高中英語北師大版（2019）選擇性必修第三冊課文教材拓展之語法填空Unit7Careers【Lesson1EQ:IQ】SuccesseswithaHighEQMoststudentsdoanIQ(IntelligenceQuotient)testearlyintheirschoollife.Eveniftheyneverseetheirresults,theyfeelthattheirIQis

1

determineshowwelltheyaregoingtodoinlife.Whentheyseeotherstudentsdoingbetterthanthem,theyusuallybelievethatthosestudentshavea

2

(high)

IQandthatthereisnothingtheycandotochangetheirsituation.However,newresearchintoEQ(EmotionalQuotient)suggeststhatsuccessisnotsimplytheresultofahighIQ.

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yourIQtellsyouhowintelligentyouare,yourEQtellsyouhowwellyouuseyourintelligence.ProfessorSalovey,who

inventedthetermEQ,givesthefollowingdescription:atwork,itisIQthatgetsyouemployed,butitisEQthatgetsyoupromoted.Supportedbyhisresearch,ProfessorSaloveysuggeststhatwhen

4

(predict)

someone’sfuturesuccess,theircharacter,asmeasuredbyEQtests,mightactuallymattermorethantheirIQ.ProfessorSaloveymaybecorrect.Forexample,haveyoueverwonderedwhysomeofthesmarteststudentsinyourclass,whoyouthinkdeservegoodgrades,sometimesendup

5

(fail)

exams?PerhapstheirfailureisbecauseoftheirlowerEQ.PeopleareoftenmistakeninthinkingthatthosewithhighIQsalwayshavehighEQsaswell.This

6

(associate)

canexist,butitisjustaspossibleforsomeonewithalowIQtohaveahighEQorsomeonewithahighIQtohavealowEQ.ItisgenerallybelievedthatpeoplewithhighEQsareopentonewideasandhavepositiveattitudestowardslife.Theyarealsolesslikelyto

7

(trouble)

byinternalproblems.Ontheotherhand,thereislittledoubtthatpeoplewithlowEQsoftenhaveproblemsgettingonwithotherpeopleanddealingwithdifficultsituations;hencetheyhaveahardertime

8

(adjust)

inlifeandintheircareers.Peoplegenerallybelievethataperson’sIQ

9

(determine)

bybirth.However,mostsocialscientistsagreethatEQhasalottodowitheducation.Somearetryingtostudythepossibilityofimprovingaperson’sEQ,especiallyintermsof“peopleskills”,suchasunderstandingand

10

(municate).ProfessorMayer,recognisedbymanyasaleadingexpertinthestudyofchangestopeople’sEQs,recently

11

(announce)

theresultsofastudyonseniorsecondaryschoolstudents.Whenstudentswereintroducedtothosewhohaddisabilities,theyfoundthat,afterwards,thenondisabledstudentsweremorewillingtohelppeoplewithdifficulties.

12

(pare)

tostudentswhohadnotbeeninvolvedinthestudy,theyalsoshowedabetterunderstandingofthe

disabled

students’feelings.Therewasalsoanobviouschangeinthedisabledstudents’

13

(attitude).Theybecamemorepositiveaboutlifeandmorewillingtotrynewthings.Altogether,theresultsofstudiesshowthatEQisasimportant,ifnotmoreimportant

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IQ.Togetaheadintheworldandleadahappysuccessfulliferequires

gettingonwellwithotherpeopleandbeingabletounderstandandreacttosituationsinthebestwaypossible.AhighEQisnecessaryforthis—

thehigherthebetter.AndthefactthatitmightbepossibletoraiseEQsmeansthatschoolsneedtomakesurethattheirstudentsarereceivinganeducationtheyreallyneed,not

15

(sole)

basedonIQbutondevelopingtheentirecharacter.參考答案1.what

2.higher

3.While

4.predicting

5.failing6.association

7.betroubled

8.adjusting

9.isdetermined

10.munication11.announced

12.pared

13.attitudes

14.than

15.solelyUnit

7

Lesson

3

Meet

the

New

Boss：You

【Lesson3MEETTHENEWBOSS:YOU】Upuntilthe1980s,peopleinmanycountriesregularlyfollowedintheirparents’

1

(footstep)

byworkinginthefamilybusinessorjoiningthesameprofessionasthem.You’dfollowyourfathertosea,ontothefarmorintotheworkshop.You’dfollowyourmotherintothekitchenorsewingroom.Inyourgrandparents’time,therewastheprospectofdoingthesamejobfromgraduationuntil

2

(retire).Howtimeshavechanged!Mostpeoplenowhavenointentionoffollowingintheirparents’footstepsorevenstayingatonejobforverylong.Infact,planningtoworkinthesamefieldorindustryforyourentireworkinglifejustisn’tpracticalanymore.Onereasonforthisistechnology.Theskillsyouhavenowareunlikely

3

(remain)

relevantandbeenoughtohelpyouthroughyourentirecareer.Infact,theywillprobablybeoutofdateverysoon.Andthenwhatwillyoudo?Workhard?Winthelottery?Hopeforthebest?Youmightbelucky.Thesestrategiesmightbringyouanice,fortablelife:workingatajobyoulike,earning

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decentsalaryandretiringwhileyou’restillyoungandhealthy.Butmostofustodayhavetolookbeyondthelittleboxcalled“career”.Ifyouthinkyoucanworkeighthoursadayandbuildacareer,thinkagain.Youmightbeabletokeepyourjobifyoufinishwhatyouareaskedtodo,butthisishardlyarecipeforgreatcareersuccess.Instead,you’dbetterkeeplookingfor

5

(smart)

waystodoyourwork.You’llneedtobearisktaker,an

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(innovate),aproblemsolver,andahardworker.Keepdoingthis,and

youcanbeeanexpertoraspecialistinsomethingoneday.Youhaveachancetochoosetobuildacareer,ratherthanbeingtoldtostayortogo.Jobsandoccupationseandgoatanamazingpacethesedays.Ifyouthinkyoucan’tbereplacedbysoftware,oryourjobcan’t

7

(outsource)

tosomerobotsonthemoon,youarewrong.Whatifyourjobdisappearsafterworkingfor10yearsinthefield?Youmayhavetogobacktotheclassroomandberetrainedinordertoqualifytoworkinanotherfield.Infact,inalllikelihood,youwillhavetodothismultipletimes.Butyoucanbepreparedfordevelopmentsandchanges

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youarethrownoutofacareer.Itisentirelyyourchoicetolearn,ortobeforcedtolearn.Inshort,ifyouwanttosucceedina21st

centurycareer,youwillhavetodevelopnewessentialskills.Lifetime

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(secure)

fromoneemployerisnolongercertainorevenlikely.Thetruthisthatyouarethebossofyourcareer,anditisuptoyoutodecide

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youcandoandhowwellyoucandoit.Areyoureadyforthis?

參考答案1.footsteps

2.retirement

3.toremain

4.a

5.smarter6.innovator

7.beoutsourced

8.before

9.security

10.whatUnit8Literature【Lesson1TheLastLeaf】GreenwichVillageisaplacewheretheartpeoplecametogether,

1

(hunt)

forapartmentswithnorthfacingwindowsandlow

2

(rent).At

thetopofathreestorybuilding,SueandJohnsyhadtheirstudio.InNovember,acold,unseenstranger,

3

thedoctorscalled

Pneumonia,arrivedinGreenwichVillage.MrPneumoniaplacedhisicy

fingeronJohnsy;andshelay,barelymoving,inherbedstaringatablank

wallunderherblanket.ThedoctortookSueasideandclaimed,

“Shehasonechancein—

letussay,ten.Andthatchanceisforhertowanttolive.Trytoencourageher

4

(think)

morehopefulthoughts,aboutthefuture,aboutliving.”SuetooksomepaperandapenintoJohnsy’sroomand

beganapendrawing,inanattempttoraiseJohnsy’s

spirits.Johnsy’seyeswereopen,buttheyweren’t

watchingher.Instead,shestaredoutthewindowand

5

(count)

backwards:

“Ten,nine,eight,seven...”“Whatareyoucounting,dear?”

askedSue.“They’re

falling

6

(fast)

now,”

repliedJohnsy.

“Threedaysagotherewerealmostahundred.Butnowit’seasy.Thereareonlyfiveleftnow.Fiveleavesontheivyvine.Whenthe

lastonefalls,Imustgo,too.Didn’tthedoctortellyou?”“Oh,Ineverheardofsuchnonsense,”

quicklyrepliedSue.ButJohnsy’smindwasmade

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.

“Iwanttoseethelastonefall.I’mtiredofwaiting.Iwanttogosailingdown,down,justlikeoneofthosepoor,

8

(tire)

leaves.”“Trytosleep,”

saidSue.Thenshewenttofetchherneighbor,MrBehrman,tobeamodelforherdrawing.Hewasafailed

painter.In40yearshehadneverproduced

themasterpiecehelongedtopaint.Suetold

himaboutJohnsy’slonging

9

(slip)

awayliketheleaves.Behrmancriedwith

10

(belief).

“Aretherepeopleintheworldthatfoolishtothinkthey’lldiebecauseleavesdropofffromavine?ThisisnotaplaceinwhichMissJohnsyshalllie

sick.SomedayIwillpaintamasterpiece,andweshallallgoaway.”BehrmanandSuelookedoutthewindowatthevineandnoticedthattherewasjustone

11

(remain)

leaf.What’smore,acoldrainwasfalling,

mixed

withsnow.Thenextmorning,Johnsywokeandaskedforthecurtainstobeopened.Oneleafremainedonthevine,

12

(brave)

holdingoninthewindandrain.“Itwillfalltoday.AndIwilldiewithit.”Thefollowingday,Johnsyaskedagainforthecurtainstobeopened.Theleafwasstillthere!Johnsylayforalongtimelookingatit.“I’vebeenabadgirl,Sue,”

saidJohnsy.“Itisacrimetowanttodie.”

Thensheaskedforsomefood.Intheafternoon,thedoctorvisited,“Evenchances,”

saidthedoctor,“withgoodnursing,you’llwin.AndnowImustsee

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fellowdownstairs,Behrman.Pneumonia,too.Thereisnohopeforhim.”Thenextday,SuecametoJohnsy’sbed.“Ihavesomethingtotellyou,”

shesaid.“MrBehrmandiedtoday.Hewasillforonlytwodays.Thejanitorfoundhimlyinginbedhelplesslywithpainyesterdaymorning.Hisshoesandclothing

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(be)wetthroughandicycold.They

(light),andsomebrushes,and—

lookoutthewindow,dear,atthelastivyleafonthewall.Didn’tyouwonderwhyitnevermovedaninchwhenthewindblew?Ah,dear,it’sBehrman’smasterpiece—

hepaintedittherethenightwhenthelastleaffell.”參考答案1.hunting

2.rents

3.whom

4.tothink

5.counted6.faster

7.up

8.tired

9.toslip

10.disbelief11.remaining

12.bravely

13.a

14.were

15.litUnit

8

Lesson

3

20,000

Leagues

Under

the

Sea【Lesson320,000LEAGUESUNDERTHESEA】ThecrashwassoviolentthatIhavenoclear

1

(recollect)

offallingfromtheboat.MightIhopetobesaved?

Thedarknesswasintense.Isaw

ablackmass

2

(disappear)

inthe

east.Itwastheboat!Iwaslost.“Help,help!”

Ishouted,swimmingtowardstheboatin

3

(desperate).

Iwassinking!Icouldn’tbreathe!

“Help!”

Mymouthfilledwithwater;

Istruggledagainstbeingdrawn

deeper,deeperdown.Suddenly

Ifeltmyselfquicklydrawnupto

thesurfaceofthesea;andIheardthesewords:

“Ifmasterwouldbesogoodas

4

(hold)

ontomyshoulder,masterwouldswimwithmuchgreaterease.”

IgrabbedmyfaithfulConseil’sarmwithonehand.“Isityou?”

saidI.“Myself,”

answeredConseil.“Thatcrashthrewyouaswell

5

meintothesea?”“No;but,beinginmymaster’sservice,Ifollowedhim.”Conseilwascoolandcalm.Nevertheless,oursituationwasnolessterrible.Near

oneo’clockinthemorning,Isuddenlyfelt

6

(terrible)

tired.Conseilhadtokeepmeup,

andour

7

(preserve)

dependedonhimalone.“Leaveme!Leaveme!”Isaidtohim.“Never!”repliedhe.

“Iwoulddrownfirst.”“Help!Help!”criedConseil.Itseemedtomeasifacryansweredhim.There

wasnomistake!Ahumanvoicerespondedtoours!Then,Iknownotwhy,the

thoughtofthestrange,terrible

animalcameintomyheadforthefirsttime!But

thatvoice!Ihadalmostnostrength

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(leave);myfingerscouldhardlymove;mymouth,openingandclosing,filledwithsaltwater.Ibecamecolderandcolder.Iraisedmyheadforthelasttime,thenIsank.Atthismomentahardbodystruck

me.Iheldontoit;thenIfeltthatIwas

beingdrawnup,thatI

wasbrought

tothesurfaceofthewater,thatmychest

collapsed—

myeyesclosed,

9

(conscious).Isoonwokeup,and

halfopenedmyeyes.IsawafacewhichIimmediatelyrecognised.“Ned!”Icried.“Thesame,sir!”repliedtheCanadian.“Wereyouthrownintotheseawhentheboatcrashed?”“Yes,Professor,but

10

(fortunate)

thanyou,Iwasabletofindsafetyalmost

immediatelyuponthisislandinthesea.Or,morecorrectlyspeaking,onthislarge

whale.OnlyIsoonfoundout

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myweaponhadnotentereditsskin,butbouncedoff.”“Why,Ned,why?”“Becausethatcreatureismadeofsteel.”Imoved

12

(I)

quicklytothetopof

thebeing,andkickedit.Itwas

13

(evident)

ahard,solidbody.Theblackbackthatsupportedmewassmooth,polished,nothinglikeananimal.Theblowproducedasoundofmetal;and,incrediblethoughitmaybe,itseemedasifitwasmade

ofmetalplates.Thismonsterwasahumanconstruction.Wewerelyinguponthebackofasortofunderwaterboat.Isearchedallovertheoutsideforanopening,

ahole,butfoundnothing.Atlastthislongnightpassed.Daybreakappeared.

Suddenlyanoisecamefrominsidetheboat.Oneironplatewasmoved,amanappeared,utteredanoddcry,anddisappearedimmediately.Somemomentsafter,eightstrongmen,theirfaces

14

(cover),appearednoiselessly,and

15

(draw)

usdownintotheirincrediblemachine.參考答案1.recollection

2.disappearing

3.desperation

4.tohold

5.as6.terribly

7.preservation

8.left

9.unconscious

10.morefortunate11.why

12.myself

13.evidently

14.covered

15.drewUnit9HumanBiology【Lesson1ToCloneorNotToClone】Cloningistheprocessofmakinganexactcopyofaplantoranimaland

developingiteithernaturallyorartificially.Naturalcloninghasbeen

goingonforgenerations.Forexample,gardeners

1

(use)aformofcloningwhentheytakeacuttingfromaplantandplaceitinasuitablemedium,suchassoil.Anotherexampleofnaturalcloningisidentical

twins,whoareproducedfrom

2

sameegg.Foryears,therehadbeenattempts

3

(clone)

animalsartificially.Thefirst

successfullyclonedanimalwasasheepnamedDollyin1996.Atfirst,Dollygrew

normally,butlatershedevelopedanillnessthatismorenormallyfoundin

much

4

(old)

animals.Shelivedforsixandahalfyears,onlyhalfthelifeofthe

sheep

5

whichshewascloned.AfterDolly,scientistshaveclonedmorethan

20mammalspecies,includingcamels,cattle,deer,dogs,goatsandmice.

However,theyhavefoundasimilarpatternofhealthproblemswiththeseotherspeciesaswell.Thishasledtoquestionssuchas,“Willthisbeamajorissueforallclonedanimals?”

“Willitcontinuetohappenforever?”.InJanuary2018,thecloningoftwolongtailedmonkeys,ZhongZhongand

HuaHua,

6

(announce)

byChinesescientists.Theywerethefirstever

primates(theorderofmammalswhichincludeapes,monkeys,andhumans)

tohavebeencloned!Inparisonwithotherspecies,cloningprimateshasprovedtobe“muchharder”,anddoingsowithnonreproductivecellswas

evenmoreplicated.Dr.SunQiang,

7

(direct)

oftheresearchteam,saidtheyhad

been

8

(whole)

devotedtotheresearchandhad

beentakingcareofmorethan1,000monkeys24hoursaday,7daysaweekformorethan5

years.Therehadbeenanumberoffailures

beforetheyeventuallyfoundawayto

successfullycloneamonkey.Thereasonthey

workedsohardtobreakthistechnicalbarrierwastogetanimalswitheditedgenesandproduceanimalmodelsthatarehelpfulformedicalresearchandhumanhealth.Thesuccessfulcloningofprimateshasledtoworldwidepraiseasahugebreakthrough

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mightleadtocuresforvariousdiseasesandmayalsooffercluesonhowtopreventtheagingprocess.Withthistechnology,wehavethepotentialtoraisealargenumberofmonkeyswithidentical

genesinashortamountoftime,andwecanevenchangetheirgenesto

suitresearchneeds.Thiscouldhelpsaveresearchtime,reducethe

numberofanimals

10

(require)

fortesting,producemoreaccurateresults,

andleadtomoreeffectivetreatments.Cloning,however,continuestobeanissuethatcausesagreatdealof

disagreementand

11

(provoke)

strongemotions.Whilesomepeoplebelieveit

iscrucialforscientificadvancement,othersraisemoral

12

(concern).They

believeitisbound

13

(lead)

tocloningofotherspecies,andtheyworryabouttheethicalquestionsthisraises.Forexample,theywonderifclonesshouldbetreatedasobjectsorasindividualswiththeirownidentity.Furthermore,

clonesmaybeviewedasmerecopiesoforiginalsthusbeingseenasinferior.

Finally,theyworrythatsomeorganisationsmayabusethetechnologyfor

unethicalpurposes.Sofar,itisstillunknown

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willhappento

ZhongZhongandHuaHuaastheygrowup.

Researchersinsistthatthescienceofcloningshouldbefurtherexploredandadvanced.AsEinsteinsaid,

“Scienceisapowerfulinstrument.Howitisused,

whetheritisablessing

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acursetomankind,

dependsonmankindandnotontheinstrument.A

knifeisuseful,butitcanalsokill.”參考答案1.havebeenusing

2.the

3.toclone

4.older

5.from6.wasannounced

7.director

8.wholly

9.that

10.required11.provokes

12.concerns

13.tolead

14.what

15.orUnit

9

Lesson

3

Epidemics

Explained【Lesson3Epidemicsexplained】Anepidemicisthenamegiventoaninfectiousdiseasethatrapidlyspreadstoalargenumberofpeoplewithinashortperiodoftime—usuallytwoweeksorless.Epidemics

1

(happen)

foraslongastherehavebeenpeoplelivingonEarth.Theycanbecausedbyseveraldifferentfactors,suchasavirus

2

(carry)

intoanarea,orchangesinthewaypeoplelive,likemorepeoplelivinginanarea,whichincreasesthechancesofthemingintocontactwithavirusorbacteria.Eachdiseasecanonlyofficiallybeclassifiedasanepidemiconceacertainnumberofdeathshaveoccurredfromthedisease.

3

numberofdeathsisdifferentforeverydisease.Soaveryrarediseasewillhavealowbaselineandjustafewcasesofitinoneplacewillbeclassifiedasanepidemic;asopposedtomoremondiseases,suchastheflu,thathaveahigherbaseline.Themoncoldisawidespreadvirusthataffectsmillionsofpeople,butitisnotseenasbeingaseriousenoughcondition

4

(deserve)

theclassificationofanepidemic.Withrecentpressreportsdrawingparallelsbetweenbirdfluandkillerepidemicsofthepast,JimSmithlooksatthesometimesdepressinghistoryofepidemicsforcluesabout

5

wecancreateamorepositivefuturewithoutepidemics.Sincebirdflufirstappearedin1997,ithastakenmorethanahundredlives.Manypeoplefearitcouldbethenextglobalepidemic,especiallyasscientistswhohavegoneintodetailstudyingtissuesamplesfromthebodiesofpeoplewhodiedofthe1918SpanishFluhaveprovedthatbirdfluisamodern

6

(adapt)

ofthatvirus.Oneoftheearliestepidemicsonrecordhappenedbetweenabout500and550CE.Scientistsnowestimatethatupto50%ofthearea’spopulationdiedfromtheepidemic,

7

(make)

itoneofthemaincausesofthefalloftheRomanEmpire.Then,inthe1330s,thisepidemicreturned,thistimeinAsia.ItspreadrapidlytoEuropeandbecameknownas“TheBlackDeath”becauseonevisiblesymptomwasblackspotsonthebody.

8

(century)later,theGreatFluEpidemicof1918,alsocalledth