupwithsustainablebusinessesthatneedaccesstolandandtools.PitchUp!wasfoundedin2021byTimMay,ofKingsclereEstatesfarminHampshire.Itoffersland,resourcesandexpertisetobusinesseswithbigideasforsustainableprojects—inotherwords,“nogear(設備),alltheideas”.Theideaistoreplicatenature’s“closedloop”system,withwastebeingreusedtocreateathrivingcircularfarmingcommunity.“Ourgoalistohaveadiversemixofenterprisesalloperatingofftheland—usingeachother’sby-productsorwaste,andsharingknowledge,equipmentandexperience,”saysMay.“Naturethrivesondiversity;italsofuelseconomicresilience,helpscreateaclosed-loopsystem,andbuildsstrongerruralcommunities.Asfarmers,wehaveanabundanceoflandandnaturalresources,andwewanttosharethoseresourcesandbringmorepeopleontotheland.”PitchUp!hasalreadyhelpedtolaunchahandfulofbusinesses.BalcaskieEstatecovers2,000hectaresoflandinFife,Scotland,andhashostedmarkets,abutchery,andpopupsbyScotlandTheBread,anorganisationthatworkstogetmorepeopleeatingbetterbread.RosieJack,Balcaskie’sbusinessdevelopmentmanager,says,“Weknowthatthere’sarealdemandforrurallandsoourmessageis,‘Wehaveland,comeanduseit!’Wereallydowelcomeapproachesfrombusinessesofallshapesandsizes.”Thisyear,thePitchUp!farmingcollectiveiskeentohearfromentrepreneurswhowanttousepastureland,organicmilk,oatsandgrain,animalhides,woad,woolandevenhedgerowsforforaging.“Wearelookingforsustainablebusinessesatallstagesofthebusinesslifecycle,butparticularlythosethathaveanideaofhowtheycanfitintothecircularsystemsinplaceataPitchUp!farm,”saysMay.“Itmightbeacheesemakerforexample,whocanaddvaluebyusingtheorganicmilkfromthemobiledairybusinesshere.”24.WhatdoesPitchUp!offertosustainablebusinesses?A.Organicfood. B.Farmingresources.C.Moneyandstaff. D.Toolsandworkers.25.What’sMay’svisionforPitchUp!?A.Asinglebigcompany.B.Morelandforfarming.C.Onlyeco-friendlyfarms.D.Variousbusinessesworkingtogether.26.WhywasBalcaskieEstatementionedinthetext?A.Forsellingland.B.Duetoprogramfailure.C.Forbreadpromotion.D.AsasuccessfulcaseofPitchUp!27.WhatdoesMaywanttoconveyinthelastparagraph?A.Cooperationexpectation.B.Theimportanceofcircularsystems.C.Ademandforacheesemaker.D.ValueofPitchUp!【答案】24.B25.D26.D27.A【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了英國一個名為PitchUp!的有機再生農業集體，它為可持續發展企業提供土地等資源，旨在打造多元化合作的循環農業社區，并已取得一定成果。【24題詳析】細節理解題。根據第一段中“FromScotlandtoCornwall,anorganic,regenerativecollectiveoftheUKfarmersislookingtopairupwithsustainablebusinessesthatneedaccesstolandandtools.PitchUp!wasfoundedin2021byTimMay,ofKingsclereEstatesfarminHampshire.Itoffersland,resourcesandexpertisetobusinesseswithbigideasforsustainableprojects—inotherwords,‘nogear,alltheideas’.(從蘇格蘭到康沃爾，一個由英國農民組成的有機、可再生的集體正在尋求與需要土地和工具的可持續企業合作。PitchUp!由漢普郡kingsereEstates農場的蒂姆·梅于2021年創立。它為那些對可持續項目有宏大想法的企業提供土地、資源和專業知識——換句話說，‘沒有設備，只有想法’)”可知，PitchUp!為可持續發展企業提供農業資源。故選B項。【25題詳析】細節理解題。根據第二段中May的話“Ourgoalistohaveadiversemixofenterprisesalloperatingofftheland—usingeachother’sbyproductsorwaste,andsharingknowledge,equipmentandexperience(我們的目標是讓各種各樣的企業都在這片土地上運營——利用彼此的副產品或廢棄物，分享知識、設備和經驗)”可知，May對PitchUp!的愿景是讓各種企業共同合作。故選D項。【26題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第三段“PitchUp!hasalreadyhelpedtolaunchahandfulofbusinesses.BalcaskieEstatecovers2,hectaresoflandinFife,Scotland,andhashostedmarkets,abutchery,andpopupsbyScotlandTheBread,anorganisationthatworkstogetmorepeopleeatingbetterbread.(PitchUp!已經幫助創辦了一些企業。BalcaskieEstate位于蘇格蘭法夫郡，占地2公頃，這里舉辦過市場活動、有一家肉鋪，還有致力于讓更多人吃上優質面包的組織ScotlandTheBread舉辦的快閃活動)”可知，提到BalcaskieEstate是作為PitchUp!成功幫助企業發展的一個案例。故選D項。【27題詳析】推理判斷題。根據最后一段中May的話“Wearelookingforsustainablebusinessesatallstagesofthebusinesslifecycle,butparticularlythosethathaveanideaofhowtheycanfitintothecircularsystemsinplaceataPitchUp!farm(我們正在尋找處于企業生命周期各個階段的可持續發展企業，特別是那些知道如何融入PitchUp!農場現有循環系統的企業)”可推知，May在傳達對合作的期待。故選A項。CScientistshavefoundatrigger(誘因)forsociallearninginwildanimals.Anexperimentongreattits(大山雀)haspinpointedasinglefactor—immigration—thatcancausebirdstopaycloseattentiontoothers,leadingthemtorapidlyadoptusefulbehaviors.Thestudy,conductedbyscientistsfromtheMaxPlanckInstituteofAnimalBehavior(MPI-AB)inGermany,isthefirsttoprovideexperimentalsupportofalong-heldassumptionthatimmigrantsshouldstrategicallyusesociallearning.Bycopyingthebehaviorsofothers,animalscanpotentiallyunlockresources.SoChimento,apostdoctoralresearcherattheMPI-AB,wantedtoknowiftherewasaningredientthatwouldboostsociallearning,allowinganimalstomoreefficientlyrealizeitsrewards.Usinganautomatedpuzzleboxsystemtheydeveloped,theteamdesignedanexperimenttotestthisimmigrationhypothesis.Theycreatedexperimentalsocialgroupsofwild-caughtgreattits.Eachgroupwasprovidedwitha“tutor”whichwastrainedtoaccessfoodfromapuzzleboxbyeitherpushingthedoorleftorright,sothattheirflockmateslearnedtopreferusingonesolutionoveranother.Nextcametheimmigrationevent.Right-pushingbirdsweretransferredintoaviarieswhereresidentbirdswereusingtheleft-handsolution,andviceversa(反之亦然).Notonlydidimmigrantsseethatresidentswereopeningthepuzzleboxinanewway,butinsomegroups,thenewcomersalsodiscoveredthatresidentsscoredasuperiorrewardbydoingso.What’simportantisthattheimmigrantswereblindtothefactthatthefoodrewardhadchanged.Immigrantscouldonlyknowsomethingchangedbyeitherwatchingtheresidentsusethepuzzle,orbytryingtheothersidethemselves.“Innature,animalsareoftenmovingfromoneenvironmenttoanother,soit’shelpfultohaveastrategytoremovebadbehaviorsandlearngoodbehaviorstouseinthenewplace.Ourstudyprovidedtheexperimentalevidencetoshowthatthisisalsowhathappensinreallife,”Chimentosaid.28.Whichofthefollowingmightmakegreattitscopyothers?A.Findingshelters. B.Movingplaces.C.Losingdirection. D.Makingfriends.29.Whatisthe“tutor”’sroleintheexperiment?A.Toprovidefood. B.Toassessbehaviors.C.Tomodelabehavior. D.Tomeasureintelligence.30.Whatdidtheexperimentrevealabouttheimmigrants?A.Theyignoredtheresidents’methods.B.Theyknewtherewardchangeinadvance.C.Theyobservedboththemethodandrewards.D.Theywereindifferenttotheresidents’behaviors.31.Howcansociallearningbenefitimmigrants?A.Byavoidinghuntersinthenewarea.B.Byfindingmorefoodandwaterresources.C.Byincreasingcompetitionwithotheranimals.D.Byhelpingthemadaptmorequicklytonewenvironments.【答案】28.B29.C30.C31.D【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了通過實驗發現，大山雀在移民到新環境時會通過觀察和模仿當地鳥類行為，快速學習并適應新環境中的有效覓食策略，這為動物社會學習理論提供了實驗證據。【28題詳析】細節理解題。根據第一段中“Anexperimentongreattits(大山雀)haspinpointedasinglefactor—immigration—thatcancausebirdstopaycloseattentiontoothers,leadingthemtorapidlyadoptusefulbehaviors.(對大山雀進行的一項實驗準確地指出了一個單一因素——移民——這一因素能讓鳥類更加關注其他個體，從而迅速采用有用的行為)”可知，遷移可以讓鳥類密切關注其他鳥類，從而讓它們迅速采取有用的行動，即模仿其他鳥類的行為，也就是說大山雀會因為遷徙這一因素而去模仿其他鳥類。故選B。【29題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第三段中“Theycreatedexperimentalsocialgroupsofwild-caughtgreattits.Eachgroupwasprovidedwitha“tutor”whichwastrainedtoaccessfoodfromapuzzleboxbyeitherpushingthedoorleftorright,sothattheirflockmateslearnedtopreferusingonesolutionoveranother.(他們創建了由野生捕獲的大山雀組成的實驗性社交小組。每個小組都配備了一位“導師”，這些導師被訓練通過向左或向右推門來從謎箱中獲取食物，從而使它們的群體伙伴學會更傾向于使用某一種解決方案)”可知，“導師”是經過訓練以特定方式打開謎箱獲取食物的鳥，目的是讓它們的群體伙伴學習并偏好使用某一種解決方案，由此可知，“導師”的角色是示范行為。故選C。【30題詳析】細節理解題。根據第四段最后一句“Notonlydidimmigrantsseethatresidentswereopeningthepuzzleboxinanewway,butinsomegroups,thenewcomersalsodiscoveredthatresidentsscoredasuperiorrewardbydoingso.(遷移過來的大山雀不僅看到大鳥籠里的大山雀用新的方式打開謎盒，而且在一些小組中，遷移過來的大山雀還發現大鳥籠里的大山雀這樣做會獲得更高的獎勵)”可知，這些遷移過來的大山雀觀察到的既有打開謎盒的方法又有打開謎盒的獎勵。故選C。【31題詳析】推理判斷題。根據最后一段““Innature,animalsareoftenmovingfromoneenvironmenttoanother,soit’shelpfultohaveastrategytoremovebadbehaviorsandlearngoodbehaviorstouseinthenewplace.Ourstudyprovidedtheexperimentalevidencetoshowthatthisisalsowhathappensinreallife,”Chimentosaid.(“在自然界中，動物經常從一個環境遷移到另一個環境，因此有一套策略來摒棄不良行為并學習可以在新環境中使用的好行為是非常有幫助的。我們的研究提供了實驗證據，表明這實際上也是現實生活中發生的情況，”Chimento說道)”可知，社會學習可以幫助新來的動物更快地適應新環境，去除不良行為并學習好的行為，即社會學習有利于遷移者更快地適應新環境。故選D。DMoretimespentsitting,recliningorlyingdownduringthedaymayincreasetheriskofcardiovascular(心血管的)disease(CVD)anddeath,accordingtoastudyintheJournaloftheAmericanCollegeofCardiology.Morethanroughly10-and-a-halfhoursofsedentary(久坐的)behaviorperdaywassignificantlylinkedwithfutureheartfailure(HF)andCVDdeath,evenamongpeoplemeetingrecommendedlevelsofexercise.“Ourfindingssupportcuttingbackonsedentarytimetoreducecardiovascularrisk,with10.5hoursadaymarkingapotentiallykeythresholdtiedtohigherheartfailureandcardiovascularmortality,”saidShaanKhurshid,MD,MPH,acardiologistattheMassachusettsGeneralHospital.“Toomuchsittingorlyingdowncanbeharmfulforhearthealth,evenforthosewhoareactive.”ThisstudyexaminedtheamountofsedentarytimeatwhichCVDriskisgreatestandexploredhowsedentarybehaviorandphysicalactivitytogetherimpactthechancesofatrialfibrillation(心房顫動)(AF),HF,myocardialinfarction(心肌梗死)(MI)andCVDdeath.Amongthe89,530studyparticipantsoftheUKBiobank,participantssubmitteddatafromawrist-worntriaxialaccelerometerthatcapturedmovementoversevendays.Theaveragesedentarytimeperdaywas9.4hours.Afteranaveragefollow-upofeightyears,3,638individualsdevelopedincidentAF;1,854developedincidentHF;1,610developedindecentMI;846diedofCVDcauses.Forstudyparticipantswhomettherecommended150minutesofmoderate-to-vigorousphysicalactivityormore,theeffectsofsedentarybehavioronAFandMIrisksweresubstantiallyreduced,buteffectsonhigherriskofHFandCVDmortalityremainedprominent.“Thisstudyaddstothegrowingevidenceofastronglinkbetweensedentarybehaviorandcardiovascularhealth,”saidKhurshid.“Thefindingsstronglysuggestthatweneedtogetpeoplemovingtopromotebetterhealth.Futureguidelinesandpublichealtheffortsshouldstresstheimportanceofcuttingdownonsedentarytime.Avoidingmorethan10.6hoursperdaymaybearealisticminimaltargetforbetterhearthealth.”32.Whatriskdoesthestudymentionforthosewhositmore?A.Obesity. B.Recognitionloss.C.Heartproblems. D.Physicaldisability.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“threshold”meaninparagraph2?A.Dimension. B.Limitation.C.Reputation. D.Discipline.34.WhatdoesKhurshidthinkofthecurrentguidelines?A.Theyneedimproving.B.Theyareofnomeaning.C.Theystressphysicalactivity.D.Theycutdownsedentarytime.35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ActiveLifestylesProtectAgainstSedentaryRisksB.SedentaryBehaviorsUnder10.5HoursAreSafeforHeartC.ExerciseAloneFailstoFightAgainstHeartDiseaseRisksD.SedentaryLifestylesThreatenHeartHealthDespiteExercise【答案】32.C33.B34.A35.D【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項研究，研究表明每天久坐超過大約10.5小時會顯著增加患心血管疾病和死亡的風險，即使有運動習慣也不能完全抵消這一影響。【32題詳析】細節理解題。根據第一段“Moretimespentsitting,recliningorlyingdownduringthedaymayincreasetheriskofcardiovascular(心血管的)disease(CVD)anddeath,accordingtoastudyintheJournaloftheAmericanCollegeofCardiology.Morethanroughly10-and-a-halfhoursofsedentary(久坐的)behaviorperdaywassignificantlylinkedwithfutureheartfailure(HF)andCVDdeath,evenamongpeoplemeetingrecommendedlevelsofexercise.(根據《美國心臟病學會雜志》上的一項研究，白天花費更多時間坐著、躺著或倚靠可能會增加患心血管疾病（CVD）和死亡的風險。即使達到建議的運動量，每天久坐行為超過大約10個半小時也與未來心力衰竭（HF）和心血管死亡風險顯著增加有關。)”可知，人們坐得久了會有心臟方面的問題。故選C。【33題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據第二段中“Ourfindingssupportcuttingbackonsedentarytimetoreducecardiovascularrisk,with10.5hoursadaymarkingapotentiallykeythresholdtiedtohigherheartfailureandcardiovascularmortality(我們的研究結果表明，減少久坐時間可以降低心血管風險，每天久坐10.5小時是一個可能的關鍵threshold，與心力衰竭和心血管死亡率升高有關。久坐或久躺對心臟健康有害，即使對于那些活躍的人來說也是如此。)”可知，每天10.5小時是一個潛在的關鍵閾值，久坐超過這個時間限度會導致出現心力衰竭和死于心血管疾病的風險上升。因此，10.5小時是一個界限，threshold的意思是“界限，限度”，與選項B“Limitation(限度)”意思相符。故選B。【34題詳析】推理判斷題。根據最后一段中“Thefindingsstronglysuggestthatweneedtogetpeoplemovingtopromotebetterhealth.Futureguidelinesandpublichealtheffortsshouldstresstheimportanceofcuttingdownonsedentarytime.Avoidingmorethan10.6hoursperdaymaybearealisticminimaltargetforbetterhearthealth.(研究結果強烈表明，我們需要讓人們動起來以促進更好的健康。未來的指南和公共衛生工作應強調減少久坐時間的重要性。為了避免對心臟健康產生不良影響，每天久坐時間不超過10.6小時可能是一個切實可行的最低目標。)”可知，Khurshid認為未來的指導準則和公共衛生工作應強調減少久坐時間的重要性。這意味著當前的指導準則需要改進。故選A。【35題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章第一段“Moretimespentsitting,recliningorlyingdownduringthedaymayincreasetheriskofcardiovascular(心血管的)disease(CVD)anddeath,accordingtoastudyintheJournaloftheAmericanCollegeofCardiology.Morethanroughly10-and-a-halfhoursofsedentary(久坐的)behaviorperdaywassignificantlylinkedwithfutureheartfailure(HF)andCVDdeath,evenamongpeoplemeetingrecommendedlevelsofexercise.(根據《美國心臟病學會雜志》上的一項研究，白天花費更多時間坐著、躺著或倚靠可能會增加患心血管疾病（CVD）和死亡的風險。即使達到建議的運動量，每天久坐行為超過大約10個半小時也與未來心力衰竭（HF）和心血管死亡風險顯著增加有關。)”可知，文章主要介紹了一項研究，研究表明每天久坐超過大約10.5小時會顯著增加患心血管疾病和死亡的風險，即使有運動習慣也不能完全抵消這一影響。選項D“SedentaryLifestylesThreatenHeartHealthDespiteExercise(久坐的生活方式即使加上運動也對心臟健康構成威脅)”符合題意。故選D。第二節(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Nutritioniscomplexinnature,andthiscomplexityisoftenusedtopromoteideasthatsimplyaren’ttrue.Unqualifiedadvicecanbeharmfulandfilledwithmisinformation—especiallyonsocialmedia.____36____.Myth1:SkippingmealswillhelpyouloseweightquickerActually,theoppositemaybetrue.Whenyouskipmeals,yourbodyenters“fastingmode”whichcanslowdownyourmetabolism(新陳代謝)toconserveenergy.____37____,makingiteasiertostoreenergyasfat,ratherthanburningit.Tosupportweightloss,it’sbettertoeatthreetofoursmallandbalancedmealsaday.Myth2:Youneedtoeatproteinimmediatelyafteraworkout____38____.Ifyou’reexercisinghard,youmayneedtoincreaseyouroverallfoodintaketomeetyouradditionalenergyrequirements(ifyou’renotlookingtoloseweight,ofcourse).Researchshowsthatthebesttimeformusclerepairandnutrientabsorptioncanlastforuptosixhourspost-exercise.Ifyoufocusonproperrecoveryinsteadoffoodintake,you’llbouncebackfasterandbeabletotrainharderinyournextsession.Myth3:____39____Eatinglateatnightwon’tautomaticallyleadtoweightgain,whichdependsonyouroverallcaloriebalance.However,it’snotagoodideatoeattoomuchbeforebedbecauseyourdigestionmaystruggleifyouliedownwithafullstomach.Besides,ourmetabolicrateistypicallyfasterinthemorningandslowerintheevening.Ideally,it’srecommendedthatwespreadfoodintakethroughouttheday.____40____.Keepinmindthatthebestdietistheonethatpromotesvarietyinnutrients,addsenjoyment,andcaneasilybesustained.A.Don’teattoomuchatnightB.EatingbeforebedwillmakeyougainweightC.YouneedtoburnmorecaloriestoprocessitD.Aslowermetabolismmeansthatyou’renotburningenergyefficientlyE.Contrarytooldbeliefs,youdon’tneedtotakeinproteinrightafterexercisingF.Readontosortfactfrom