Unit2Outofthisworld(譯林版2020選擇必修第三冊(cè))單元話題閱讀精練(閱讀理解15篇+七選五5篇)Ⅰ閱讀理解Passage12025StudentLaunchChallengeAboutStudentLaunchNASAStudentLaunchisaresearchbased,petitive,andexperientialexplorationchallengethatprovidesrelevantandcosteffectiveresearchanddevelopmenttosupporttheSpaceLaunchSystem(SLS).Theactivityinvolvesreachingabroadaudienceofmiddleandhighschools,colleges,anduniversitiesacrossthenationinaninemonthmitmenttodesign,build,testandlaunchvehicleandpayload(載荷)ponentsthatsupportSLS.Itisaimedatinspiringstudentstoexplorescience,technology,engineering,andmath(STEM)forthebenefitofhumanity.2025StudentLaunchNASAhasselected71teamsfromacrosstheUStoparticipateinits25thannualStudentLaunchChallenge.Aspartofthechallenge,teamswilldesign,build,andflyahighpoweredamateurrocketandscientificpayload.Theyalsomustmeetdocumentationmilestonesandundergodetailedreviewsthroughouttheschoolyear.TheninemonthlongchallengewillbehighlightedwithonsiteeventsstartingonApril30,2025.FinallaunchesarescheduledforMay3,2025,atBraggFarmsinToney,Alabama,justminutesnorthofNASA’sMarshallSpaceFlightCenter.It’stheperfectendingtotheevents.Teamsarenotrequiredtotravelfortheirfinallaunch,havingtheoptiontolaunchfromaqualifiedsite.StudentteamswillundergodetailedreviewsbyNASApersonneltoensurethesafety,operabilityandpracticalityoftheirrocketandpayloaddesigns.AwardsTheAltitude(高度)Award:Awardedtotheteamthatesclosesttotheirdeclaredtargetaltitudeontheirpetitionlaunch.VehicleDesignAward:Awardedtotheteamwiththemostcreativeandinnovativeoverallvehicledesignfortheirintendedpayloadwhilestillmaximizingsafetyandefficiency.Judges’ChoiceAward:SelectedduringLaunchWeekbyapanelofguestjudgesandawardedforthebestbinationofpayloadinnovation,vehicledesignandconstruction,andpublicengagement.1．WhatisthemaingoaloftheNASAStudentLaunchChallenge?A．Totrainprofessionalastronauts. B．Topromotestudents’explorationofSTEM.C．Totestnewrockettechnologies. D．ToselectfutureemployeesforNASA．2．Howlongdoestheonsiteeventslast?A．Ninemonths B．Twomonths. C．Fourdays. D．Oneday.3．WhatistheVehicleDesignAwardbasedon?A．Socialmediapopularityofthedesign. B．Themaximumpayloadofthevehicle.C．Closenesstothescheduledlaunchingheight. D．Thevehicle’sinnovationandpracticalperformance.【答案】1．B2．C3．D【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。介紹2025年NASA組織的學(xué)生發(fā)射挑戰(zhàn)賽。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AboutStudentLaunch下的“Itisaimedatinspiringstudentstoexplorescience,technology,engineering,andmath(STEM)forthebenefitofhumanity.(它旨在激勵(lì)學(xué)生探索科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程和數(shù)學(xué)（STEM），造福人類)”可知，挑戰(zhàn)賽的主要目標(biāo)是促進(jìn)學(xué)生們對(duì)STEM的探索。故選B項(xiàng)。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)2025StudentLaunch下的“TheninemonthlongchallengewillbehighlightedwithonsiteeventsstartingonApril30,2025.FinallaunchesarescheduledforMay3,2025,atBraggFarmsinToney,Alabama,justminutesnorthofNASA’sMarshallSpaceFlightCenter.(這項(xiàng)為期9個(gè)月的挑戰(zhàn)將于2025年4月30日開(kāi)始的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)活動(dòng)中凸顯出來(lái)。最后一次發(fā)射定于2025年5月3日，地點(diǎn)在阿拉巴馬州托尼的布拉格農(nóng)場(chǎng)，距離美國(guó)宇航局馬歇爾太空飛行中心以北僅幾分鐘路程)”可知，這項(xiàng)為期9個(gè)月的挑戰(zhàn)將于2025年4月30日開(kāi)始現(xiàn)場(chǎng)活動(dòng)，決賽將于2025年5月3日在阿拉巴馬州的布雷格農(nóng)場(chǎng)舉行。由此可知，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)活動(dòng)持續(xù)四天。故選C項(xiàng)。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Awards下的“VehicleDesignAward:Awardedtotheteamwiththemostcreativeandinnovativeoverallvehicledesignfortheirintendedpayloadwhilestillmaximizingsafetyandefficiency.(車輛設(shè)計(jì)獎(jiǎng)：頒發(fā)給最具創(chuàng)意和創(chuàng)新的整體車輛設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)，以滿足其預(yù)期的有效載荷，同時(shí)最大限度地提高安全性和效率)”可知，運(yùn)載工具設(shè)計(jì)獎(jiǎng)是基于運(yùn)載工具的創(chuàng)新性和實(shí)際性能。故選D項(xiàng)。Passage2SpaceXStarshiptestlaunchinOctober2024markedanothermilestonefortheworld’slargestandmostpowerfulrocket.ButadditionaldatacollectedindicatesStarshipmaybeevenmoredamagingtolocalmunitiesandwildlifethancriticspreviouslyfeared.Accordingtodatasetspublished,the30storytallStarship’s33enginesgenerateanywherebetween105and125decibels(分貝)duringitsliftoffandlanding,whichispowerfulenoughtocausestructuraldamagetobuildings.Gee,aprofessorinBrighamYoungUniversity,detectedthosesoundlevelsroughlysixmilesaway.“Thisisthelargestrocketeverbuilt.Itwouldstandtoreasonthatitwouldalsoproducethehighestlevelofnoiseamongallrocketseverconstructed.”Geesaid.Geestressesthatalthoughresearchersoftenmeasurenoiseusingdecibellevels,thereareothermeasurementsforsound.Sohebelievesit’sbesttoassessStarship’sloudnessbyparingittootherunderstandablequantities.Onthequieterend,Starship’sliftoffmaysoundsimilartoanaveragerockconcert.Atitsloudestthatnoiseisequaltohearingacloserangegunshot.AccordingtoenvironmentalengineerRoesch,the“rawpoweroutput”fromStarship’sSuperHeavyrocketshasincreased30percentsincetheFAA’sinitialriskreviewin2019,anamountexpectedtogrowoverfuturelaunches.RoeschcallspastassumptionsbytheFAA“notonlyfactuallylaughablebasedonanunderstandingofbasicphysics”butcontradictorytoNASA’sdecadesofAcousticModelingdocument.“Nobirdeggwillsurvivethatkindofimpact.MoredeathsforanimalsarenotaccountedforintheFAA’sriskassessment.”GeedeclinestoofferapersonalopinionregardingSpaceX’songoingStarshiplaunchschedule,andbelieveshumanity’sfuturemayrequirespacetravel.Inthemeantime,hehopesthenewdatawillinformpolicyandregulatorydecisions.“Wearetalkingaboutlevelsthatpeoplefoundunacceptablebefore,”hesays.4．HowdidGeeconcludeSpaceX’srocketwouldbetheloudesteverbuilt?A．Hemeasuredthedecibellevelsdirectly. B．Hecalculatedtherocket’senginepower.C．Heinferredfromtherocket’sdimensions. D．Hecheckedallthedatasetspublished.5．WhydoesGeementiongunshot?A．Toindicatepossibledamage. B．Tomakereadersamused.C．Tomeasuresoundsaccurately. D．Todescribenoiselevelsvividly.6．WhatdidRoeschthinkofFAA’sassumptions?A．Factualbutcontradictory. B．Illogicalandinaccurate.C．Optimisticbutsimple. D．Irrelevantandoutdated.7．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．AnimalinjuriesduringSpaceX’slaunches.B．FairprospectsforSpaceX’sStarshipproject.C．TechnicaldrawbacksofSpaceX’srocketengines.D．EnvironmentalimpactofSpaceX’sStarshiplaunch.【答案】4．C5．D6．B7．D【解析】這是一篇議論文。文章圍繞2024年10月SpaceX星際飛船測(cè)試發(fā)射展開(kāi)，指出其對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)和野生動(dòng)物破壞超預(yù)期，闡述噪音影響及相關(guān)人士觀點(diǎn)。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Thisisthelargestrocketeverbuilt.Itwouldstandtoreasonthatitwouldalsoproducethehighestlevelofnoiseamongallrocketseverconstructed.(這是有史以來(lái)建造的最大的火箭。有理由認(rèn)為，它也會(huì)產(chǎn)生有史以來(lái)所有建造的火箭中最高水平的噪音。)”可知，Gee是從火箭的尺寸（thelargestrocket）推斷出SpaceX的火箭會(huì)是有史以來(lái)噪音最大的。故選C項(xiàng)。5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Atitsloudestthatnoiseisequaltohearingacloserangegunshot.(在最響的時(shí)候，那種噪音等同于聽(tīng)到近距離的槍聲。)”可知，Gee提到槍聲是為了生動(dòng)形象地描述噪音水平。故選D項(xiàng)。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“RoeschcallspastassumptionsbytheFAA‘notonlyfactuallylaughablebasedonanunderstandingofbasicphysics’butcontradictorytoNASA’sdecadesofAcousticModelingdocument.(Roesch稱聯(lián)邦航空局過(guò)去的假設(shè)‘基于對(duì)基礎(chǔ)物理的理解，不僅在事實(shí)上可笑’，而且與美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局?jǐn)?shù)十年的聲學(xué)建模文件相矛盾。)”可知，Roesch認(rèn)為聯(lián)邦航空局的假設(shè)不合邏輯且不準(zhǔn)確。故選B項(xiàng)。7．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章第一段提到“ButadditionaldatacollectedindicatesStarshipmaybeevenmoredamagingtolocalmunitiesandwildlifethancriticspreviouslyfeared.(但是收集到的更多數(shù)據(jù)表明，星際飛船對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)和野生動(dòng)物的破壞可能比批評(píng)者之前擔(dān)心的還要嚴(yán)重。)”，接著后文從噪音對(duì)建筑的影響、對(duì)動(dòng)物的影響等方面闡述了SpaceX星際飛船發(fā)射對(duì)環(huán)境的影響。所以文章主要講的是SpaceX星際飛船發(fā)射對(duì)環(huán)境的影響。故選D項(xiàng)。Passage3（2025高二上·浙江杭州·期末）ScientistscannowconductspaceresearchonEarthasChina’s“groundspacestation”hasbeenputintotrialoperation,reportedXinhua.ThefacilityiscalledSpaceEnvironmentSimulationandResearchInfrastructure(SESRI).SESRIsimulates(模擬)conditionsinspaceandisdesignedforstudyingbasicspacescience.Thiswillhelpscientistsdoexperimentsthattheynormallydoinspace.SESRIisjointlydevelopedbytheHarbinInstituteofTechnologyandtheChinaAerospaceScienceandTechnologyCorporation.“SpaceisverydifferentfromtheenvironmentonEarthandcanhavedifferenteffectsonspacecraft.Whatwedohereistoexplorehowtheeffectstakeplaceandwhy,”LiLiyi,executivedeputydirectorofSESRI,toldGuangmingDaily.Atthefacility,thereisadevicethatsimulatesthespaceenvironmentfrom100kilometersawayfromEarthtothesun.Inthisarea,morethan99percentofvisiblematterisinaplasma(等離子體)stateinwhichgasisinahighlychargedandenergeticstateofmatter.Byrecreatingtheenvironment,thedevicecantesthowplasmaaffectsspacecraft.Also,oneofthebiggestproblemsmannedspacetravelfacesiswhenspacecraftenterEarth’satmosphere,theyaresurroundedbyplasma,leadingtomunicationblackouts(黑障).Thetestcentercanalsohelpsolvethisissueasresearchersnowhavemoreopportunitiestodotests.Theresearchersfacedmanychallengeswhenbuildingthesimulationsystem,asconnectingvariouspartsofthedevicecanbeveryplicated.“Weheldmorethan700meetingsoveraconnectionproblemalone.”JinChenggangatthefacilitytoldHeilongjiangNews.SESRIalsohassimulationsystemsforthemoonandMars,whichcanrecreatethevacuum,extremetemperatures,andspaceradiationthatastronautswouldencounteronthesespacebodies.Thesystemswillhelpastronautspreparefortheirmissionstotheseplacesinthefuture,reportedGuangmingDaily.Inthefuture,theplatformwillalsoplayanimportantroleinareasincludingbrainscience,lifeandhealthresearch,andthedevelopmentofhighendinstruments.8．Whatisthemainbenefitofsimulatingspaceenvironment?A．SupportingspaceresearchonEarth. B．Reducingthecostofspacemissions.C．Studyingtheeffectsofspaceonhumans. D．Improvingourunderstandingofblackholes.9．WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A．Thechallengeofspaceexploration. B．TheriskofexperimentsattheSESRI.C．Thebenefitofspaceexploration. D．ThefunctionofthedeviceattheSESRI.10．WhydoestheauthorquoteJinChenggang’swords?A．Toshareapersonalstoryaboutthebuildingprocess.B．Toshowthedifficultiesofbuildingthesimulationsystem.C．Tohighlighttheimportanceofpreparationsfortheresearch.D．Toemphasizethechallengesofworkingwithotherresearchteams.11．Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?A．Spacesimulationmaybecostly.B．Spacesimulationraisessocialconcerns.C．Internationalcooperationiscrucialforspacesimulation.D．Spacesimulationhasgreatpotentialforfutureexploration.【答案】8．A9．D10．B11．D【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了中國(guó)“地面空間站”SESRI的模擬太空環(huán)境功能及其意義。8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段中“ScientistscannowconductspaceresearchonEarthasChina’s“groundspacestation”hasbeenputintotrialoperation,reportedXinhua.(據(jù)新華社報(bào)道，隨著中國(guó)“地面空間站”投入試運(yùn)行，科學(xué)家如今可以在地球上開(kāi)展太空研究。)”可知，模擬太空環(huán)境的主要好處是支持地球上的太空研究。故選A。9．主旨大意題。由文章第四段“Atthefacility,thereisadevicethatsimulatesthespaceenvironmentfrom100kilometersawayfromEarthtothesun.Inthisarea,morethan99percentofvisiblematterisinaplasma(等離子體)stateinwhichgasisinahighlychargedandenergeticstateofmatter.Byrecreatingtheenvironment,thedevicecantesthowplasmaaffectsspacecraft.(在這個(gè)裝置中，有一個(gè)可以模擬從距離地球100公里處直至太陽(yáng)之間的空間環(huán)境的設(shè)備。在這一區(qū)域內(nèi)，超過(guò)99%的可見(jiàn)物質(zhì)處于等離子體態(tài)，在這種狀態(tài)下，氣體處于高度帶電且充滿能量的物質(zhì)狀態(tài)。通過(guò)重現(xiàn)這一環(huán)境，該設(shè)備能夠測(cè)試等離子體對(duì)航天器的影響。)”可知，本段主要介紹了SESRI設(shè)備的功能。故選D。10．推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段“Theresearchersfacedmanychallengeswhenbuildingthesimulationsystem,asconnectingvariouspartsofthedevicecanbeveryplicated.“Weheldmorethan700meetingsoveraconnectionproblemalone.”JinChenggangatthefacilitytoldHeilongjiangNews.(在建造這個(gè)模擬系統(tǒng)時(shí)，研究人員面臨著諸多挑戰(zhàn)，因?yàn)檫B接設(shè)備的各個(gè)部分可能非常復(fù)雜。該裝置的金成剛在接受《黑龍江新聞》采訪時(shí)表示：“僅僅是一個(gè)連接問(wèn)題，我們就召開(kāi)了700多次會(huì)議。”)”可知，作者引用金成剛的話是為了展示建造模擬系統(tǒng)的困難。故選B。11．推理判斷題。由文章最后一段“SESRIalsohassimulationsystemsforthemoonandMars,whichcanrecreatethevacuum,extremetemperatures,andspaceradiationthatastronautswouldencounteronthesespacebodies.Thesystemswillhelpastronautspreparefortheirmissionstotheseplacesinthefuture,reportedGuangmingDaily.Inthefuture,theplatformwillalsoplayanimportantroleinareasincludingbrainscience,lifeandhealthresearch,andthedevelopmentofhighendinstruments.(空間環(huán)境地面模擬裝置還設(shè)有月球和火星的模擬系統(tǒng)，這些系統(tǒng)可以重現(xiàn)宇航員在這些天體上會(huì)遇到的真空環(huán)境、極端溫度以及太空輻射。據(jù)《光明日?qǐng)?bào)》報(bào)道，這些系統(tǒng)將幫助宇航員為未來(lái)前往這些地方執(zhí)行任務(wù)做好準(zhǔn)備。未來(lái)，這個(gè)平臺(tái)還將在腦科學(xué)、生命與健康研究以及高端儀器研發(fā)等領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮重要作用。)”可知，作者在最后一段暗示了太空模擬對(duì)未來(lái)探索有很大的潛力。故選D。Passage4InMortenTyldum’smoviePassengers,charactersJimPrestonandAuroraLaneareona120yearinterstellarjourneywith5,000otherpeople.Theirdestination:HomesteadⅡ,anewworldtostarttheirlivesanew.Tosurvivethetravel,passengersenteredhibernation(冬眠),eachonefrozenintheirownpod.However,somethinggoeswrongandJimandAurorawakeup90yearstooearly.ButwhatifwetoldyouthathibernationforspacetravelismorelikelytohappenthantheromanticstorybetweenJimandAurora?Hibernationisastateinwhichlivingorganismsslowdowntheirmetabolic(新陳代謝的)processeswhilemaintainingessentialfunctions.Onceinsidethesepods,astronautswillgetdrugstoadjustmetabolism,reducecoretemperature,andcauseinactivity.OncebackonEarth,theywillwakeupandgraduallyreadopttheirnormalfunctionalmetabolism.ForgoingtoMars,astronautswouldrequireabout30kgoffood,water,air,andothersuppliesperday.Thus,hibernationcansignificantlycutdownontheiressentialneeds.Additionally,hibernatingastronautswouldn’tgetbored,stressed,orlonely,andlesstimeandspacewouldbeneededtohelpkeepthemfitorentertained.Butthisismerelythetheory.Spaceagenciesareinvestigatingwhetherreducingbodytemperatureandlaterinducing(導(dǎo)致)metabolismisamorepracticaloption,while,mostresearchprojectsarecurrentlyfocusingonanimals.Thequestionis:howcanweevokehibernationinspeciesthatarenotnormallydoingthat?Andthisiswhytheresearchonrats,notnaturallyhibernatinganimals,isinteresting.Researchonbearsisalsoimportantsincetheirbodysizeismorerelatabletoours.TheconceptisnotbeingconsideredfortheforthingMarsmission,butforlongermissionstofartherdestinationssuchastheouterplanets,itcouldbeaveryusefultechnology.Hibernationforhumansisanethicallycontroversialconcept,andcriticsmayconsideritasamadscientist’sdream.However,withoutsuchdreamers,humanitywouldstillbeintheMiddleAges.12．WhydoestheauthormentionthemoviePassengers?A．Toadvertiseapopularscifispacemovie.B．Tointroduceanewapproachtolongspaceflights.C．Toexplorethepossibilityofsettlinganotherplanet.D．Torevealthepotentialdangersoflongspacetravels.13．Whathappenstohibernatingastronauts?A．Theirfunctionalmetabolismisdisturbed.B．Theyneedmoretimeandspaceforentertainment.C．Theylosethebalancebetweenbasicneedsandsupplies.D．Theirphysicalandmentalneedsarereducedtoaminimum.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“evoke”inparagraph4mean?A．Initiate. B．Justify. C．Define. D．Prioritize.15．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhibernationforhumans?A．Itmaybeariskystrategy. B．Itisadreamhardtorealize.C．Itcanadvancesocialprogress. D．Itchallengestraditionalmoralvalues.【答案】12．B13．D14．A15．C【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了太空旅行中冬眠的理論及其研究進(jìn)展。12．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“However,somethinggoeswrongandJimandAurorawakeup90yearstooearly.ButwhatifwetoldyouthathibernationforspacetravelismorelikelytohappenthantheromanticstorybetweenJimandAurora?(然而，事情出了問(wèn)題，吉姆和奧羅拉提前90年醒來(lái)。但如果我們告訴你，太空旅行的冬眠比吉姆和奧羅拉之間的浪漫故事更有可能發(fā)生呢？)”可推知，作者提到電影《太空旅客》是為了引出下文關(guān)于太空旅行中冬眠這一話題，介紹一種長(zhǎng)途太空飛行的新方法（Tointroduceanewapproachtolongspaceflights）。故選B項(xiàng)。13．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“ForgoingtoMars,astronautswouldrequireabout30kgoffood,water,air,andothersuppliesperday.Thus,hibernationcansignificantlycutdownontheiressentialneeds.Additionally,hibernatingastronautswouldn’tgetbored,stressed,orlonely,andlesstimeandspacewouldbeneededtohelpkeepthemfitorentertained.(為了去火星，宇航員每天需要大約30公斤的食物、水、空氣和其他補(bǔ)給。因此，冬眠可以大大減少它們的基本需求。此外，冬眠的宇航員不會(huì)感到無(wú)聊、壓力或孤獨(dú)，而且需要更少的時(shí)間和空間來(lái)幫助他們保持健康或娛樂(lè)。)”可知，冬眠的宇航員基本需求會(huì)顯著減少，也不會(huì)感到無(wú)聊、有壓力或孤獨(dú)，用于保持健康和娛樂(lè)的時(shí)間和空間也更少，說(shuō)明他們的身體和心理需求都被降到了最低（Theirphysicalandmentalneedsarereducedtoaminimum）。故選D項(xiàng)。14．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段中“Andthisiswhytheresearchonrats,notnaturallyhibernatinganimals,isinteresting.Researchonbearsisalsoimportantsincetheirbodysizeismorerelatabletoours.(這就是為什么對(duì)老鼠的研究很有趣，而不是自然冬眠的動(dòng)物。對(duì)熊的研究也很重要，因?yàn)樗鼈兊捏w型與我們的體型更接近。)”可知，此處為我們?nèi)绾巫屇切┩ǔ２欢叩奈锓N進(jìn)入冬眠狀態(tài)？故可猜測(cè)劃線單詞evoke為“喚起，引起”的意思，和A選項(xiàng)Initiate“發(fā)起，啟動(dòng)”意思相近。故選A項(xiàng)。15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Hibernationforhumansisanethicallycontroversialconcept,andcriticsmayconsideritasamadscientist’sdream.However,withoutsuchdreamers,humanitywouldstillbeintheMiddleAges.(人類冬眠在倫理上是一個(gè)有爭(zhēng)議的概念，批評(píng)者可能認(rèn)為這是瘋狂科學(xué)家的夢(mèng)想。然而，如果沒(méi)有這樣的夢(mèng)想家，人類可能還停留在中世紀(jì)。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為人類冬眠在倫理上有爭(zhēng)議，批評(píng)者可能認(rèn)為這是瘋狂科學(xué)家的夢(mèng)想，但如果沒(méi)有這樣的夢(mèng)想家，人類可能還處于中世紀(jì)，說(shuō)明作者認(rèn)為人類冬眠可以推動(dòng)社會(huì)進(jìn)步（Itcanadvancesocialprogress）。故選C項(xiàng)。Passage5Spaceismostlyavastvacuum,yetthepartaroundEarthisahumaninfluencedenvironmentcrucialforsociety.Inrecentyears,wehaveexploredEarth’sincreasedvulnerabilitytospacialeventsandhowtheworldneedstorespond.Spacedangershavealwaysthreatenedthisplanet.Agiantasteroid(小行星)impactprobablykilledoffthedinosaurs,andasimilarstrikecouldsomedaydestroythehumanrace.ScientistshavestartedlaunchingspacebasedtelescopestotrackdangerousasteroidsandtestingmethodstosteerasteroidsawayfromEarth.Spaceweatherisanotherheadache.Bigsolarstormshappenaboutevery100years,andwe’reprobablyoverdueforone.Scientistscanpredictspaceweather,givingpeoplehours’orevenafewdays’warningtopreparefacilities.Butgovernmentshavetoknowhowtoactquicklywhentheygetsuchwarnings.Debrishatwe’veputintoorbitsurroundstheplanet,andthenumberofthingsupthereisrisingrapidly.Eventinypiecesofdebris,speedingasfastasbullets,candamagesatellitesthatprovidecriticalservicesonEarth’ssurfaceand,intheprocess,possiblycreateyetmoredebristhatthreatensotherobjectsinorbit.Humansarealsomakingtheskybrighterfrombelow,throughtheuseofincreasinglyintenseandwidespreadlighting,andfromabove,viasatellitesand,yes,allthatspacedebrisreflectingsunlightdowntoearth.Lightpollutioninterruptspeople’scircadianrhythms(晝夜節(jié)律)andharmstheirsleepandtheirmentalandphysicalhealth.Countriesthatareemployingspacealsoneedtopolluteless.Theyshouldworktogetheranddevelopunifiedstandardsforhowandwhenpeoplecanlaunchsatellites,rocketsandmoreintoorbit.Oneunderstandablereactiontoalltheseconcerns:Humanityhasahardenoughtimetakingcareofthelandenvironment;you’retellingmethere’sanotherone?Unfortunately,yes.Evenashumansstruggletopreservethegroundwewalkonortheairwebreathe,governmentsallovertheworldneedtotakecareofthezonefaraboveourheads,too.Acting,however,isoftenthehardestpart.16．Whatcanbeinferredfromthetextabouttheresponsetospacebasedthreats?A．Scientistshaven’tmentallypreparedforasteroidthreats.B．Authoritiescanreactquicklytospaceweatherwarnings.C．Lightpollutionisnotseriousenoughtorequireattention.D．Internationalactionislackinginsolvingspaceproblems.17．Whichofthefollowingisanimpactoflightpollution?A．Itcausesdamagetosatellitesinorbit. B．Itdisruptsastronomicalobservations.C．Itharmspeople’swellbeing. D．Itincreasesspacedebris.18．Whatwilltheauthorprobablycontinuetowriteafterthelastparagraph?A．Measurestolimitallhumanactivitiesinspace.B．Suggestedexamplesofgovernmentactionsinspace.C．ThenegativeimpactofprotectingthespaceontheEarth.D．Thedifferenceofthespaceenvironmentfromthelandone.19．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Space:TheFinalCleanFrontier B．SpaceDangersandEarthDefenseC．Satellites:TheKeytoSpaceSafety D．TheOddWorldofSpaceExploration【答案】16．D17．C18．B19．B【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了太空中的各種危險(xiǎn)，包括小行星撞擊和太空天氣等，以及這些危險(xiǎn)對(duì)地球的影響，同時(shí)指出人類活動(dòng)造成的太空垃圾和光污染等問(wèn)題，并強(qiáng)調(diào)了國(guó)際合作和采取行動(dòng)的重要性。16．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Evenashumansstruggletopreservethegroundwewalkonortheairwebreathe,governmentsallovertheworldneedtotakecareofthezonefaraboveourheads,too.Acting,however,isoftenthehardestpart.(即使人類在努力保護(hù)我們行走的土地和我們呼吸的空氣，全世界的政府也需要照顧到我們頭頂上方的區(qū)域。然而，采取行動(dòng)往往是最難的部分。)”可知，盡管意識(shí)到太空問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性，但采取行動(dòng)很難，由此可推斷出國(guó)際行動(dòng)在解決太空問(wèn)題上仍然不足。故選D項(xiàng)。17．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Lightpollutioninterruptspeople’scircadianrhythms(晝夜節(jié)律)andharmstheirsleepandtheirmentalandphysicalhealth.(光污染打亂了人們的晝夜節(jié)律，對(duì)他們的睡眠以及身心健康有害。)”可知，光污染會(huì)影響人們的身心健康，即損害了人們的健康。故選C項(xiàng)。18．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容，尤其是最后一句“Acting,however,isoftenthehardestpart.(然而，采取行動(dòng)往往是最難的部分。)”可知，作者強(qiáng)調(diào)了采取行動(dòng)的重要性，且前文提到了政府需要合作并制定統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，因此可以推斷作者接下來(lái)可能會(huì)繼續(xù)寫(xiě)政府在太空可以采取的具體行動(dòng)示例。故選B項(xiàng)。19．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第二段中的“Spacedangershavealwaysthreatenedthisplanet.(太空危險(xiǎn)一直威脅著這個(gè)星球。)”和“ScientistshavestartedlaunchingspacebasedtelescopestotrackdangerousasteroidsandtestingmethodstosteerasteroidsawayfromEarth.Spaceweatherisanotherheadache.(科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)開(kāi)始發(fā)射太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡來(lái)追蹤危險(xiǎn)的小行星，并測(cè)試使小行星偏離地球的方法。太空天氣是另一個(gè)令人頭疼的問(wèn)題。)”可知，文章主要介紹了太空中的各種危險(xiǎn)以及地球防御措施，因此B選項(xiàng)“太空危險(xiǎn)和地球防御”最符合文章主旨。故選B項(xiàng)。Passage6Astronautsembarkingonlongjourneysindeepspacecan’tpackallthecaloriestheywillneedintheformoffreezedriedfood.Theyalsocan’tgroweverythingthey’llneed,asonboardgardentechnologyisn’tmatureenoughtoturnoutfreshproduce.Giventhosenutritionalrestrictions,agroupofengineersthinksfuturespacetravelersshouldchangetheirdiets.InastudypublishedinTheInternationalJournalofAstrobiology,scientistssuggestthatastronautscouldlooktoasteroids(小行星)forallyoucaneatmeals.Theywouldn’tbechewingtherocksthemselves.Instead,achemicalandphysicalprocesswouldbreakdownanasteroid’smaterial,andtheresultingorganicponentswouldthenbefedtobacteria.Afterthebacteriawerefull,theastronautscouldconsumethecollectionofmicrobes(微生物)—moreappetizinglyreferredtoas“biomass”(生物質(zhì)).Thisideahasoriginsinamoreearthlyproject,sponsoredbyDefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgencyoftheUSDepartmentofDefense.Oneoftheagency’sprograms,ReSource,tasksresearcherswithtakingplasticwasteproducedbytroopsandturningitintosomethinguseful.JoshuaPearce,anengineeringprofessorwhoiscollaboratingontheproject,thoughttheycouldturnthoseplasticfoodcontainersintomorefood.Dr.Pearcewasdiscussingthisplasticworkwithhis“spacefriends”,whopointedoutthatasteroidsaren’tsodifferentfromplastic,atleastfromthemicrobes’perspective:theybothcontainalotofcarbon.Theproblemiswhethermicrobeswill,infact,eatasteroids.That’ssomethingAnnemiekWaajenofVUAmsterdamhasinvestigated,feedingbacteriameteorite(隕石)materialpiecesofspacerockthathavefallentoEarth.Theyconsumeditscarbonandgrew,accordingtoherresearch.Dr.Waajenthinksasteroidfoodmakessensebiochemically,butthatitwillremainacuriousideaforawhile.“Itissomethingthat’sstillalongwayaway,”shesaid.ThespacepartgivesStephenTechtmann,aMichiganTechnologicalUniversitymicrobiologist,pause.“Howdothoseassumptionsactuallytranslatewhenyougetitintothatenvironment?”hesaid.Oneproblemisthatasteroidsarenotchemicalclonesofeachother.“Changingfromasteroidtoasteroidmightbechallenging,”healsosaid.Dr.Pearceiswillingtotrytosortthatout,hopingtogatherdatademonstratingthatthebiomassmealsarelikelytobeproducedandsafetoconsume.“IalreadypromisedIwouldbethefirstonetotakeabite,”hesaid.Despitethechallengesofprovidingastronautswithabalancedanddeliciousdiet,webelievethattheendofscientificexplorationisfinallyasolution.20．Whattroubledoastronautsindeepspacehaveaccordingtothepassage?A．Theypossiblystarveforlackoffood. B．Theyareaddictedtofreezedriedfood.C．Theyaredependentonfreshproduce. D．Theylikelyfacenutritionalimbalance.21．Whatistheassumedalternativedietforastronauts?A．Asteroids. B．Biomass. C．Bacteria. D．Meteorites.22．WhichofthefollowingdoesStephenTechtmannagreewith?A．Itremainstobeexploredwhethertheprojectcanberealized.B．Itispletelyimpracticableformicrobestoeatasteroids.C．Thereisdoubtarisingaboutthesafetyofthemicrobemeal.D．Thereisnoneedtocontinuewiththisasteroidproject.23．What’stheauthor’sattitudetotheideaoflookingtoasteroidsformeals?A．Intolerant B．Doubtful C．Favorable D．Dismissive【答案】20．D21．B22．A23．C【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了宇航員在深空?qǐng)?zhí)行任務(wù)時(shí)解決食物問(wèn)題的新方法，即利用小行星制作生物質(zhì)食品。20．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Giventhosenutritionalrestrictions,agroupofengineersthinksfuturespacetravelersshouldchangetheirdiets.(考慮到這些營(yíng)養(yǎng)限制，一組工程師認(rèn)為未來(lái)的太空旅行者應(yīng)該改變他們的飲食)”可知，宇航員在深空可能會(huì)面臨營(yíng)養(yǎng)不均衡的問(wèn)題。故選D。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Instead,achemicalandphysicalprocesswouldbreakdownanasteroid’smaterial,andtheresultingorganicponentswouldthenbefedtobacteria.Afterthebacteriawerefull,theastronautscouldconsumethecollectionofmicrobes(微生物)—moreappetizinglyreferredtoas“biomass”(生物質(zhì)).(相反，一種化學(xué)和物理過(guò)程會(huì)分解小行星的物質(zhì)，生成的有機(jī)成分將被喂給細(xì)菌。細(xì)菌充滿后，宇航員可以食用這些微生物，更誘人地稱為“生物質(zhì)”)”可知，宇航員的替代飲食是生物質(zhì)。故選B。22．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第六段“ThespacepartgivesStephenTechtmann,aMichiganTechnologicalUniversitymicrobiologist,pause.“Howdothoseassumptionsactuallytranslatewhenyougetitintothatenvironment?”hesaid.Oneproblemisthatasteroidsarenotchemicalclonesofeachother.“Changingfromasteroidtoasteroidmightbechallenging,”healsosaid.(負(fù)責(zé)太空部分的密歇根理工大學(xué)的微生物學(xué)家斯蒂芬·特特曼猶豫了一下。“當(dāng)你把它放到那種環(huán)境中時(shí)，這些假設(shè)實(shí)際上是如何轉(zhuǎn)化的？”他說(shuō)。一個(gè)問(wèn)題是，小行星之間并不是化學(xué)上的克隆。他還說(shuō)：“從一顆小行星換到另一顆小行星可能很有挑戰(zhàn)性。”)”由此可推知，StephenTechtmann認(rèn)為這一計(jì)劃能否實(shí)現(xiàn)還需要進(jìn)一步探討。故選A。23．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Despitethechallengesofprovidingastronautswithabalancedanddeliciousdiet,webelievethattheendofscientificexplorationisfinallyasolution.(盡管為宇航員提供均衡和美味飲食存在挑戰(zhàn)，但我們相信科學(xué)探索最終會(huì)找到解決辦法)”可以推測(cè)出，作者對(duì)探索小行星食品這一前景持支持態(tài)度。故選C。Passage7ThePerseverancerover(探測(cè)器)hasdiscoveredsignsofwaterontheMartiansurface,appearingasdarklinesthatchangewiththeseasons.ScientiststendtothinkthattheselinesarecausedbyshortlivedflowsofsaltywaterduringMars’warmermonthswhentemperaturesriseabovethefreezingpoint.Water,necessaryforlife,isfoundwhereverlifeexistsonourplanet.ThattheremaybewateronMars,eveninsmallamounts,raisesthepossibilitythattheplanetmayhavesupportedlifeformsinthepastorcouldpossiblyhostsomeformoflifetoday.ThislatestdiscoveryisamajorstepinourjourneytounderstandMarsanditspotential(可能性)tohostlife.ThePerseveranceroverisequippedwithasetofscientifictoolsthatarehelpingscientistsinexamining