UNIT9HUMANBIOLOGYLESSON2

BRAINPOWER

BRAINPOWER ACTIVEANDSHAREGroupWorkMatchthewordsfromtheboxwiththeirdefinitions.

Activity1（）1

onethousandmillion（）2

apartofthebodythathasaparticularpurpose，e.g.theheart（）3

thesmallestpieceofsomethingthatcanexistalone（）4

atinypartofthebodythathelpscarrymessagestoandfromthebrain（）5

aunitoflivingmatter

atomnerve

billioncellorgan

billion

organ

atomnervecellBeforelisteningtoalectureaboutthebrain，readthestatementsandwriteT（true）orF（false）. Activity2聽力文本Right，thetopicoftoday’slectureis“TheBrain”.Well，thebrainisanabsolutelyamazingorgan.Itconsistsofgreyandwhitematter.Itweighsjustoverakilo—justimaginethat，likeakiloofpotatoes.Butthisisaveryspecialkilo.Itusestwentypercentofthebody’senergyanditcontainsoveronehundredbillioncells.Onehundredbillioncells!Thesemakeupnervecells，whichareconnectedbyelectricalimpulses.Thebrainsendsmessagesusingelectricalimpulses，thesamewayasacomputerworks.Buttherearemorepossibleconnectionsinonebrainthanthereareatomsintheuniverse.Justthinkaboutthatagain.Therearemorepossibleconnectionsinyourbrainthanthereareatomsintheuniverse.Amazing，isn’tit?Makesanormalcomputerlooksimple，doesn’tit?Beforelisteningtoalectureaboutthebrain，readthestatementsandwriteT（true）orF（false）. Activity2聽力文本So，whatdoweknowaboutthisorgancalled“thebrain”?Scientistswhostudythebrainhavelearntalotaboutitinthelasttenyears.Likeexplorersexploringtheworld，they’vefoundthattherearedifferentareasinthebrainandtheseareasareresponsiblefordifferentfunctions.Wenowknowwhichpartsofthebrainarerelatedtodifferentpartsofourbodyandfeelingsfromthem.Agoodexampleofthiscanbeseeninpeoplewhohavelostanarmoraleginanaccident.Thoughtheydon’thaveanarmoraleg，theycanstillhavefeelingsfromit，likepain.Incredible，isn’tit?Youalsohavedifferentareasfordifferentkindsofthinking.Forexample，youhaveoneareaforyourfirstlanguageandanotherareaforaforeignlanguagethatyoulearnwhenyouareolder.Interesting，isn’tit?...Butevenmoreinterestingthanlocatingdifferentareasofthebrainis...Beforelisteningtoalectureaboutthebrain，readthestatementsandwriteT（true）orF（false）. Activity2（）1

Thebrainconsistsofonlywhitematter.（）2

Thebrainweighsjustoverakilo.（）3

Thebraincontains

aboutonebillioncells.（）4

Thebrainuses10%ofthebody’senergy.（）5

Thebrainsendsmessagesinthesamewayasacomputerworks.（）6

Therearemorepossibleconnectionsinyourbrainthanthereareatomsintheuniverse.

FTFFTTListentothelectureandcheckyouranswerstoActivity2.Correctthefalseones.

Activity3KEYS:1Thebrainconsistsofgreyandwhitematter.3Thebraincontainsoveronehundredbillioncells.4Thebrainuses20%ofthebody’senergy.

Listenagain.Completetheinformationyouhearaboutthebrain.Thentellyourpartnerwhatyouhavelearntaboutthebrain.

Activity4Whatmatterdoesitconsistof?

GreyandwhitematterHowmuchdoesitweigh?Howmuchbody’senergydoesituse?Howmanycellsdoesitcontain?

Justoverakilo

20%OveronehundredbillioncellsListenagain.Completetheinformationyouhearaboutthebrain.Thentellyourpartnerwhatyouhavelearntaboutthebrain. Activity4Howaremessagessent?Thebraincellsmakeup_________________，whichareconnectedby_________________.Thebrainsendsmessagesusing_________________.Whathavewelearntaboutthebraininthelasttenyears?Therearedifferentareasinthebrain，whichare_______________________________.Wenowknowwhichpartsofthebrain________________

differentpartsofour________________fromthem.Thebrainalsohasdifferentareasfordifferentkindsof________________.Youhaveoneareaforyour_______________

andanotherareafor__________________________________________________________________________.nervecellselectricalimpulseselectricalimpulsesresponsiblefordifferentfunctionsarerelatedtobodyandfeelingsthinkingfirstlanguage

aforeignlanguageyoulearnwhenyouareolderCompletethesummarywiththewordsfromthelecture.Activity5Thebrainconsistsof1_________________matter.Itweighs2_________________.Ituses3

____________ofthebody’senergy.Itcontainsover4__________________________whichmakeupnervecells.Thesenervecellsareconnectedbyelectricalimpulses.Therearemorepossibleconnectionsinonebrainthanthereare5_____________________.Scientistshavemappeddifferentareasofthebrainthatareresponsiblefor6______________________.Therearealsodifferentareasfordifferenttypesofthinking，suchaslearningyourownlanguageandlearninga7___________language. greyandwhitejustoverakilo20%onehundredbillioncellsatomsintheuniversedifferentfunctionsforeign

Listentoastudentphone-inprogrammeandcompletethetable. Activity6聽力文本（P=Presenter

K=ProfessorKim

A=Anna

J=John

B=Bella）P：GoodmorningandwelcometoHealthyLiving.Thismorningwe’reheretodiscussthebrain.ThisisProfessorKim，abrainexpert.Welcome，Professor.K：Thankyouforhavingme.P：Let’sturntoourfirstcallernow.Anna，areyouthere?WhatwouldyouliketoaskProfessorKim?A：Ohhi，goodmorning.Yes.I’venoticedthatmymemoryisn’tasgoodasitusedtobe，andI’vereadaboutbrainexercises—youknow，crosswordpuzzles，games，quizzes，thatkindofthing.Butdotheyreallywork?ShouldItrythem?P：What’syouradvice，ProfessorKim?K：Well，theanswerisyesandno.Puzzlesandgamesaregoodforustokeepourbrainactive.However，toreallyexercisethebrain，youneedtochallengeit.Thatmeansdoingsomethingnew，somethingthatperhapsyouarenotgoodat.Thiskeepsthebrainflexibleandhelpsimprovememory.P：Sowhatkindsofactivitiesdoyousuggest?K：Youcouldtrylearninganewlanguage，learningtodanceorlearningtopaint...anythingthattakesyououtsideyourcomfortzone.

Listentoastudentphone-inprogrammeandcompletethetable. Activity6聽力文本P：Great.Canwehaveournextcaller，please?Hi，John，what’syourquestion，please?J：Oh，hi.I’vegotsomebigexamscomingupnextmonth，andIwasjustwonderingiftherearecertainfoodsthataregoodforthebrain.Whatdoyousuggest?K：Greatquestion.Yourdietcandefinitelyimproveyourbrainhealth.Ifyourbrainhasthecorrectfuel，itcanworkatitsbest.Onethingyoucandoistocutdownonjunkfood.Foodsthathelpthebrainarenaturalfoods：fruit，vegetables，andsoon.ItmightalsobeagoodideatoincreaseyourintakeofOmega-3fats，whichareanimportantbrainfood.Thesearefoundinfoodlikeoilyfishandeggs.P：Greatadvice.Andfinally，canwehearfromBella?B：Oh，hello.Myquestionisaboutphysicalexercise.Isthereanyparticularkindofexercisethatcanimprovethehealthofmybrain?WhatshouldIdo?K：Iadviseyoutodoexercisethatisgoodforyourheart，suchaswalkingandrunning.Thesekindsofexerciseincreasetheamountofoxygenintheblood，whichisalsogoodforthebrain.P：Fascinatingstuff.Joinusafterthebreak...Listentoastudentphone-inprogrammeandcompletethetable. Activity6Whatproblemdotheyhave?

Whatcantheydo?

Anna：Memoryisn’tasgoodasitusedtobe，sodobrainexercisesreallywork?challengetheirbrainwithlearningnewthingstheyarenotgoodatListentoastudentphone-inprogrammeandcompletethetable. Activity6Whatproblemdotheyhave?

Whatcantheydo?

20%John：Examsarecomingup，sohewondersiftherearecertainfoodsthataregoodforthebrain.

cutdownonjunkfood，increasetheintakeofOmega-3fatsListentoastudentphone-inprogrammeandcompletethetable. Activity6Whatproblemdotheyhave?

Whatcantheydo?

Bella：Isthereanyparticularkindofexercisethatcanimprovethehealthofherbrain?

doexercisethatisgoodfortheheart，suchaswalkingandrunning

Listenandimitate.CompletetheTalkBuilder.AskingforandGivingAdviceAskingforAdvice1

trythem?2

，ProfessorKim?3

Sowhatkindsofactivities

?4

Isthereanyparticularkindofexercise...?

?

GivingAdvice1

trylearninganewlanguage...2

istocutdownonjunkfood.3

_______________increaseyourintakeof...4

doexercisethatisgoodforyourheart.

Activity7TalkBuilderShouldIWhat’syouradvicedoyousuggestWhatshouldIdoYoucouldOnethingyoucandoItmightalsobeagoodideatoIadviseyouto

SPEAK

Searchonlineingroupsformorewaystoincreasebrainpower.Thengiveashortpresentationtotheclass.

Activity8Languagepoints教材原句p.110...itcontainsoveronehundredbillioncells.……它（大腦）包含超過1000億個細胞。1containvt.包含，容納，裝盛Thebookcontainsalltheinformationyouneed.這本書包含你需要的所有信息。Howmuchdoesthebottlecontain?這個瓶子的容量是多少？Theresearchgroupproducedtworeportsbasedonthesurvey，butneithercontainedanyusefulsuggestion.研究小組根據(jù)調(diào)查結(jié)果寫了兩份報告，但都沒有包含任何有用的建議。【學法點撥】contain還可以譯為“抑制，克制（強烈的感情）”。Hearingthenews，hecouldn’tcontainhimselfandburstintolaughter.聽到這個消息他難以克制，放聲大笑起來。 核心詞匯題組練·領(lǐng)悟方法【詞語辨析】contain與includeAcontainsB（=BisinsideA）B在A里面AincludesB（=BispartofA）B是A的一部分

選詞填空（contain/include）（1）Therocket

anumberofscientificinstruments，

atelevisioncamera.（2）Severalcitiescompetedtohostthe32ndOlympicGames，Tokyo

.（3）Thepricedoesn’t

postage.（4）Ourten-daytour

avisittoNewYork.單句語法填空（5）［詞匯復現(xiàn)］TheemployerwillsendfiveworkerstoworkinthebranchinShanghai，

_____________（include）mybrother.（6）Whenhearingthenewsthathisfathercametohimself，hecouldn’tcontain

（he）andburstintotears.（7）Ihopemoreusefulinformation

（contain）inyourreport.

containsincludingincluded

includeincludesincluding

himself

iscontained教材原句p.110Butevenmoreinterestingthanlocatingdierentareasofthebrainis...但比定位大腦不同區(qū)域更有趣的是……2locatevt.找出……的準確位置搭配：belocatedin/on/at...位于……，坐落在……Themechaniclocatedthefaultimmediately.機修工立即找到了出故障的地方。［詞匯復現(xiàn)］Locatedonthebanksoftheriver，thecityisfamousforitssceneryandattractsanumberofvisitors.這座城市位于河畔，以風景聞名并吸引了許多游客。【詞語積累】locationn.位置；地點；（電影的）外景拍攝地 單句語法填空（1）Hewillworkintheworkshopthat

（locate）atthefootofthemountain，whichworrieshismother.（2）TheexhibitionwillbeheldintheCityMuseum，

（locate）inthenorthofourcity.（3）Makesurethatthe

（locate）serviceisturnedon，justincaseyougetlost.

islocatedlocated

location教材原句p.111Ifyourbrainhasthecorrectfuel，itcanworkatitsbest.如果你的大腦能獲得正確的養(yǎng)料，它就能保持最佳工作狀態(tài)。3atone’sbest處在最好狀態(tài)；全盛時期Oneshouldneverbeproudevenwhenheisathisbest.一個人在最得意時也絕不應驕傲。【歸納拓展】do/tryone’sbest（at）（在某一方面）盡全力makethebestof充分利用；盡力而為；妥善處理bestofall最好的是Wemustmakethebestofeveryminutetobuildthefenceincasethegoatsslipout.我們必須抓緊每一分鐘把籬笆蓋好，以防山羊溜出來。［詞匯復現(xiàn)］Hedidhisbesttorunfaster，buthefailed.他盡最大努力跑得更快，但還是失敗了。 完成句子（1）WhenI’mtired，I’m

（沒在我最好的狀態(tài)）.（2）Thestorealsohassecond-handbooksandCDs/DVDswiththeidea____________________（充分利用）theusedthings.單句語法填空（3）［詞匯復現(xiàn)］Thephotographerwasnever

herbestearlyinthemorning.（4）［詞匯復現(xiàn)］Amanisboundtobesuccessfulifonlyhewilldo

best.

notatmybest

tomakethebestof

at

his教材原句p.111Onethingyoucandoistocutdownonjunkfood.你能做的一件事就是少吃垃圾食品。4cutdownon削減，減少Theyunderstandit’sagoodofferandtheycutdownonthecalories.他們明白這是個好提議，減少了熱量的攝入。【歸納拓展】cutdown削減；砍倒

cutaway剪去；切除；砍掉cutout裁剪；刪除 cutup切碎cutoff切掉；阻礙；中斷

cutin插嘴；插隊cutthrough/across抄近路穿過Iamnotabletopersuademyuncletogiveupsmoking，butatleasthehascutdown.我沒能說服我叔叔戒煙，但至少他減少了。［詞匯復現(xiàn)］Thebutchercutoffapieceofmeatandcutitupforthecheftomakedumplings.屠夫切下一塊肉，將它切碎，讓廚師包餃子。［詞匯復現(xiàn)］

單句語法填空（1）［詞匯復現(xiàn)］Sadly，despitethewarning，therearestillmanytreesbeingcut

.（2）Theelectricitywascut

forseveraldays.（3）Pleasecut

thevegetablesintosmallpieces.完成句子（4）AsfarasIamconcerned，youshould

（減少）thefatyoutakeineveryday.（5）［詞匯復現(xiàn)］Afterretirement，IfeelIhavebeen

（與外界隔絕）forages.（6）［詞匯復現(xiàn)］WeweretalkingaboutthegeneraltendencyoftheworldeconomywhenTim_____________（插話）.

downoff

up

cutdownon

cutoffcutin教材原句p.111ItmightalsobeagoodideatoincreaseyourintakeofOmega-3fats...增加你的歐米加3脂肪的攝入量可能也是個好主意……5intaken.攝入量，攝取量 highfluidintake高流質(zhì)攝取量toreduceyourdailyintakeofsalt減少每天的食鹽攝入量theannualstudentintake每年招收的新生人數(shù)asharpintakeofbreath猛吸一口氣【歸納拓展】takein吸收；領(lǐng)會；欺騙；接待 完成句子（1）Your

（酒精攝入量）shouldnotexceedtwounitsperday. 單句語法填空（2）Sheisoneofthisyear’sintake

students.

intakeofalcohol

of教材原句p.56Thebraincellsmakeupn