II.GrammarandVocabulary

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepiissagescoherentand

grammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformof

thegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

Laughterisakindofuniversalbodylanguagethat'ssharedbypeopleofallnationalities,skin

colors,culturesandtraditions.Butdidyouknowthattheabilitytotellgenuinelaughterapartfrom

fakelaughteralsotranscendscultures?

GregBryant,aprofess。*ofcommunicationattheUniversityofCalifornia.LosAngeles,US,

publishedastudyinPsychologicalScienceinlateJuly(21)resultmentionedthat

peopleareabletoidentifyreallaughterthroughslightvariationsinsound.

Inthestudy,884peoplefrom21countlieswereaskedtolistentorandomrecordingsof

laughter.Someoftherecordingsweremadeupofspontaneouslaughs,whileothersweremadeby

peoplewhowereaskedtolaugh(22)thecommandoftheresearch.

Thestudyshowedthatpeoplearoundtheworldhavetheabilitylopickoutreallaughter,(23)

thevariationoftheirabilitiesfromcountrytocountry.ResidentsoftheSamoanIslands,

aremoteislandchaininthecentralSouthPacific,wereparticularlygoodatit,correctly(24)

(identify)reallaughter56percentofthetime.

AccordingtoBryant,peoplefrom(25)(industrialized)nations"are

moreaccurateinidentifyinganaturalsmile"becausetheyrelyheavilyonemotionalengagement

inordertopredict(hebehaviorof(26)andcreatestrongersocialrelationships.

Buthowdopeoplefromdifferentculturesdetectnaturallaughtersoeasily?Aiidwhattraits

doesreallaughterhave?

AsProfessorJessicaWolfoftheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,toldtheAssociation

forPsychologicalScience,inreallaughter,ourvocalchords"producequalities(27)

higherpilchandvolume,aswellasfasterburstsofnon-articulatesoundsandmore

non-tonalnoise".

Bycontrast,fakelaughterwill"soundlikespeech".AccordingtoScienceDaily,fakelaughter

iscontrolledbythesamebrainsystemthatcontrolsthelipsandtongue.

Bryantfurtherexplainedthatthissystemhas(28)imitativecapacity,saying"with

1

thisspeechsystem,you(29)makealotofdifferentnoises,includingcrying,laughteror

ashriekofpain.That's(30)fakelaughtercomesfrom."

Sothat'ssomethingtothinkaboutnexttimeoneofyourfriendslaughsatsomethingyousaid.

Willyoubeabletotellifit'srealorfake?

SectionB

Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybe

usedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.multipleB.scoresC.proudD.unthuikableE.heritageF.elaborate

G.echoedH.requestI.apparentJ.massiveK.comprehend

ThibaudBinctruywaswalkinghomeMondaywhenhesawsmokerisinginthedistance.

NotreDameCathedral,thebelovedlandmarkintheheartofParis,wasinflames.

"It'sawfultoseesuchasymboldisappearinginfrontofyou.It'sbeenthereforsomanyyears

andinafewminuteshalfofitdsappears...crazy,"BinetruytoldCNN.

"PariswithoutNotreDame...madness,"headded.

Hiswords_31_thesorrowanddisbelieffellbymanyParisiansastheywatchedthe

historicstructureburn.CNNcorrespondentHadasGoldsaidpeoplecrowdedthebanksof(he

Seinetogazehelplesslyat(he_32_.

ManyParisians,whogrewupwiththegothicstructuietoweringovertheriver,burstinto

tearsandhuggedeachotheronthescene.Thecitywasindeathlyquietness,exceptthe

helicoptersandfiretrucks.KatherineFinneysaidsheandotheronlookerscouldn'teven_33—

whatwashappeningatfirstBu(asthehostoriccathedralcontinuedtoburn,crowdsletout

helplessgaspsandgroans.

NoothersiterepresentsFrancequitelikeNotre-Dame.Ithasgivenitsnametooneofthe

country'sliterarymasterpieces.VictorHugo'snovelHunchbackofNotre-Dameisknowntothe

FrenchsimplyasNotreDamedeParis.Thenovelhasbeenfilmed_34—limes,includingan

AcademyA^ard-nominatedDisneyversionin1996.

Thelast(imcthecathedralsufferedmajordamagewasduringtheFrenchRevolution,when

statuesofsaintswerehackedbyterrorists.Thebuildingsurvivedthisuprising,aswellastwo

worldwars,largelyundestroyed.Itisimpossibletooverstatehowshockingitistowatchsuchan

2

enduringembodimentofourcountryburn.Itismuchmorethanareligioussite.President

EmmanuelMacronhasexpressedtheshockofa"wholenation"atthefire.NotreDameis"partof

ourcommon_35—.

Thecathedralishometo_36_ofpricelessartifacts,artworkandrelicscollectedoverthe

centuries,eachwiththeirownstory.Butmanypeoplefearedthesetreasuresmightbelostforever.

TheParisFireBrigadetweetedthatthecathedral'sstoneconstructionhasbeen"saved,"as

havethe"mainworksofart."Asmoreinformationemerges,wha:hasbeenrescuedfromNotre

Dameisbecoming_37_.Yetmanydetails,suchaspossiblewaterdamagefromtheoperationto

savethebuilding,arestillunclear.

TheCrownofThorns,whichsomebelievewasplacedontheheadofJesusandwhich(he

cathedralcallsits"mostpreciousandmostrespectedrelic,"wasrescuedfromthefire.

OnTuesdayAppleCEOTimCooktweetedthatthecompanywillmakeadonationtorestore

theiconic85()-year-()ldcathedral.Hedidn't_38—onhowmuchAppleisphnningtodonate.

Thecompanydidnotimmediatelyrespondtoa_39—forcomment.

SomeofFrance'sweallhieslfamilieshavemadeafundingefforttorebuildthePariscathedral

followuigthe_40_fire.

III.ReadingComprehensions

SectionA

Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourv/ordsorphrasesmarkedAB.

CandD.Fillineachblankwith(hewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

ScientistsinNorwayhavemoregoodnewsforcoffeedrinkersResearchershavealready

foundevidencethatthedrink—orthebeanscanhelpwithweightless,_41_one'sriskof

developingsomediseases,-42_musclegrowth,protectagainstcertaintypesofcancersandcan

evenreduceone'sriskof_43_death.Nowcomeswordthatacupofcoffeereducesphysical

pain.

Thesurprisingfindingisbasedonstudy_44_48volunteerswhoagreedtospend90

minutesperformingfakecomputertasksmeanttomimicofficework.Thetaskswereknownto

_45_painintheshoulders,neck,forearmsandwrists,andtheresearcherswantedto_46_

howpeoplewithpainandthosewhowerepain-freetoleratedthepainofsuchtasks.Asamatterof

3

convenience,thescientistsallowedpeopletodrinkcoffeebeforetakingthetest"toavoid_47_

effectsofcaffeinedeprivation,e.g.decreasedvigorandalertness,sleepiness,andfatigue,"they

reported.

Butwhenitcamelimetoanalyzethedata,theresearchersfromNorway'sNationalInstitute

ofOccupationalHealthandOsloUniversityHospitalnoticedthatthe19peoplewhodrankcoffee

reportedalower_48_ofpainthanthe29peoplewhodidn't.Intheshouldersandneck__49_,

theaveragepainintensitywasrated41(ona1(X)pointscale)amongthecoffeedrinkersand55

fornon-coffeedrinkers.Similargapswerefoundforallpainsitesmeasured,andcoffee'sapparent

pain-reductioneffect_50—.

However,theauthorsofthestudy,whichwaspublishedthisweekinthejournalBMC

ResearchNotes,cautionedthatsincethestudywasn'tdesignedtotestcoffee'sinfluenceonpain,

theresultscamewithmany_51—.Forstarters,theresearchersdon'tknowhowmuchcoffeethe

coffeedrinkersconsumedbeforetakingthecomputertests.-52_theydoubtwhetherthecoffee

drinkersandnon-coffeedrhikerswere_53—inallrespectsexceptfortheircoffeeconsumption.

Problemslikethesetendto_54—theimportanceofthefindings.Butthosedoubtsare_55—to

trouble(hecoffeedrmkerslookingforanyreasonnottocutbackontheirdailycaffeinehabit.

41.A.riseB.reduceC.releaseD.suffer

42.A.shapeB.establishC.boostD.preserve

43.A.accidentalB.suddenC.prematureD.suspicious

44.A.qualifyingB.exploringC.interviewingD.involving

45.A.causeB.endureC.caseD.cure

46.A.warnB.compareC.relieveD.treat

47.A.unpleasantB.modestC.unfortunateD.exhausted

48.A.tendencyB.intentionC.intensityD.extension

49.A.onthecontraryB.asaresultC.forinstanceD.inoneword

50.AturnedupB.brokeoutC.gaveawayD.tookup

51.A.insecuritiesB.uncertaintiesC.consequencesD.destructions

52.A.MoreoverB.HoweverC.OtherwiseD.Nevertheless

53.A.contemporaryB.similarC.temporaryD.initial

54.A.emphasizeB.attachC.confirmD.weaken

4

55.A.unlikelyB.sensitiveC.accessibleD.definite

SectionB

Directions:Readthefollowing(wopassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsor

unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearcfourchoicesmarkedA.B.CandD.Choosethe

onethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

(A)

OnepictureintheWonderBookofknowledgeIhadasalittleboyshowedamanreadinga

bookwhilefloatingintheDeadSea.Whatamiracle!Howwoulditfeeltoliebackinwaterso

thickwithsaltthatitwasimpossible(osink?

FedbytheJordanRiverandsmallerstreams,theDeadSeaisthelowestpointontheearth's

surface,anditswateristentimessaltierthantheMediterranean.\Vilhevaporationitsonlyoutlet,

saltandothermineralsgraduallybecomesuper-concentrated.

Earlierthisyear,Idrovedownthelong,steephilltorealizemydream.Theshorelinewasa

broadareaofbaresalt-mud,butthewateredgewasfaroutofsight.HadsomebodypulledIhe

DeadSea'splug?Iwondered.EliDior,anIsraeliofficial,explained(heproblem:"TheDeadSeais

dryingup.Everyyear,thesurfacedropsaboutonemeter,andasthewaterlevelfalls,shadow

areasarelefthighanddry."

Overthelasthalf-century,thefiveneighboringcountrieshavecollectivelydivertednearlyall

thewaterflowingintotheDeadSeatomeethumanandagricultureneeds.Result:theDeadSeais

beingemptied.

Withpopulationintheregionsettodoubleatleastinthenext50years,(hereislittlehopeof

restoringthewaterbeingdivertedforhumanconsumption.Nocountryhasadroptospareforthe

DeadSea,wheretheyknowitwilljustevaporate.Todreamofopeningthedamsandrestoring

naturalbalanceisplainlyunrealistic.

Yetoneambitioushigh-tecidreammayturnouttobenotonlyIhesalvationoftheDeadSea

butalsoaticket(opeacearounditsshores.The"Red-Dead"isapreposed$5billionprojectto

bringseawatersome240kilometersbypipelineandcanalfromtheRedSeatotheDeadSea.The

Red-Deadmaybetheonlysolution,buteveniftheprojectiscarriedoutsuccessfully,theDead

Seawillbe10to20meterslowerthannowandtwothirdsofitscurrentsize.

5

Whateverthefutureholds,theDeadSea'smagicalmixofsun,mud,seaandsaltwillsurely

survive.ManymightcomplainthattheDeadSeaishalfempty-butformetheDeadSeawill

alwaysbehalffull.

56.What'sthepassagemainlyabout?

A.DeadSea-miracleoftheworld.B.SavetheenvironmentoftheDeadSea.

C.SlowshrinkingoftheDeadSea.D.WhyistheDeadSeasosalty.

57.ThecurrentstateoftheDeadSeaismainlycausedbyaccordingtothepassage.

A.aseverereductionofthewaterfk)wingintothesea.

B.rapidevaporationofthewaterintheDeadSeaarea.

C.theincreasingquamityofwaterdrawnfromthesea.

D.verylowannualrainfallintheDeadSeaArea.

58.Whichofthefollowingisrightaccordingtothepassage?

A.Withnooutlettoanyocean,theDeadSeahasbecomebyevaporationthesaltiestonearth.

B.Thoughburdenedwiththegrowingpopulation,theneighboringcountrieshaven'tcutoffthe

sourcesoftheDeadSea.

C.AilthecountriesintheareawillconsiderdivertuiglesswaterfromtheJordanRiver.

D.TheRed-DeadProjecthasnetonlybroughtwatertotheDeadSea,butpeacetotheareaas

well.

59.Whichofthefollowingstatementswilltheauthorapproveof?

A.IftheDeadSeadriedup.greatnaturaldisasterswouldhappenintheregion.

B.TheDeadSeawillnotsurvivenomatterwhatpeopledo(osaveit.

C.Thefiveneighboringcountriesshouldstopdivertingwaterfrom:heJordanRiver.

D.ThoughtheDeadSeaisshrinkinggradually,itwillnotdie.

(B)

HomemadeNaturalSunscreen

Ingredients

?1/2cupoliveoil

?1/4cupcoconutoilwithnaturalSPF(sunprotectionfactor)

?1/4cupbeeswax

6

2tablespoonszineoxide(氧化鋅)(Thisisaversionthatwon'tbeabsorbedintotheskin.Be

carefulnottobreatheintothepowder)

?Optional:upto1teaspoonredraspberryseedof

?Optional:upto1teaspooncarrotseedoil

?Optional:uptoIteaspoonvitaminEoil

?Optional:essentialoils,vanillaextractorothernaturalextractstosuityourpreference

Instructions

1.Combineingredientsexceptzineoxideinalargerglassjar.Ihaveamasonjar(seeFig.1)thatI

keepjustformakinglotions(獷?扶液)andlotionbars,oryoucanevenreuseaglassjarfromfoods.

2.Fillamediumsaucepanwithacoupleinchesofwaterandplaceovermediumheat.

3.Putalidonthejarlooselyandplaceinthepanwiththewater.

4.Asthewaterheats,theingredientsinthejarwillstarttomelt.Shakeorstiroccasionallytomix.

Whenallingredientsarecompletelymelted,addthezineoxide,stirinwellandpourintowhatever

jarontinyouwilluseforstorage.Smallmasonjarsaregreatforthis.Itwillnotpumpwellina

lotionpump!

5.Storeinacool,dryplaceorinthefridge.

6.Useyouuseregularsunscreen.Bestifusedwithinsixmonths

AdditionalNotes:

?Beeswaxisforwaterprotection.Thissunscreenissomewhat,butnotcompletely,waterproof

andwillneedtobereappliedaftersweatingorswimming.

?Makesurenottobreathein(hezincoxide-useamaskifnecessary!

?ThisrecipehasanSPFofabout15,thoughaddingmorezineoxidewillincreasetheSPF.

?Addmorebeeswaxtomakethickersunscreen,lesstomakesmoothsunscreen.

?Irecommendcoconutorvanilhextractforsweetsmell.

?Iprefertostoreinasmallcanningjarandapplylikeabodybutter.Itwillbethicker,

especiallyifyouusecoconuloilintherecipe.

?Removethezincoxideand(hismakesanexcellentlotionrecipe!

60.WhatisthefunctionofZineoxide,anecessaryingredientwhenmakingnaturalsunscreen?

A.ItwillbeabsorbedintotheskinB.Itisaddedforwaterprotection

C.Itmakesthesunscreen'sSPEgreaterD.Itmakesanexcellentlotionrecipe

61.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisnotTrueaccordingtothepassage.

A.Amongalltheoptionalingredients,essentialoilsornaturalextractshelpaddasweetsmellto

thesunscreen.

B.It'sno(adequate(oapplythesunscreenonlyonceifonewantstoswiminthepool.

C.Beeswaxistokeepthewaterfromlosingonone'sskinandmakethesunscreenthicker.

D.Zineoxide,whichisdangeroustobreathein.shouldbeputbeforeotheringredientsbecauseit

canbecovered.

62.Accordingtotheinstructions,whichofthefollowingisthelaststepduringthemakingof

naturalsunscreen?

A.TomixupallingredientsinajarB.Toremovethezincoxide.

C.Tomelteverythingexceptzineoxide.D.Toaddzineoxideandstirinwell.

(C)

InNewYorkCity,eatingonthesubwayiscontroversial.Nolawbansthepractice,buta

Democraticslatesenatorintroducedonelastweek.Theproposedlawwouldbaneatingonihe

subwaysystemandfinefirsttimeviolators$250,accordingtotheNewYorkTimes.Supportersof

thebillarguethateatingonthesubwayattractsrates.Othersaythebroadertargetshouldbethose

whocarelesslydroplitterinpublicplaces,ratherthanthosewhocarefullysiptheircoffeeandeat

theirbreadonthewaytowork.Theyalsoarguethat"streetfood"isanimportantpartofNew

York'scullureandhistory.Banningitsconsumptioninpublicareassuchasthesubwaywould

havenegativeeffects.

Streetfoodandeatinginpublicplacesisalong-establishedculturalpracticeincitieslike

NewYork,BeijingandParis.Butcommonly,ithasbeentraditionallythoughtofaswhatthelower

classeswoulddo.Eatinginpublicwas(andinsomeplaces,stillis)associatedwithuncivilized,

poorerpeople.Inthe19thcentury,eatinginpublicwasseenasathreattomoralityandpublic

health.Putnam's(apopukirmagazineatthetime)stated."Eiitinginpublicmayleadloacertain

freedomofmannerinlittleladiesandgentlemen.ItwassomethingpeopleintheVictorianeradid

notwanttoencourage.ArecentNewYorkTimesarticledrewalinkbetweenthismoralpanic

aboutstreetfoodandconcernoverthegrowingpopulationsofIrish,German,ItalianandJewish

immigrantswhoranfoodcartsinthe1800s."ToVictoriansociety,immigrantstreetpeddlerswere

8

called'hucksters',anamethatstillhasabitofmoraljudgmenttothisday."

InAustralia,streetfoodisnotsomethingyouseeeveryday.Cartssellingtastysnacksonly

comeoutforfestivalsormarketdays.However,eatinginpublicplacessuchasparksis

encouraged.Outdoorbarbequesatthebeachorpicnicsinthecountrysidearecommon.While

eatingonpublictransportisdiscourages,itwouldunlikelyleadtoanysortofconflictinAustralia.

FromanAustralianperspective,streetfoodisanexcitingandtastynewdiningopportunity,and

notoneIwouldassociatewithbeinguncivilized.

China'sstreetfoodsceneissimilartothatofNewYbrkCity's:Itisaculturallyentrenched

practiceandonethataddsalotofcolorandflavortothesceneofstreets.Butwhetheryoulove

eatingstreetfood,orhavetoeatyourbreakfastontherun,it'sbesttobeconsideratewhen

enjoyingabiteinpublic.

63.Supportersof"streetfood"areagainstthebill,because.

A.eatingonthesubwaymayattractundesirablepestslikemice

B.consumuigf<x)donthewaytDworkprovestheircarefulness

C.banninglitter-droppingismoreimporlanlfortheenvironment

D.enjoyingabiteinpublicareasisapartofthecity'sculture

64.Accordingtoparagraph2,whatcanbemferred?

A.Onlytheuncivilized,poorerpeoplewereallowedtoeatinpublicplaces

B.Streetfoodwasseenasathreatinthe19thcenturybecausetheywerenothealthy.

C.EatinginpublicwasconsideredimpoliteforchildrenintheVictorianera

D.Immigrantstreetpeddlerswereencouragedandthuswelcomedin(he1800s

65.Accordingtoparagraph3,whatistrueinAustralia?

A.Eatinginpubliclikeparksmaybeseenasill-mannered.

B.Havingfoodonthesubwaysystemmaycauseseriousconflicts.

C.Peoplemayfeelexcitedaboutbeingallowedtoeatinpublic.

D.Tastingstreetfoodmaybringmuchenjoymentwheneverpossible.

66.Theword"entrenched"inparagraph4maybeclosestinmeaningto.

A.deep-rootedB.eye-catchingC.well-knownD.far-reaching

SectionC

9

Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.

Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.

A.Buttheydefinitelycanbeunhealthyforolderpeople,say,thoseintheirthutiesorforties,who

facedifferentstressfactorsthatcanmaketightlivingconditionsaproblem.

B.Theobvioussolutionseems(obetodevelopmoresmallresidentialunits.

C.NewYorkersmayactuallyfacemoreexpensivehousmg.paying:hesameamounttorenta

studiointheneighborhoodwheretheyusedtobeabletoaffordaoiK-bcdroom.

D.Nobodyisclaimingthatmicro-apartmentswillbeasilverbullet.

E.Whatmightseemnovelatthebeginningendsupincludingalotoflittleinconveniences,justto

gotosleepormakebreakfastbeforework.

F.ButasNewYorkCity"Micro-apartment"projectinchesclosertoreality,expertswarnthat

Micro-livmgmayno(be(heurbanpanacea(靈丹妙藥)we'vebeenwaitingfor.

NewYorkCityhasahousingproblem.Currently,ithas1.8millionone-andtwo-person

households,andonlyonemillionstudiosandone-bedroomapartments.67

InJanuary.Bloomberg'sofficeannounced(hewinnerofits2012cotnpciitiontodesignand

buildaresidentialtowerofmicro-unitsOapartmentsbetween250and370squarefeet-ona

city-ownedsiteatEast27streetinManhattan.AccordingtotheMayor'spressrelease,(hewinning

proposal,bytheBrooklyn-basedfirmNARCHITECTS,waschosenforitsinnovativelayoutand

buildingdesign,withnearly10-lootceilingsandJulietbalconiesthatgiveresidents"substantial

lightandair."

68Forsomeresidents,thepotentialhealthrisksandcrowdingchallenges

mightoutweigh(hebenefitsofaffordablehousing.AndwhiletheBloom-bergadministrationhails

thetinyspacesasa"milestonefornewhousingmodels,"criticsquestionwhetherrelaxingzoning

rulesandexperimentingwithmicro-designonpublichndwilleffectivelyaddressNewYork's

apartmentsupplyprobleminihelongrun.

"Sure,thesemicro-apartmentsmaybefantasticforyoungprofessionalsinIheir20's,says

DakKopec,directorofdesignforhumanhealthatBostonArchirccturalCollegeandauthorof

EnvironmentalPsychologyforDesign."69"

Homeissupposedtobeasafehaven,andaresidentwithademandingjobmayfeeltrapped

10

inaclaustrophobic（導致幽閉恐懼癥的）apartmentatnightforcedtochoosebehveenthe

physicalcrowdingoffiunitureandbelongingsinhisunit,andsocialcrowding,causedbyother

residents,inthebuildingscommonspaces.Research,Kopecsays,hasshownthat

crowding-relatedstresscanincreaseratesofdomesticviolenceandsubstanceabuse.

Forallofus.dailylifeisasequenceofevents,heexplains.Bu:mostpeopledon'tlikeadding

extrastepstoeverydaytasks.Becausemicro-apartmentsaretoosmalltoholdbasicfurniturelikea

bed,atableandacouchatthesametime,residentsmustresenttheirquartersthroughouttheday:

foldingdownaMurphybed（墨菲隱蔽床），orhangingupadiningtableonthewall.

70Inthiscase,residentsmighteventuallystopfoldinguptheirfurnitureevery

dayandthespacewillstartfeelingevenmoreconstrained.

第H卷

I.ReadingandWriting

71.Directions:Readthefolk）wingthreepassages.Siunmarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）

ofihepassageinnomoreihan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

Teachers*Burnout&Students*Stress

Anew,first-of-i（s-kuidstudyexaminestheconnectionbetweenteacherbuinoutandstudents'

stresslevels.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofBritishColumbiacollectedsaliva（唾液）samples

fromover400elementaryschoolchildren,gradesfourtoseven,at17publicschools.Cortisol（皮

質爵）levelswerethenassessedfromthesamplesasthehormoneiscommonlyusedasa

biologicalindicatorofstress.Correspondingly,teacherburnoutwasdeterminedthroughsurvey

results.

Investigatorsfoundthatinclassroomsinwhichteachersexperiencedmoreburnout,or

feelingsofemotionalexhaustion,students'cortisollevelswereelevated.Highercortisollevelsin

elementaryschoolchildrenhavebeenlinkedtolearningdifficukiesaswellasmentalhealth

problems.ThestudyappearsinthejournalSocialScience&Medicine."Thissugg