構詞法【歸納】英語構詞法主要有三種：合成、轉化和派生。一、合成合成就是用兩個或兩個以上的詞干結合組成新詞的方法。有的用連字符“”連接，有的直接連寫在一起，還有的由兩個分開的詞構成。如：1.合成名詞名詞+名詞：postman,girlfriend,seaside形容詞+名詞：blackboard,greenhouse名詞+動詞：daybreak,sunrise動詞ing形式+名詞：readingroom,washingmachine名詞+動詞ing形式：handwriting,papermaking其它形式：gobetween,passerby2.合成形容詞名詞+過去分詞：homemade,handmade名詞+形容詞：snowwhite,worldfamous形容詞/數詞+名詞：fulltime,secondhand形容詞+動詞ing形式：goodlooking形容詞+過去分詞：shortsighted,newborn副詞+過去分詞：socalled,newlypublished其它形式：facetoface,evergreen二、轉化轉化是指一個單詞的詞形不經過任何變化而由一種詞性轉化為另一種或幾種詞性。1.動詞轉化為名詞有些詞在轉化過程中詞義變化不大，如：walk(v.行走，散步→n.行走，散步)，swim(v.游泳→n.游泳)。有些動詞轉化為名詞時意義有一定的變化，如：feed(v.喂養→n.飼料)。2.名詞轉化為動詞。如：snow(n.雪,下雪→v.下雪)，ship(n.船→v.用船運送)。3.形容詞轉化為動詞、名詞或副詞。如：quiet(adj.安靜的→v.使安靜)，calm(adj.鎮靜的→n.鎮靜)，cheap(adj.便宜的→adv.便宜地)。三、派生

派生是指通過給一個單詞加前綴或后綴構成另一個詞。1.常見前綴：1）dis,in,il,im,ir,un,non(表否定):disobey,inplete,illegal,impossible,irregular,unwise,nonsmoker2）mis(表貶義):misunderstand,mislead3）over,super,under(表程度):overweight,supermarket,undercharge4）fore,trans,inter(表位置):forehead,transplant,international5）re,post,pre(表次序、時間):rebuild,postwar,preschool6）bi,tri,multi,semi(表數量):bicycle,tricycle,multiracial,semicircle7）a,en(轉化詞類):asleep,endanger2.常見后綴：1）名詞后輟ery,ry(表性質、場所):bravery,nurseryhood(表身份、性質):boyhood,falsehood(謊言)ism(表主義、行為):socialism(社會主義),criticism(批評),tourismship(表狀態、身分):friendship,membershipess(表女性):waitress,actresser,or(表施事者):employer,sailoree(表受事者):employee,intervieweeist(表主義者、從事某種職業):socialist,violinistal(表行為、結果):refusal,arrivalation(表過程、狀態):exploration,starvationment(表結果):amazementity,ness(形容詞轉名詞):majority,happiness2）形容詞后綴ed(表具有):wooded,beardedful(表充滿):pitiful,carefulish(表類似):childish,youngishless(表沒有):careless,powerlesslike(表“像”):childlike,ladylikely(表特色、“每”):motherly,dailyy(表具有……特征):sandy,cloudyable,ive(動詞轉形容詞):changeable,attractiveal,ial,ical(表具有……特點，與……有關):accidental,professorial,psychological3）副詞后綴ly:calmly,frequently4）動詞后綴en,ify,ize:widen,simplify,symbolize【即學即練】I.

從左右兩邊的方框中各選擇一個單詞合成一個新單詞（每個單詞限用一次）。brand,book,easy,human,left,old,part,weekbeing,end,fashioned,going,handed,mark,new,time1.________+________

→

________

2.________+________

→

________3.________+________

→

________

4.________+________

→

________5.________+________

→

________

6.________+________

→

________7.________+________

→

________

8.________+________

→

________II.

用括號內單詞的正確形式完成下面短文。JohnLennonwasafamous1.________(music).Herosetoworldwide2.________(important)asacofounderofthebandTheBeatlesintheearly1960s.WithcowriterPaulMcCartney,heformedthecelebratedsongwritingpartnershipknownasLennonandMcCartney.McCartney’s3.________(suggest)ofGeorgeHarrisonledtothethirdmemberoftheband.In1962,theformationofthegroupwaspletedwithRingoStarr.BrianEpstein,themanagerofTheBeatles,4.________(strong)influencedhowthebanddressedandlooked.Atfirst,Lennonrefusedtowearthesuitandhaircut,butlaterconceded(屈服)whenherealizedthepaywasgood.Alookthatwasmore5.________(profession)wouldmakethemstandoutandappear6.________(differ)fromotherbands.Healsorealizedthatmoreattentionfromthemediawouldgetthemmorechancestogive7.________(perform)onstage.Itcertainlydid.Theteamworkedtogether8.________(successful)forsevenyearsbeforebreakingupin1969.答案I.

1.brand+new

→

brandnew

2.book+mark

→

bookmark3.easy+going

→

easygoing

4.human+being

→

humanbeing5.left+handed

→

lefthanded

6.old+fashioned

→

oldfashioned7.part+time

→

parttime