第07講閱讀理解

目錄

新知導航：熟悉題型、掌握知識脈絡

基礎知識：知識點全面梳理，掌握必備

?重點記憶：關鍵點快速記憶，提升能力

Q小試牛刀：考點剖析+過關檢測，合理應用

SIS??

先看問題，再讀文章

抓住廣告的標題

逐項比較，得出裝佳

吃透文章文章大意和中心思想

的讀理解

理解文中具體信息

題過程

IR根據上下文語境，準確推斷生詞的詞義

作出簡單判斷和推理

準確把握作者的意圖、觀點和態度

閱讀理解是高考試題中的重頭戲，因此閱讀理解試題的分數的得失成為高考英語成敗的關鍵。任何一

位作者都會有自己的寫作意圖，任何一篇文章都會有自己的中心主旨，而能否明晰作者的寫作意圖，能否

把握文章的主旨，是理解一篇文章的關鍵，也是閱讀水平高低的體現。為了考察考生對文章的理解程度和

閱讀水平，出題者必然會以各種方式對作者的寫作意圖與文章的主旨要義進行考察。一般來說，文章的主

旨經常會被表述在文章的首尾中，首尾既包括文章的首段尾段，又包括每一段的段首句和段尾句。要想快

速把握文章中心，文本之首尾段和各段之首尾句是最佳切入點，因此高一的同學們應格外注意英語閱讀理

解的理解和應用，注意其解題過程。

1.先看問題，再讀文章

做閱讀理解是先看問題，還是先看文章，這是很多同學經常問的問題。我覺得這兩種方法各有利弊,

應視具體情況而定。就閱讀廣告而言，還是先看問題比較好，因為廣告類的試題絕大部分是尋找信息的

題目，大可不必從頭讀到尾，帶著問題有針對性地去跳讀、略讀，這樣就可以節約不少時間。

2.抓住廣告的標題

如果廣告有標題，大標題下又有小標題，那么，快速尋找原文信息時，這些標題就成了很重要的線

索，可以幫助我們快速準確地找到答案。有些題目考查的就是對廣告標題的理解。

3.逐項比較，得出最佳

做閱讀理解題，切不可憑主觀印象，想當然地確定答案。任何一道題目，均可以在原文中找到相關

線索，這就如同破譯密碼一樣。做題人的思維過程和編題人的思維過程恰好相反，編題人先找好線索，

然后設計問題和選項，解題人根據問題，再去文中找相關線索。因此，我們做題時要逐項比較，排除錯

誤選項，得出最佳答案。

4.吃透文章文章大意和中心思想

任何一篇文章都會有一個主旨和中心。有時從文章的第一個段落，甚至第一個句子即可得出文章的

主旨大意，從這一段或這個句子，我們就會知道文章描述的是什么（即文章的主題），也會了解作者希望

讀者了解主題方面的哪些內容。有時，文章的主旨要義則需從文章的字里行間去濃縮去推斷。這類試題

主要考查考生略讀文章、領會駕馭大意的能力，它對考生的歸納、概括能力有一定的要求。

5.理解文中具體信息

文章主題和中心思想的闡述往往需要大量細節信息的支持，這些細節對于理解全文內容至關重要，

同時也是歸納和概括文章中心思想的基礎。命題人員往往會要求考生根據不同的要求，閱讀文章以獲得

某些特定的信息或準確地尋求所需的細節。這類試題有時比較直接，理解字面意思即可答題；有時則較

為間接，需要歸納、概括和推理才能答題。

6.根據上下文語境，準確推斷生詞的詞義

正確理解文章中單詞或短語的含義是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基礎，不懂單詞含義根本

就談不上理解文章。但英語單詞的含義并非完全等同于詞典中所標注的漢語意思，其含義隨不同的語境

會有所不同。能根據上下文正確理解靈活變化的詞義，才算是真正初步具備了一定的閱讀理解能力。此

外，閱讀文章時，常常會遇到一些過去未見過的詞，但許多這類生詞的詞義可以通過上下文推斷出來。

這種不使用詞典而通過閱讀上下文來推斷生詞含義的能力，是一個合格的讀者所必須具備的能力，因此

也是閱讀測試中經常檢測的一種能力。

7.作出簡單判斷和推理

閱讀文章的主要目的是獲取信息，即作者所要傳達的信息。在實際的閱讀活動中，有時需要根據文

章提供的事實和線索，進行邏輯推理，推測作者未提到的事實或某事發生的可能性等。

8.準確把握作者的意圖、觀點和態度

每篇文章都有一個特定的寫作目的，或是向讀者傳遞某個信息，或是愉悅讀者，或是講授某個道理。

而這些信息通常并不是明確表達出來，而是隱含在文章之中。因此，這類問題要求考生在理解文章總體

內容的基礎上，去領會作者的言外之意。”

對英語閱讀能力的考查是英語高考的重中之重，除閱讀理解題外，其他各種題型從單項填空到書面

表達尤其是完形填空和短文該錯都與我們的英語閱讀能力有密切的關系。難怪有的教師在分析高考英語

試卷時得出這樣的結論“得閱讀者得天下”。

國國圓回

細節理解題

1.直接信息題

★解題方略

①認真閱讀題干，根據關鍵詞明確答題方向

②運用略讀及查讀技巧迅速找到文中與問題相關的信息

③仔細比較所給選項，與原文信息對應，鎖定正確選項

設題方式

①When/Wheredidthestoryhappen?

②Whichofthefollowingstatementsis(not)correct/wrong/false?

③Whichofthefollowingstatementsis(not)mentioned/includedinthepassage?

?WhowouldmostprobablyenterforTakeaview?

⑤Allthestatementsaretrueexcept.

?WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabout?

?Whichofthemaps/diagramsshowstherightpositionof...?

2.間接信息題

★解題方略

①閱讀題干，有針對性地掃讀原文，鎖定相關詞句等信息

②仔細比較選項和原文信息，選擇正確或最佳的答案

③準確理解每個選項的意思，尋找與原文信息相關的同義詞，近義詞或反義詞

設題方式

①Whichistherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage?

@Bythefirstsentenceofthepassage,theauthormeansthat...?

③What'stherightorderoftheeventsrelatedto...?

④Inthepassage,theauthorstatesthat...

⑤Whatwasthereasonfor...?

⑥Whatcanwelearnaboutthepetlizard...?

3.數字計算題

★解題方略

①明確題干要求，鎖定原文相關信息

②對相關信息和數字進行分析和理解

③利用加、減、乘、除等運算方法進行計算，確定答案

設題方式

①Whichnumbershouldyoucallifyouwanttoworkwiththeelderly?

②Howmany/Howmuch...?

推理判斷題

1.隱含與預測推斷

★解題方略

①鎖定題干中infer,conclude,suggest,imply,indicate,assume等詞，明確答題方向

②根據語篇，對事件可能產生的結局或下段可能涉及的內容等進行推理

③瀏覽四個選項，首先排除與原文信息一樣的選項

④立足原文，結合語境和常識，在字面意義的基礎上進行合乎邏輯的推斷

設題方式

①Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat.

?Accordingto...,wecaninferthat.

③Thestoryimpliesthat.

?Comparedwithothersimilarproducts,thenewdesign.

⑤Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat.

⑥Thepassage/writer/authorindicates/suggests/impliesthat.

⑦Wecaninferfromthe(first/last)passagethat.

⑧Theunderlinedsentenceindicatesthat.

?Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

2.文章出處題

★解題方略

①原則：從文章的內容或結構判斷起出處

②方法對號入座一報紙：前面常會出現日期、地點或通訊社名稱

廣告：格式特殊，容易辨認

產品說明：常含有操作方式、使用方法等

網頁：常還有網頁的典型用語

設題方式

①Thetextismostlikelytobetakenfrom.

②Wherecanwemostprobablyreadthistext?

③Thepassageislikelytoappearin.

?Whereisthepassagemostlikelytohavebeentakenfrom?

⑤Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?

?Wherecanthetextbefound?

3.觀點態度題——關鍵詞句法

★解題方略

①選項常用詞匯一subjective/objective/neutral/indifferent/unclearpositive/approval/optimistic/

hopefulnegative/disapproval/critical/pessimistic/doubtful/skeptical

②關鍵詞句法——全面理解文章的內容和中心思想抓住體現人物觀點態度的關鍵句或列舉的事例注

意流露作者思想傾向或感情色彩的形容詞、副詞、動詞

設題方式

①Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

②Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthepassage?

③Fromthepassagewecanconcludethat.

（4）Theattitudeoftheauthortowardssomebody/somethingis.

@Theauthor'sattitudetowards...canbebestdescribedas.

@Thetoneofthispassageisbestdescribedas.

?Whatdoestheauthormostlikelywanttotellus?

（8）WhatcanwelearnabouttheauthorsoonafterhemovedtoLondon?

詞句猜測題

1.詞（短語）義猜測題

★解題方略

①依據構詞法猜測詞（短語）義——合成、派生、轉化

②依據反義詞和對比關系猜測詞（短語）義but/yet/however/nevertheless/while/whereas/otherwise/or

else/unlike/instead/ratherthan/bycontrast/comparedto/onthecontrary/ontheotherhand

③依據定義、解釋或同位關系猜測詞（短語）義tobedefinedas/tobecalled/thatistobe/tomean/torefer

to/thatis（tosay）/inotherwords/namely

④依據上下文猜測詞（短語義）——因果關系、同位關系、對比關系、轉折關系

設題方式

?Accordingtothepassage,thewordprobablymeans.

②Theunderlinedwordmeans.

③Whatdoestheword"meaninthesecondparagraph?

?Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedpart?

⑤Asusedinthepassage,thephrase"…"suggests.

@Theword...couldbestbereplacedby.

⑦Theauthorusestheword...tomean.

2.指代猜測題

★解題方略

①方法——宏觀把握——充分把握代詞指代所在的段落或前面段落的整體意義

微觀入手——抓住關鍵詞或關鍵句，理清邏輯關系

②人稱代詞it,they,them,he,she等

③不定代詞something,anything,someone,anyone等

④指示代詞this,that,these,those等

設題方式

Whatdoyouthinktheexpressionstandsfor?

Theword...couldbestbereplacedby.

Inthe...paragraph,theword...means（refersto）.

Accordingtothepassage,...probablymeans.

主旨大意題

1.歸納文章標題

★解題方略

①方法一中心句法——根據文章中心句，提煉主題詞充當文章標題

1=1——當文章的寫作對象特點較多時，常用寫作對象的名稱充當文章的題目

1+1=1將文章的寫作對象和其主要特點、意義或影響整合充當文章的題目

②特點一概括性一抽象、準確、簡短，常用一個短語或一句話

針對性——標題外延恰當，與文章內容相符，避免以偏概全

醒目性一新穎奇特，激發讀者的閱讀興趣

設題方式

①Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassagemightbe.

②Thetext/passagecouldbeentitled.

（3）Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

?Whichofthefollowingwouldbesuitableasatitleforthepassage?

?Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?

@Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

?Themostappropriatetitleofthepassageis.

@Whatisthemainthemeofthepassage?

2.概括文章大意（主旨大意）

★解題方略

①借助段落主題句歸納——常見位置一段首、段中、段末

②借助文章主題段歸納——常見位置一首段（新聞報道、議論文、說明文）、末段（記敘文、議論文）

③借助主題詞歸納一抓住文中出現頻率較高的主題詞，然后對其進行概括和歸納，確定文章的主旨大意

設題方式

①Thispassagechieflydealswith/ismainlyconcernedabout.

②What'sthetopicofthearticle?

③Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?

④Withwhattopicisthepassagechieflyconcerned?

@What'sthemainidea/pointofthepassage?

@Thesubjectdiscussedinthistextis.

?Fromthepassageweknowthat.

?Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?

?Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainidea/themeofthepassage?

?Inthispassagetheauthordiscussesprimarily.

Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageisabout.

3.段落大意題

★解題方略

方法1：概括段落大意

要準確概括某段的大意，務必要知道該段的邏輯結構。如該段是按總分順序組織，首句做總的說明，其他

句子對其進行具體論述，這種結構的主題句就在段首；如果按分總順序組織，主題句就在段尾；如果按分

總分的順序組織，則主題句就在這段話的中間；如果對比各事物，那么它們的共同點或不同點就是該段大

后、o

方法2：揣摩段落大意

有時，作者可能不直接寫出主題句，而是通過各種方法暗示給讀者，這就需要讀者充分發揮想象力與判斷

力，揣摩段落大意。

設題方式

①WhatdoestheauthortellusinParagraph...?

②Themainideaofthesecondparagraphprobablyis.

③Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout.

④WhichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizePara.l?

4.篇章結構題

★解題方略

(1)段落(篇章)論證方式一按照事物發展的順序、按照事件的先后順序、按照人物的活動內容、按照地點和

空間的變換

(2)四步解題法——

①抓文章中心句一重視文章首段和末段

②抓段落中心句——重視段落首句和尾句

③看段間邏輯關系——總分式結構：總—分；總——分——總；分一總對照式結構———正一反

并列式結構——平行關系，相對獨立

④對比選項定答案

設題方式

①Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthispassage?

②Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructure/organizationofthepassage?

③Thesecondparagraphisdevelopedby?

@Thepassageismainlydeveloped/organizedby?

@Howdoestheauthordevelopthepassage?

t_3閱讀理解

Passage1

（2023上?湖北武漢?高二校考階段練習）MarkTwainleftschoolwhenhewastwelve.Hehadlittleschool

education.Inspiteofthis,hebecamethemostfamouswriterofhistime.Hemademillionsofdollarsbywriting.

HisrealnamewasSamuelLanghorneClemens,butheisbetterknownallovertheworldasMarkTwain,hispen

name.

MarkTwainwasbornin1835andhewasnotahealthybaby.Infact,hewasnotexpectedtolivethroughthe

firstwinter.Butwithhismother'stendercare,hemanagedtosurvive.Asaboy,hecausedmuchtroubleforhis

parents.Heusedtoplayjokesonallofhisfriendsandneighbours.Hedidn,tliketogotoschool,andheconstantly

ranawayfromhome.HealwayswentinthedirectionofthenearbyMississippiRiver.Hewasnearlydrownednine

times.

Afterhisfather^deathin1847,MarkTwainbegantoworkforaprinter,whoonlyprovidedhimwithfood

andclothing.Then,heworkedasaprinter,ariver-boatpilotandlaterjoinedthearmy.Butshortlyafterthathe

becameaminer.Duringthisperiod,hestartedtowriteshortstories.Afterwardshebecameafull-timewriter.

In1870,MarkTwaingotmarried.IntheyearsthatfollowedhewrotemanybooksincludingTomSawyerin

1876,andHuckleberryFinnin1884,whichmadehimfamous,andbroughthimagreatfortune.

Unfortunately,MarkTwaingotintodebtsinbadinvestments（投資）andhehadtowritelargenumbersof

storiestopaythesedebts.In1904,hiswifedied,andthenthreeoftheirchildrenpassedaway.

Attheageof70,hishairwascompletelywhite.Heboughtmanywhitesuitsandneckties.Heworenothing

butwhitefromheadtofootuntilhisdeathonApril21,1910.

1.MarkTwainleftschoolat12to.

A.workasaminerB.writestoriesC.jointhearmyD.makealiving

2.WhichofthefollowingaboutMarkTwainisNOTtrue?

A.Hewasnotahealthyboy.B.Hecausedmuchtroubleforhisparents.

C.Hegainedlotsofmoneybywriting.D.Hehadahappychildhoodbutasadlaterlife.

3.broughthimfameandlotsofmoney.

A.HisworksB.Hisinvestments

C.HisprintingD.Hisfamily

4.Thebesttitleofthispassageis.

A.MarkTwain'sWorksB.MarkTwain'sLife

C.MarkTwain'sFameD.MarkTwain'sSuccess

Passage2

（2023上?浙江嘉興?高二校考階段練習）DigitalEtiquette（禮節），ornetiquette,isasetofrulesforhowto

behaveonline.Ifsalotlikelifeetiquette,whichisbasicallyhavinggoodmannersandtreatingotherswithrespect.

Ifsjustasimportantinourdigitallives,includinghowweactinonlinegamesorhowwecommunicateinemails,

texts,instantmessagesandonsocialnetworkingwebsites.Alloftheseplatformsletustalkandshareinstantly

whereverweare.

Unfortunately,somepeoplecanlosecontrolthemomenttheyjumponline.Whentheydisagreewithsomeone,

orhavestrongfeelingsaboutatopic,theyendupsayingstuffthey'dneversayinperson!Theymaysendruder

emailsandIMsortrytostartargumentsonmessageboards.Thafscalledflaming,anditcanleadtofull-onflame

wars,insultingargumentsbetweentwoormoreusers.OntheInternet,it'sprettyeasytostayanonymous,or

unidentified.Havingasecretidentitytohidebehindcanmakepeopleprettybrave.Andwhenalltheyseeofyouis

screennameorafunnyicon,theymightforgetthatthey'redealingwitharealhumanbeing!

Theprincipleissimple:Justlikeinreallife,youshouldtreatotherpeoplethewayyouwanttobetreated.You

wouldn'twantsomebodytoberudetoyou,sodon'tberudetoanyoneelse.

Ofcourse,netiquetteisn'tjustaboutbeingnice;it'salsoaboutcommunicatingclearly.Thatmeanskeeping

emailsandIMsclear,andtothepoint.Italsomeansmakingyourmessageseasytoreadandunderstand,whichcan

dependonyouraudience.Forinstance,someabbreviations（縮略詞）andemoticonsmaybefinewithfriends.But

they5regenerallynotappropriateinformalcommunication.Andwhateveryoudo,don'twriteinallcapitalletters!

Writinginallcapsmakesitseemlikeyou'reyelling.

Lastly,neverpostanythingaboutyourfriendsonablogorasocialnetworkingsiteunlessyouareallowedto.

People'spersonalinformationisprivate,andyoucanreallyruinrelationshipsifyoupostsomethingthatafriendor

afriend'sparentsdon'twantontheweb.AndkeepinmindthattheInternetisnotaprivateplace;ifyouwouldn't

wantaparent,teacherorfutureemployertoseesomethingyoupost,don'tpostit!

5.Accordingtothepassage,theusersofsocialmediaareadvised.

A.tocauseargumentsonmessageboards

B.toapplyabbreviationsandemoticonsasmanyaspossible

C.toberespectfulofothersonlineratherthanoffline

D.tobehaveonlinewithcommonetiquette

6.WhymightananonymousInternetuserfeelboldenoughtosayhorriblethingsinresponsetoablogpost?

A.Becausehecaninsultotherswithoutworryingaboutrevenge

B.Becauseheknowshisfriendswillrecognizehimandthinkbetterofhim.

C.Becausehecanmakemorefriendsifhesaysmeanthings..

D.Becausehecanimpressolder,smarterpeoplewithhisremarks.

7.Whichofthefollowingisthebestwaytotextyouruncletosayyou'llbebackinanhour?

A.btherein60,cu18r!B.BETHEREINANHOUR.SEEYOULATER!

C.Tilbehomeinanhour.Seeyoulater!D.imrunninglatebethereinanhour!

8.Whichofthefollowingisaclearruleaboutpostingphotosonline?

A.Ifyoutakeaphotograph,youcandowhateveryoulikeaboutit.

B.Informationaboutyourfriends,includingphotographs,isprivate.

C.Ifsillegaltopostpicturesonlineifpeopleinthepicturesdon'tlikeit.

D.Youshouldalwaysavoidpostingimagesontheinternet.

Passage3

（2023上?福建泉州?高二校考階段練習）Youngpeople飛careerexpectationshavebecomemoreconcentrated

infeweroccupationsoverthepasttwodecadesthoughsocialmediaandtechnologieslikeArtificialIntelligence（AI）

aredevelopingrapidly,accordingtoareportfromtheOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment

（OECD）.Traditionaloccupationsfromthe19thand20thcenturies,suchaslawyersandpoliceofficers,continueto

traptheimaginationsofyoungpeoplearoundtheworldastheydidnearly20yearsago.

Thereport,basedonalatestsurveyofthe15-year-oldsin41countries,saidthecareerexpectationsof

youngstersmaybe“antiquatedandunrealistic^^.Nearlyhalfofyoungpeoplearoundtheworldwishtoworkinjust

10ofthemostcommonprofessions.Thesurveysshowthattoomanyteenagersareignoring,ordon'tknow,new

typesofjobsthatarecomingup,particularlyasaresultofdigitalization（數字化）.Itisaconcernthatmoreyoung

peoplethanbeforeappeartobepickingtheirdreamjobfromasmalllistofthemostpopular,traditional

occupations,liketeachers,lawyersorbusinessmanagers.

Thereportfoundthatamongboysandgirlswhoperformsimilarlyinscience,boysaremorelikelytoexpectto

workinscienceandengineering.Thetop10occupationspreferredbyboyshavechangedverylittlesince2000but

girlsarenowmorelikelytowanttobearchitects,policeofficers,anddesignersratherthanhairdressersorwriters.

Thereportalsofoundabroaderrangeofcareerexpectationsincountrieswithstrongandfirmoccupational

trainingforteenagers.Forexample,inGermanyteenagersshowamuchwiderrangeofcareerintereststhatbetter

reflectpatternsoflabourmarketdemands.MorethanathirdofstudentsintheUKreportalackofcareeradviceat

schoolsandcolleges.Youngpeople'swishesaresetasyoungasageseven,anddonotchangeenoughovertimeto

meetdemands.

9.Whatarethecareerexpectationsamongyoungpeoplelikeaccordingtothereport?

A.Outdated.B.Uncertain.C.Purposeful.D.Demanding.

10.Howdoestheauthorfeelabouttheyoung?sjobinterest?

A.Puzzled.B.Surprised.C.Satisfied.D.Worried.

11.Whatmeasurecanwidencareerinterestsoftheyouth?

A.Strengtheningthevocationaltrainingforteenagers.

B.Offeringmorenewtypesofoccupationswithhighpay.

C.Advertisingnewtypesofoccupationsonsocialmedia.

D.Enrichingtheoccupationimaginationsofyoungpeople.

12.Whatisthepassagemainlytalkingabout?

A.Newoccupationsforyoungpeople.B.Youngpeople'scareerexpectations.

C.Theoccupationaltrainingfortheyoung.D.Thedifficultdemandsinlabourmarket.

Passage4

（2023上?山東濰坊?高二山東省安丘市第一中學校考階段練習）Morethan3,400yearsaftertwoancient

Egyptianswerelaidtorest,thejarsoffoodleftstillsmellsweet.Ateamofanalyticalchemistsand

archaeologists（考古學家）hasanalysedthesesmellstohelpidentifythejars'contents.Thestudyshowshowthe

explorationofsmellcanenrichourunderstandingofthepast.

The1906discoveryoftheundisturbedtomb（墓穴）ofKhaandMeritsymbolizedanimportantstagein

Egyptology.Thetombremainsthemostcompletenon-royalancientoneeverfoundinEgypt,showingimportant

informationabouthowhigh-rankingindividualsweretreatedafterdeath.

Unusuallyforthetime,thearchaeologistwhodiscoveredthetombresistedthetemptationtoopenthesealed

containersevenaftertheyweresenttotheEgyptianMuseum.Thecontentsofmanyofthesecontainersarestill

unknown,althoughtherearesomeclues,saysanalyticalchemistIlariaDegano."Fromtakingwiththemuseum

keeperweknewthereweresomefruitysmellsinthedisplaycases,"shesays.

Deganoandhercolleaguesplacedvariousartefacts（人工制品）insideplasticbagsforseveraldaystocollect

someofthechemicalsubstancestheyreleased.Thentheteamusedaspecialmachinetoidentifythecomponentsof

thesmellsfromeachartefact.Theyfoundsomechemicalsassociatedwithdriedfish,andsomechemicalscommon

infruits.Thefindingswillfeedintoalargerprojecttoreanalysethetomb'scontentsandproduceamore

comprehensivepictureofburialcustomsfornon-royalsthatexistedwhenKhaandMeritdied,about70years

beforeTutankhamunbecametheEgyptianruler.

Asidefromshowingmoreaboutpastcivilizations,ancientsmellscouldmakemuseumvisitsmoreinviting.

Usually,peopleadmireexhibitswiththeireyesinmuseums."Smellisarelativelyunexploredgatewaytothe

collectivepastformuseumvisitors,9,saysCeciliaBembibreatUniversityCollegeLondon.64Ithasthepotentalto

allowustoexperiencetheinamoreemotional,personalway,throughournose.^^

13.Whatcanwedescribethe1906discoveryofKhaandMerit5tombas?

A.AlandmarkinEgyptology.B.Aturningpointinhumanhistory.

C.Abreakthroughinarchaeology.D.Amirrorofancientnon-royallife.

14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“temptation-meaninparagraph3?

A.Pressure.B.Ambition.C.Desire.D.Tendency.

15.Deganoandhercolleaguesplacedthingsinsideplasticbagsto

A.protectthemfromharmB.gathertheirsmells

C.testthespecialmachineD.backupalargerproject

16.WhatcantheancientsmellsdoformuseumvisitorsaccordingtoBembibre?

A.Theybringthembacktothepast.

B.Theygivethememotionalsupport.

C.Theychangetheirviewoncivilizations.

D.Theyaddtotheirexperience.

Passage5

（2023上?山東?高二校聯考階段練習）MillionsofBritonsareunawarewhatnutrientstheyneedforahealthy

body,withafifthbelievingvitaminC'smainroleistomakeyoumoreintelligent.

Astudyof2,000adultsrevealed37%areunsureofwhatvitaminstheirfamiliesneed,while35%admitthey

don'treallyknowwhatdifferentnutrientsactuallydo.Nearlyathirddon'tconsidervitaminCtobeessentialfora

healthybody,withlessthanhalfawarethatithelpstokeepskinhealthy,while33%areunawareoftheimportance

ofvitaminD,andthesamenumberthinkyoucouldgetitsimplybyeatingorganicfruitorvegetablegrownina

sunnycountry.Asaresult,45%don'tthinktheyaregettingallthevitaminsandmineralstheyneedfromtheirdiets.

Italsofoundthatonlyhalfofparentsareconfidenttheyknowthenutrientstheirchildrenshouldbeconsuming.

MikelleMcCoin,ConsultantDietitianattheGladstoneInstituteofCardiovascularDisease,said,"Humans

needdifferentvitaminsandmineralsfortheirbodytocontinuetofunctionhealthily,butthesecanvarydepending

onyourage.Childrenknownaspickyeatersmaybenefitfromamorecomprehensivevitaminsupplementwhich

includesironandBvitamins,astheseareparticularlyimportantforgrowthanddevelopment.Andwhentheyareat

schoolage,brainfunctionandimmunityarethemostimportantforparents.Astheygrowintoteenagers,their

nutritionalneedsarehighastheyhitgrowthandadolescence.Butevenasanadult,thecomponentsofyourneeds

canchange-especiallyduringpregnancyorasyoureachmiddleageoroldage.”

Thestudyalsofoundlessthanhalfofthosesurveyedconsidermagnesiumtobeanimportantnutrient,with

only40percentawarethatspinach（菠菜）isagoodfoodtoconsumetoboostintake.Andalthoughaquarterview

copperasessential,just29%areawarepartofitsroleistoproduceredandwhitebloodcells.

17.Whichiscorrectaccordingtothesecondparagraph?

A.Halfofadultsdon'tknowtheimportanceofvitaminC.

B.AboutonethirdoftheadultsthinkvitaminDisessential.

C.Mostparentsknowhowtoguaranteetheirkids9nutritionalintake.

D.Alladultsdon'tknowwhatvitaminsarenecessaryfortheirfamilies.

18.WhatdoMikelleMcCoin'swordsmean?

A.Pregnantwomenneedthemostnutrients.

B.Vitaminandmineralrequirementsarethesameforall.

C.Peopleshouldguaranteesuitablenutrientsatvariousphases.

D.Comprehensivevitaminsupplementsarevitalforthemiddleageorold.

19.Howdoestheauthorfeelabouttheoutcome?

A.Confused.B.Uncertain.C.Indifferent.D.Disappointed.

20.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?

A.TorevealBritishdietaryhabits.

B.Tointroducesomestudyfindings.

C.Toencourageorganicfoodconsumption.

D.Toshowwaysofboostingnutrients?intake.

Passage6

（2023上?江蘇蘇州?高二校考階段練習）Whensomeonesetsouttoimprovetheirhealth,theyusuallytakea

familiarpath:startingahealthydiet,adoptinganewworkoutplan,gettingbettersleep,ordrinkingmorewater.

Eachofthesebehaviorsisimportant,ofcourse,buttheyallfocusonphysicalhealthandagrowingbodyof

researchsuggeststhatsocialhealthisjustas,ifnotmore,importanttooverallwell-being.

Arecentstudyfoundthatthestrengthofaperson'ssocialcircle—asmeasuredbycellphoneactivity—wasa

betterpredictorofself-reportedstress,happinessandwell-beinglevelsthanfitnesstrackerdataonphysicalactivity,

heartrateandsleep.Thatfindingsuggeststhatthe"'quantifiedself'presentedbyendlessamountsofhealthdata

doesn'ttellthewholestory,saysstudyco-authorNiteshChawla.

“There'saqualifiedsel￡whichiswhoIam,whatmyactivities,mysocialnetwork,mylifestyle,andmy

enjoymentare.Alloftheseaspectsarenotreflectedinanyofthesemeasurements,Chawlasays."Andtheyare

strongdeterminantsofmywell-being.^^

A2019studysetouttodeterminewhafsdrivingthosehighratesoflonelinessandfoundthatsocialmedia,

whenusedsomuchthatitoccupiedface-to-facequalitytime,wastiedtogreaterloneliness.Genderandincome

didn'tseemtohaveastrongeffect,butlonelinesstendedtodecreasewithage,perhapsbecauseofthewisdomand

perspectiveaffordedbyyearsoflifelived,saysDr.StuartLustig,oneofthereporfsauthors.

Lustigemphasizesthatweshouldusetechnology“toseekoutmeaningfulconnectionsandpeoplethatyouare

abletokeepinyoursocialsphere（范圍）.It'seasyenoughtofindgroupssuchasMeetups,whichregularlyorganize

offlinegatherings,providingmemberswithopportunitiestointeract,share,andparticipateinvariousactivitiesin

reallife.Orthroughsocialmedia,youcanfindplacestogowhereyou511findfolksdoingwhatyouwanttodo.”

Thatadviceisparticularlyimportantforyoungpeople,hesays,forwhomheavysocialmediauseiscommon.

Finally,Lustigstressesthatevensmallsocialchangescanhavealargeimpact.Strikinguppost-meeting

conversationswithco-workers,orevenengaginginmicro-interactionswithstrangers,canmakeyoursociallife

feelmorerewarding.

21.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingparagraph1?

A.Toshowsocialhealthisignoredbysomepeople.

B.Toshowsocialpeopleliketodoworkoutswithothers.

C.Toprovemanypeopletendtofollowsuittoimprovetheirhealth.

D.Toprovemoreandmorepeoplehavebenefitedfromphys